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Inequality and Organizational Practice pp 221–251Cite as

Palgrave Macmillan

Hidden Inequalities Amongst the International Workforce

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Part of the book series: Palgrave Explorations in Workplace Stigma ((PAEWS))

Abstract

This chapter focuses on low-status expatriates who have been largely hidden from managerial scholarship. They are hidden because they are ignored by the migrant literature which looks at people trying to remain in their new society and gain citizenship and ignored by the expatriation literature which is mainly concerned with high-status ‘top’ talent. These hidden expatriates are typically maids, drivers, security guards, and construction workers—low status and low paid, unable to obtain citizenship, and liable to be sent home, unemployed, at the whim of their employer. If we, as scholars, are to contribute to the betterment of society by elevating the health and well-being of those who live in it, then we must recognise the existence of and address management issues and concerns of those at the ‘bottom of the pyramid’. We use the Organisational Justice theory and draw on examples from Turkey, Singapore, and the Middle East to examine the position, the concerns, and the issues of such workers and their often-unequal place in the workforce.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Formally known as the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (or colloquially as GCC), a regional intergovernmental political and economic union consisting of all Arab states of the Persian Gulf (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE) except for Iraq.

  2. 2.

    In contrast to, for example, Malaysia at 9.5% (World Bank Group 2013), South Korea at 3% (Roh 2014), and Australia at 1% (Australian Government 2016). Across the EU countries, foreign workers made up 7.4% of persons in employment in 2015 (Eurostat 2016).

  3. 3.

    Approximately 84% of refugees are hosted by developing countries, led by Turkey, Pakistan, and Lebanon. Turkey hosted the largest number of refugees worldwide, with 3,561,707 people as of 22 March 2018. The Syrian Arab Republic was the top source country of refugees worldwide in 2016 (World Bank Group 2017).

  4. 4.

    Savings money is an illegal practice where employers make salary deductions of SG$50–100 a month for the purposes of ensuring workers’ ‘good behaviour’ and helping them to save for their eventual return to their home country (see Chan 2011; Humanitarian Organisation for Migration Economics 2011).

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  1. Faculty of Communication, İstanbul Bilgi University, İstanbul, Turkey

    Gaye Özçelik

  2. Henley Business School, University of Reading, Reading, UK

    Washika Haak-Saheem & Chris Brewster

  3. SR Nathan School of Human Development, Singapore University of Social Sciences, Singapore, Singapore

    Yvonne McNulty

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Özçelik, G., Haak-Saheem, W., Brewster, C., McNulty, Y. (2019). Hidden Inequalities Amongst the International Workforce. In: Nachmias, S., Caven, V. (eds) Inequality and Organizational Practice. Palgrave Explorations in Workplace Stigma. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11647-7_10

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