Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Subfamily Culicinae

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Mosquitoes

Part of the book series: Fascinating Life Sciences ((FLS))

  • 1071 Accesses

Abstract

Most of the mosquito species of the world belong to this subfamily, which is subdivided into 11 tribes. The adults exhibit a high morphological variability ranging from species with little scaling to those with explicit patterns of scales of different colours, from white to black, and even a metallic appearance, as well as from small to large species. Many species have prominent patterns of scales and setae on the scutum. The scutellum is trilobed with setae grouped on the lobes, except in Toxorhynchitini, which have an evenly rounded scutellum. In females the palps are short and together with the trilobed scutellum make an elementary difference compared to members of the subfamily Anophelinae. The legs are often scaled in a characteristic pattern, and the claws in some tribes have a subbasal tooth which can be species specific. The wings are often broader than those of Anophelinae and have the cross veins r-m and m-cu well expressed. They have usually three spermathecae (receptaculum seminalis). The structure of the male hypopygium, especially the aedeagal apparatus, is often more complex, and in some tribes, the gonocoxite may be enriched with well-developed lobes. The head capsule of the larvae is more or less squared or rounded, and the antennae are of variable length. The larval thorax and abdomen are ornamented with long but less spiculate setae and lack, in European species, palmate setae. The elongated siphon with the plate-like, or in Mansoniini piercing, spiracular apparatus distinguishes the larvae of the Culicinae from those of the Anophelinae. The pupae have long trumpets, the opening of them being less wide than they are in Anophelinae. The chorionic pattern of the eggs varies with the mode of egg laying and can be used for genus and, in some cases, for species identification.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adhami J (1987) Mushkonjat (Diptera: Culicidae) te Shqiperise, tribu Culicini. Revista Mjekesöre (1–2):82–95 (in Albanian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Adhami J, Murati N (1987) Presence of the mosquito Aedes albopictus in Albania. Revista Mjekesöre 1:13–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Adhami J, Reiter P (1998) Introduction and establishment of Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus Skuse (Diptera: Culicidae) in Albania. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 14(3):340–343

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Agoulon A, Desireux M, Brutus L, Guilloteau J, Marjolet M (1997) Genetique des populations de moustiques Aedes detritus A et B et Aedes caspius sur le littoral atlantique et mise en evidence de l’autogenese. Bull Soc Zool Fr 122(2):157–158

    Google Scholar 

  • Aitken THG (1954) Studies on the anopheline complex of western America. Univ Calif Publ Ent 7(11):273–364

    Google Scholar 

  • Akiner MM, Demirci B, Babuadze G, Robert V, Schaffner F (2016) Spread of the invasive mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in the Black Sea region increases risk of Chikungunya, Dengue, and Zika outbreaks in Europe. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10(4):e0004664

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alekseev EV (1989) Bloodsucking mosquito Aedes (Rusticoidus) krymmontanus Alekseev, sp. n., a relic of the entomofauna of the crimea (in Russian). Parazitologyia Leningrad 23:173–178

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alten B, Bellini R, Caglar SS, Simsek FM, Kaynas S (2000) Species composition and seasonal dynamics of mosquitoes in the Belek region of Turkey. J Vector Ecol 25:146–154

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Andersson IH, Jaenson TGT (1987) Nectar feeding by mosquitoes in Sweden, with special reference to Culex pipiens and Culex torrentium. Med Vet Entomol 1:59–64

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Andreadis TG, Anderson JF, Munstermann LE, Wolfe RJ, Florin DA (2001) Discovery, distribution and abundance of the newly introduced mosquito Ochlerotatus japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Connecticut, USA. J Med Entomol 38:774–779

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Angelini R, Finarelli AC, Angelini P, Po C, Petropulacos K, Macini P, Fiorentini C, Fortuna C, Venturi G, Romi R, Majori G, Nicoletti L, Rezza G, Cassone A (2007) An outbreak of chikungunya fever in the province of Ravenna, Italy. Euro Surveill 12:36

    Google Scholar 

  • Apfelbeck V (1928) Beiträge zur Kenntnis wenig bekannter Stechmücken. Zeitschr wiss Insektenbiol Bd IV:28–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Aranda C, Eritja R, Roiz D (2006) First record and establishment of Aedes albopictus in Spain. Med Vet Ent 20:150–152

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arnaud JD, Rioux JA, Croset H, Guilvard E (1976) Aedes (Ochlerotatus) surcoufi (Theobald 1912). Retablissement du binome;analyse morphologique position au sein du complexe holarctique “excrucians”. Ann Parasitol Hum 51(4):477–494

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aspöck H (1965) Studies of Culicidae (Diptera) and consideration of their role as potential vectors of arboviruses in Austria. XII Int Congr Ent, London, pp 767–769

    Google Scholar 

  • Aspöck H (1996) Stechmücken als Virusüberträger in Mitteleuropa. Nova Acta Leopoldina 292:37–55

    Google Scholar 

  • Balenghien T, Vazeille M, Grandadam M, Schaffner F, Zeller H et al (2008) Vector competence of some French Culex and Aedes mosquitoes for West Nile virus. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 8:589–595

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bardos V, Danielova V (1959) The Tahyna virus-a virus isolated from mosquitoes in Czechoslovakia. J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol 3:264–276

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barr AR (1958) The mosquitoes of Minnesota (Diptera: Culicidae). Univ Minn Agric Exp Stn Tech Bull 228:154

    Google Scholar 

  • Beaty BJ, Marquardt WC (1996) The biology of disease vectors. University Press of Colorado, Boulder, CO, pp 632

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker N, Huber K, Pluskota B, Kaiser A (2011) Ochlerotatus japonicus japonicus – a newly established neozoan in Germany and a revised list of the German mosquito fauna. Eur Mosq Bull 29:88–102

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker N, Jöst A, Weitzel T (2012b) The Culex pipiens complex in Europe. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 28(4):53–67

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Becker N, Kaiser A (1995) Die Culicidenvorkommen in den Rheinauen des Oberrheingebiets mit besonderer Berücksichtigung von Uranotaenia (Culicidae, Diptera)-einer neuen Stechmückengattung für Deutschland. Mitt dtsch Ges allg angew Ent 10:407–413

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker N, Ludwig HW (1981) Untersuchungen zur Faunistik und Ökologie der Stechmücken (Culicinae) und ihrer Pathogene im Oberrheingebiet. Mitt dtsch Ges allg angew Ent 2:186–194

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker N, Pluskota B, Kaiser A, Schaffner F (2012a) Exotic mosquitoes conquer the world. In: Mehlhorn H (ed) Arthropods as vectors of emerging diseases, Parasitology Research Monographs, vol 3. Springer, Berlin, pp 31–60

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Becker N, Schön S, Klein A-M, Ferstl I, Kizgin A, Tannich E, Kuhn C, Pluskota B, Jöst A (2017) First mass development of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)-its surveillance and control in Germany. Parasitol Res 116:847–858. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-016-5356-z

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Berry WJ, Craig GB Jr (1984) Bionomics of Aedes atropalpus breeding in scrap tires in northern Indiana. Mosq News 44:476–478

    Google Scholar 

  • Bezzhonova OV, Patraman IV, Ganushkina LA, Vyshemirskii OI, Sergiev VP (2014) The first finding of invasive species Aedes (Finlaya) koreicus (Edwards, 1917) in European Russia. Med Parazitol 1:16–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Bohart RM (1948) The subgenus Neoculex in America north of Mexico. Ann Ent Soc Am 41:330–345

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boorman JPT (1961) Observations on the habits of mosquitoes of Plateau Province, Northern Nigeria, with particular reference to Aedes (Stegomyia) vittatus (Bigot). Bull Entomol Res 52:709–725

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bourguet D, Fonseca D, Vourch G, Dubois MP, Chandre F, Severini C, Raymond M (1998) The acetylcholinesterase gene Ace: a diagnostic marker for Cx. pipiens and Cx. quinquefasciatus forms of the Culex pipiens complex. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 14(4):390–396

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bozicic-Lothrop B (1988) Comparative ecology of Aedes dorsalis complex in the Holarctic. Proc Calif Mosq Control Assoc 56:139–145

    Google Scholar 

  • Bozkov D, Hristova T, Canev I (1969) Stechmücken an der bulgarischen Schwarzmeerküste. Bull Inst Zool 29:151–166

    Google Scholar 

  • Bram RA (1967) Contributions to the mosquito fauna of Southeast Asia. II. The genus Culex in Thailand. (Diptera: Culicidae). Contrib Am Entomol Inst 2(1):1–296

    Google Scholar 

  • Brust RA, Munstermann LE (1992) Morphological and genetical characterization of the Aedes (Ochlerotatus) communis complex (Diptera: Culicidae) in North America. Ann Entomol Soc Am 85(1):1–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brustolin M, Talavera S, Santamaría C, Rivas R, Pujol N, Aranda C, Marquès E, Valle M, Verdún M, Pagès N, Busquets N (2017) Rift Valley fever virus and European mosquitoes: vector competence of Culex pipiens and Stegomyia albopicta (=Aedes albopictus). Med Vet Entomol 31:365–372. https://doi.org/10.1111/mve.12254

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bullini L, Coluzzi M (1982) Evolutionary and taxonomic inferences of electrophoretic studies in mosquitoes. In: Developments in the genetics of diseases vectors. Stipes Publishing Company, Champaign II, pp 465–482

    Google Scholar 

  • Callot J, Delecolle JC (1972) Entomological notes. VI. Septentrional localization of Aedes aegypti. Ann Parasitol Hum Comp 47(4):665

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Calzolari M, Bonilauri P, Bellini R, Albieri A, Defilippo F et al (2013) Usutu virus persistence and West Nile Virus inactivity in the Emilia-Romagna region (Italy) in 2011. PLoS One 8(5):e63978. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0063978

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Calzolari M, Gaibani P, Bellini R, Defilippo F, Pierro A et al (2012) Mosquito, bird and human surveillance of West Nile and Usutu viruses in Emilia-Romagna Region (Italy) in 2010. PLoS One 7(5):e38058. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0038058

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Cameron EC, Wilkerson RC, Mogi M, Miyagi I, Toma T, Kim HC, Fonseca DM (2010) Molecular phylogenetics of Aedes japonicus, a disease vector that recently invaded Western Europe, North America, and the Hawaiian Islands. J Med Entomol 47(4):527–535

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Capelli G, Drago A, Martini S, Montarsi F, Soppelsa M, Delai N et al (2011) First report in Italy of the exotic mosquito species Aedes (Finlaya) koreicus, a potential vector of arboviruses and filariae. Parasit Vectors 4:188

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter SJ, LaCasse WJ (1955) Mosquitoes of North America (north of Mexico). University of California Press, Berkeley, p 360, illus 127pls

    Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter SJ, Nielsen LT (1965) Ovarian cycles and longevity in some univoltine Aedes species in the Rocky Mountains of western United States. Mosq News 25:127–134

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman HC (1960) Observation on Aedes melanimon and Aedes dorsalis in Nevada. Ann Entomol Soc Am 53(6):706–708

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman HC (1962) A survey for autogeny in some Nevada mosquitoes. Mosq News 22:134–136

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman HC, Barr AR (1964) Aedes communis nevadensis, a new subspecies of mosquito from western North America (Diptera: Culicidae). Mosq News 24:439–447

    Google Scholar 

  • Chinaev PP (1964) On the autogenous development of exophilous mosquitoes in Uzbekistan. Zool Zh 43:939–940

    Google Scholar 

  • Christophers SR (1960) Aedes aegypti (L), the yellow fever mosquito. Its life history, bionomics, and structure. Cambridge University Press, New York, pp 739

    Google Scholar 

  • Cianchi R, Urbanelli S, Sabatini A, Coluzzi M, Tordi MP, Bullini L (1980) Due entita riproduttivamente isolate sotto il nombre di Aedes caspius (Diptera, Culicidae). Atti XII Congresso Nazionale Italiane Entomologica, Roma 2:269–272

    Google Scholar 

  • Ciocchetta S, Prow NA, Darbro JM, Frentiu FD, Savino S, Montarsi F et al (2018) The new European invader Aedes (Finlaya) koreicus: a potential vector of chikungunya virus. Pathog Glob Health 2018:1–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Clements AN (1992) The biology of mosquitoes. In: Development, nutrition and reproduction, vol 1. Chapman & Hall, London, pp 509

    Google Scholar 

  • Coluzzi M (1961) Sulla presenza di Culex (Culex) theileri Theobald in Italia centrale, meridionale et in Sicilia. Bull Soc Ent Ital 91:55–57

    Google Scholar 

  • Coluzzi M (1968) Nuove segnalazioni di culicidi in Sicilia. Estratto dal Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana XCVIII, 9–10:126–128

    Google Scholar 

  • Coluzzi M, Sabatini A (1968) Divergenze morfologiche e barriere di sterilita nel complesso Aedes mariae (Diptera: Culicidae). Riv Parassitol 29:49–70

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Coluzzi M, Bianchi-Bullini AP, Bullini L (1976) Speciazione nel complesso mariae del genre Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae). Atti Associazione Genetica Italiana XXI:218–223

    Google Scholar 

  • Coluzzi M, Bullini L (1971) Enzyme variants as markers in the study of precopulatory isolating mechanisms. Nature 231:455–456

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Coluzzi M, Contini C (1962) The larvae and pupae of Mansonia buxtoni (Edwards 1923), (Diptera, Culicidae). Bull Entomol Res 53:215–218

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coluzzi M, di Deco M, Gironi A (1975) Influenza del fotoperiodo sulla scelta del luogo di ovideposizione in Aedes mariae (Diptera, Culicidae). Parasitologia 17:121–130

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coluzzi M, Sabatini A, Bullini L, Ramsdale C (1974) Nuovi dati sulla distribuzione delle specie del complesso mariae del genere Aedes. Riv Parassitol 35:321–330

    Google Scholar 

  • Corbet PS (1964) Autogeny and oviposition in arctic mosquitoes. Nature 203(4945):668

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Corbet PS (1965) Reproduction of mosquitoes in the High Arctic. Proc Int Congr Ent Lond 12:817–818

    Google Scholar 

  • Corbet PS, Danks HV (1975) Egg-laying habits of mosquitoes in the high arctic. Mosq News 35:8–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Cranston PS, Ramsdale CD, Snow KR, White GB (1987) Key to the adults, larvae and pupae of British mosquitoes (Culicidae). Freshw Biol Assoc Sci Publ 48:152

    Google Scholar 

  • Dahl C (1975) Culicidae (Dipt Nematocera) of the Baltic Island of Oland. Ent Tidskr 96(3–4):77–96

    Google Scholar 

  • Dahl C (1984) A SIMCA pattern recognition study in taxonomy: claw shape in mosquitoes (Culicidae, Insecta). Syst Zool 33(4):355–369

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dahl C (1988) Taxonomic studies on Culex pipiens and Culex torrentium. In: Service MW (ed) Biosystematics of Haematophagous Insects, vol 37. Systematics Association by Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp 149–175

    Google Scholar 

  • Dahl C (1997) Diptera Culicidae, mosquitoes. In: Nilsson A (ed) Aquatic insects of North Europe – a taxonomic handbook, vol 12. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark, pp 163–186

    Google Scholar 

  • Dahl C, White GB (1978) Culicidae. In: Illies J (ed) Limnofauna Europaea, 2nd edn. Gustav Fischer/Swets & Zeitlinger B V, Stuttgart and New York/Amsterdam, pp 390–395

    Google Scholar 

  • Dalla Pozza G, Majori G (1992) First record of Aedes albopictus establishment in Italy. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 8(3):318–320

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Danilov VN (1984) Culiseta (Culicella) setivalva Maslov as a synonym of C. (C.) fumipennis Stephens (In Russian). Parazitologiya 18:313–317

    Google Scholar 

  • Danilov VN (1987) Mosquitoes of the subgenus Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae) of the USSR fauna. II. Aedes dahuricus sp. n. (In Russian). Vestn Zool (4):35–41

    Google Scholar 

  • Darsie RF, Samanidou-Voyadjoglou A (1997) Keys for the identification of the mosquitoes of Greece. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 13(3):247–254

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Darsie RF, Ward RA (1981) Identification and geographical distribution of the mosquitoes of North America, North of Mexico. Mosq Syst Suppl 1:1–313

    Google Scholar 

  • Delisle E, Rousseau C, Broche B, Leparc-Goffart I, L’Ambert G, Cochet A, Prat C, Foulongne V, Ferré JB, Catelinois O, Flusin O, Tchernonog E, Moussion IE, Wiegandt A, Septfons A, Mendy A, MoyanoMB LL, Maurel J, Jourdain F, Reynes J, Paty MC, Golliot F (2015) Chikungunya outbreak in Montpellier, France, September to October 2014. Euro Surveill 20(17):21108. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES2015.20.17.21108

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Detinova TS, Smelova VA (1973) The medical importance of mosquitoes of the fauna of the Soviet Union. Med Parazitol (Mosk) 42(4):455–471. (in Russian)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Di Luca M, Toma L, Boccolini D, Severini F, La Rosa G, Minelli G et al (2016) Ecological distribution and CQ11 genetic structure of Culex pipiens complex (Diptera: Culicidae) in Italy. PLoS One 11(1):e0146476. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0146476

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Dobrotworsky NV (1965) The mosquitoes of Victoria (Diptera, Culicidae). Melbourne University Press, Carlton, pp 237

    Google Scholar 

  • Eckstein F (1918) Zur Systematik der einheimischen Stechmücken. 1. vorläufige Mitteilung: die Weibchen. Zbl Bakt, Abt 1, Orig 82:57–68

    Google Scholar 

  • Eckstein F (1920) Zur Systematik der einheimischen Stechmücken. 3. vorläufige Mitteilung: die Männchen. Zbl Bakt, Abt 1, Orig 84:223–240

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards FW (1921) A revision of the mosquitoes of the Palearctic region. Bull Entomol Res 12:263–351

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards FW (1932) Genera Insectorum. Diptera. Fam. Culicidae, Fascicle 194. Desmet-Verteneuil, Imprimeur-Editeur, Bruxelles, pp 258

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards FW (1941) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region. III-Culicine adults and pupae. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp 499

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellis RA, Brust RA (1973) Sibling species delimitation in the Aedes communis (DeGeer) aggregate (Diptera: Culicidae). Can J Zool 51:915–959

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Encinas Grandes A (1982) Taxonomia y biologia de los mosquitos del area Salmantina (Diptera, Culicidae). Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas. Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, pp 437

    Google Scholar 

  • Eritja R, Aranda C, Padros J, Goula M, Lucientes J, Escosa R, Marques E, Caceres F (2000) An annotated checklist and bibliography of the mosquitoes of Spain (Diptera: Culicidae). Eur Mosq Bull 8:10–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Esteves A, Almeida AP, Galao RP, Parreira R, Piedade J, Rodrigues JC, Sousa CA, Novo MT (2005) West Nile virus in southern Portugal, 2004. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 5:410–413

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2018) Weekly updates: 2018 West Nile fever transmission season. https://ecdc.europa.eu/en/west-nile-fever/surveillance-and-disease-data/disease-data-ecdc

  • Failloux AB, Bouattour A, Faraj C, Gunay F, Haddad N, Harrat Z, Jancheska E, Kanani K, Kenawy MA, Kota M, Pajovic I, Paronyan L, Petric D, Sarih M, Sawalha S, Shaibi T, Sherifi K, Sulesco T, Velo E, Gaayeb L, Victoir K, Robert V (2017) Surveillance of arthropod-borne viruses and their vectors in the Mediterranean and Black Sea regions within the MediLabSecure Network. Curr Trop Med Rep 4(1):39–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40475-017-0101-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Farajollahi A, Fonseca DM, Kramer LD, Kilpatrick AM (2011) “Bird biting” mosquitoes and human disease: a review of the role of Culex pipiens complex mosquitoes in epidemiology. Infect Genet Evol 11:1577–1585

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Feng LC (1938) The tree hole species of mosquitoes of Peiping, China. Suppl Chin Med J 2:503–525

    Google Scholar 

  • Flacio E, Lüthy P, Patocchi N, Guidotti F, Tonolla M, Peduzzi R (2004) Primo ritrovamento di Aedes albopictus in Svizzera. Bollettino della Società Ticinese di Scienze Naturali 92:141–142

    Google Scholar 

  • Fonseca DM, Campbell S, Crans WJ, Mogi M, Miyagi I, Toma T, Bullians M, Andreadis TG, Berry RL, Pagac B, Sardelis MR, Wilkerson RC (2001) Aedes (Finlaya) japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae), a newly recognized mosquito in the United States: analyses of genetic variation in the United States and putative source populations. J Med Entomol 38:135–146

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fonseca DM, Keyghobadi N, Malcolm CA, Mehmet C, Schaffner F, Mogi M, Fleischer RC, Wilkerson RC (2004) Emerging vectors in the Culex pipiens complex. Science 303:1535–1538

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fonseca DM, Widdel AK, Hutchinson M, Spichiger SE, Kramer LD (2010) Fine-scale spatial and temporal population genetics of Aedes japonicus, a new US mosquito, reveal multiple introductions. Mol Ecol 19:1559–1572

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Francy DB, Jaenson TGT, Lundström JO, Schildt EB, Espmark A, Henriksson B, Niklasson B (1989) Ecologic studies of mosquitoes and birds as hosts of Ockelbo virus in Sweden, and isolation of Inkoo and Batai viruses from mosquitoes. Am J Trop Med Hyg 41:355–363

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fritz ML, Walker ED, Miller JR, Severson DW, Dworkin I (2015) Divergent host preferences of above- and below-ground Culex pipiens mosquitoes and their hybrid offspring. Med Vet Entomol 29(2):115–123

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Frohne WC (1953) Mosquito breeding in Alaskan salt marshes, with special reference to Aedes punctodes Dyar. Mosq News 13:96–103

    Google Scholar 

  • Fros JJ, Geertsema C, Vogels CB, Roosjen PP, Failloux AB, Vlak JM, Koenraadt CJ, Takken W, Gorben P, Pijlman GP (2015) West Nile virus: high transmission rate in North-Western European mosquitoes indicates its epidemic potential and warrants increased surveillance. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9(7):e0003956

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gabinaud A, Vigo G, Cousserans J, Rioux M, Pasteur N, Croset H (1985) La mammophilie des populations de Culex pipiens pipiens L 1758 dans le Sud de la France;variations de ce caractere en fonction de la nature des biotopes des developpement larvaire, des caracteristiques physio-chimiques de leur eaux et de saisons. Consequences practiques et theoriques. Cah ORSTOM, ser Entomol Med Parasitol 23(2):123–132

    Google Scholar 

  • Gad AM, Farid HA, Ramzy RRM, Riad MB, Presley SM, Cope SE, Hassan MM, Hassan AN (1999) Host feeding of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) associated with the recurrence of Rift Valley fever in Egypt. Med Vet Entomol 36:709–714

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galliard H (1931) Culex brumpti, n. sp. moustique nouveau trouve en Corse. Ann Parasitol Hum Comp 9:134–139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giatropoulos A, Emmanouel N, Koliopoulos G, Michaelakis A (2012) A study on distribution and seasonal abundance of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) population in Athens, Greece. J Med Entomol 49:262–269

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Giatropoulos A, Papachristos DP, Koliopoulos G, Michaelakis A, Emmanouel N (2015) Asymmetric mating interference between two related mosquito species: Aedes(Stegomyia) albopictus and Aedes (Stegomyia) cretinus. PLoS One 10(5):e0127762

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gillett JD (1972) Common African mosquitoes and their medical importance. William Heinemann, London, pp 106

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilot B, Ain G, Pautou G, Gruffaz R (1976) Les Culicides de la Region Rhone-Alpes:bilan de dix annees d’observation. Bull Soc Ent France 81:235–245

    Google Scholar 

  • Gjenero-Margan I, Aleraj B, Krajcar D, Lesnikar V, Klobučar A, Pem-Novosel I, Kurečić-Filipović S, Komparak S, Martić R, Duričić S, Betica-Radić L, Okmadžić J, Vilibić-Čavlek T, Babić-Erceg A, Turković B, Avsić-Županc T, Radić I, Ljubić M, Sarac K, Benić N, Mlinarić-Galinović G (2011) Autochthonous dengue fever in Croatia, August–September 2010. Euro Surveill 16:19805. Available online: http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId = 19805

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gjullin CM, Sailer RI, Stone A, Travis BV (1961) The mosquitoes of Alaska. US Department of Agriculture Handbook No. 182. US Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, pp 1–98

    Google Scholar 

  • Gligic A, Adamovic ZR (1976) Isolation of Tahyna virus from Aedes vexans mosquitoes in Serbia. Mikrobiologija 13(2):119–129

    Google Scholar 

  • Gould EA, Gallian P, De Lamballerie X, Charrel RN (2010) First cases of autochthonous dengue fever and chikungunya fever in France: from bad dream to reality? Clin Microbiol Infect 12:1702–1704

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gould EA, Higgs S (2009) Impact of climate change and other factors on emerging arbovirus diseases. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 130:109–121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grandadam M, Caro V, Plumet S, Thiberge JM, Souares Y, Failloux AB et al (2011) Chikungunya virus, southeastern France. Emerg Infect Dis 17(5):910–913

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Guille G (1975) Recherces eco-ethologiques sur Coquillettidia (Coquillettidia) richiardii (Ficalbi 1889) (Diptera: Culicidae) du littoral Mediterraneen Francais. I.-Techniques d’etude et morphologie. Ann Sci Nat Zool 17:229–272

    Google Scholar 

  • Guille G (1976) Recherces eco-ethologiques sur Coq. richiardii du littoral Mediterraneen Francais. Ann Sci Nat 18:5–112

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunay F, Alten B, Simsek F, Aldemir A, Linton YM (2015) Barcoding Turkish Culex mosquitoes to facilitate arbovirus vector incrimination studies reveals hidden diversity and new potential vectors. Acta Trop 143:112–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.10.013

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gunay F, Picard M, Robert V (2018) MosKeyTool, an interactive identification key for mosquitoes of Euro-Mediterranean. Version 2.1. http://medilabsecure.com/moskeytool. Accessed 01 Aug 2018

  • Gutsevich AV (1977) On polytypical species of mosquitoes (Culicidae). II. Aedes caspius (Pallas 1771). Parazitologiya 11(1):48–51

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gutsevich AV, Dubitzkiy AM (1987) New species of mosquitoes in the fauna of the USSR. Mosq Syst 19:1–92

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutsevich AV, Monchadskii AS, Shtakel’berg AA (1974) Fauna SSSR, Family Culicidae. Leningrad Akad Nauk SSSR Zool Inst N S No 100, English translation: Israel Program for Scientific Translations 3(4):384

    Google Scholar 

  • Hammon WMD, Reeves WC (1945) Recent advances in the epidemiology of the arthropod-borne encephalitides. Am J Public Health Nations Health 35:994–1004

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hammon WMD, Reeves WC, Sather G (1952) California encephalitis virus, a newly described agent. II. Isolations and attempts to identify and characterize the agent. J Immunol 69:493–510

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hara J (1958) On the newly recorded mosquito, Aedes (Aedes) rossicus, D G & M 1930 with the keys to the species belonging subgenus Aedes known from Japan (Diptera: Culicidae). Taxonomical and ecological studies on mosquitoes of Japan (Part 10). Jap J sanit Zool 9:23–27

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harbach RE (1985) Pictorial key to the genera of mosquitoes, subgenera of Culex and the species of Culex (Culex) occurring in southwestern Asia and Egypt, with a note on the subgeneric placement of Culex deserticola (Diptera: Culicidae). Mosq Syst 17(2):83–107

    Google Scholar 

  • Harbach RE (1988) The mosquitoes of the subgenus Culex in southwestern Asia and Egypt (Diptera: Culicidae). Contrib Am Entomol Inst 24(1):1–240

    Google Scholar 

  • Harbach RE (1999) The identity of Culex perexiguus Theobald versus Cx. univittatus Theobald in Southern Europe. Eur Mosq Bull 4:7

    Google Scholar 

  • Harbach RE (2012) Culex pipiens: species versus species complex – taxonomic history and perspective. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 28(4):10–24

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harbach RE, Dahl C, White GB (1985) Culex (Culex) pipiens Linnaeus (Diptera: Culicidae). Concepts, type designations and description. Proc Entomol Soc Wash 87:1–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Harbach RE, Harrison BA, Gad AM (1984) Culex (Culex) molestus Forskal (Diptera: Culicidae): neotype designation, description, variation and taxonomic status. Proc Entomol Soc Wash 86:521–542

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayes RO, Holden P, Mitchell CJ (1971) Effects on ultra-low volume applications of malathion in Hale County, Texas IV. Arbovirus studies. J Med Entomol 8(2):183–188

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hearle E (1926) The mosquitoes of the Lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia and their control. Nat Res Counc Can Rep 17:1–94

    Google Scholar 

  • Hearle E (1929) The life history of Aedes flavescens Müller. Trans R Soc Can Third Ser 23:85–101

    Google Scholar 

  • Hesson JC, Lundström JO, Halvarsson P, Erixon P, Collado A (2010) A sensitive and reliable restriction enzyme assay to distinguish between the mosquitoes Culex torrentium and Culex pipiens. Med Vet Entomol 24:142–149. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2915.2010.00871.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hesson JC, Rettich F, Merdić E, Vignjević G, Ostman O, Schäfer M, Schaffner F, Foussadier R, Besnard G, Medlock J, Scholte EJ, Lundström JO (2014) The arbovirus vector Culex torrentium is more prevalent than Culex pipiens in northern and central Europe. Med Vet Entomol 28(2):179–186. https://doi.org/10.1111/mve.12024

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holick J, Kyle A, Ferraro W, Delaney RR, Iwaseczko M (2002) Discovery of Aedes albopictus infected with West Nile virus in southeastern Pennsylvania. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 18(2):131

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Horsfall RW (1955) Mosquitoes, their bionomics and relation to disease. Ronald Press Co, New York, p S 723

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang YM (1972) Contributions to the mosquito fauna of Southeast Asia. XIV. The subgenus Stegomyia of Aedes in Southeast Asia. I-The scutellaris group of species. Contrib Am Entomol Inst 9(1):1–109

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang YM (1977) Medical entomology studies-VIII. Notes on the taxonomic status of Aedes vittatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Contrib Am Entomol Inst 14(1):113–132

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang YM (1979) Medical entomology studies-XI. The subgenus Stegomyia of Aedes in the oriental region with keys to the species (Diptera: Culicidae). Contrib Am Entomol Inst 15(6):1–79

    Google Scholar 

  • Huber K, Pluskota B, Jöst A, Hoffmann K, Becker N (2012) Status of the invasive species Ochlerotatus japonicus japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae) in South Germany. J Vector Ecol 37(2):462–465

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huber K, Schuldt K, Rudolf M, Marklewitz M, Fonseca DM, Kaufmann C et al (2014) Distribution and genetic structure of Aedes japonicus japonicus populations (Diptera: Culicidae) in Germany. Parasitol Res 113(9):3201–3210

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ishii T (1991) The Culex pipiens complex. An old but new insect pest. SP World, Osaka 18:12–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaenson TGT (1985) Attraction of mammals to male mosquitoes with special reference to Aedes diantaeus in Sweden. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 1(2):195–198

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jaenson TGT, Niklasson B, Henriksson B (1986) Seasonal activity of mosquitoes in an Ockelbo disease endemic area in central Sweden. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2:1):18–1):28

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Joubert ML (1975) L’arbovirose West Nile, zoonose du midi mediterraneen de la France. Bull Acad Natl Med 159(6):499–503

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaiser A, Jerrentrup H, Samanidou-Voyadjoglou A, Becker N (2001) Contribution to the distribution of European mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae): four new country records from northern Greece. Eur Mosq Bull 10:9–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Kalan K, Susnjar J, Ivovic V, Buzan E (2017) First record of Aedes koreicus (Diptera, Culicidae) in Slovenia. Parasitol Res 116:2355–2358

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kampen H, Werner D (2014) Out of the bush: the Asian bush mosquito Aedes japonicus japonicus (Theobald, 1901) (Diptera, Culicidae) becomes invasive. Parasit Vectors 7:59

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kampen H, Kuhlisch C, Fröhlich A, Scheuch DE, Walther D (2016) Occurrence and spread of the invasive Asian bush mosquito Aedes japonicus japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae) in West and North Germany since detection in 2012 and 2013, respectively. PLoS One 11(12):e0167948

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kazantsev BN (1931) Cvetoviye variacii bukharskiyh Aedes caspius. Parazitologicheskiy Sbornik Zoologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR 2:85–90

    Google Scholar 

  • Kilpatrick AM, Kramer LD, Campbell SR, Alleyne EO, Dobson AP, Daszak P (2005) West Nile virus risk assessment and the bridge vector paradigm. Emerg Infect Dis 11(3):425–429

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • King WV, Bradley GH, Smith CN, McDuffie WC (1960) A handbook of the mosquitoes of the southeastern United States. In: Agriculture Handbook, vol 173. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, pp 188

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirchberg E, Petri K (1955) Über die Zusammenhänge zwischen Verbreitung und Überwinterungsmodus bei der Stechmücke Aedes (Ochlerotatus) rusticus Rossi. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Culicidae III Z angew Zool 42:81–94

    Google Scholar 

  • Klobucar A, Merdic E, Benic N, Baklaic Z, Krcmar S (2006) First record of Aedes albopictus in Croatia. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 22(1):147–148

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Knight KL (1951) The Aedes (Ochlerotatus) punctor subgroup in North America (Diptera, Culicidae). Ann Ent Soc Am 41:87–99

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knight KL (1978) Supplement to a catalog of the mosquitoes of the world (Diptera: Culicidae). Thomas Say Found. J Ent Soc Am Suppl 6:107

    Google Scholar 

  • Knight KL, Stone A (1977) A catalog of the mosquitoes of the world (Diptera:Culicidae). 2nd edn. Thomas Say Found. J Ent Soc Am 6:xi+611p

    Google Scholar 

  • Knoz J, Vanhara J (1982) The action of water management regulations in the region of South Moravia on the population of haematophagous arthropods in lowland forests. Scripta Fac Sci Nat Univ Purk Brun 12(7):321–334

    Google Scholar 

  • Kruppa TV (1988) Vergleichende Untersuchungen zur Morphologie und Biologie von drei Arten des Culex pipiens-Komplexes. Ph.D. thesis. University of Hamburg, Hamburg, pp 140

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurucz K, Kiss V, Zana B, Schmieder V, Kepner A, Jakab F et al (2016) Emergence of Aedes koreicus (Diptera: Culicidae) in an urban area, Hungary, 2016. Parasitol Res 115:4687–4689

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • La Ruche G, Souares Y, Armengaud A, Peloux-Petiot F, Delaunay P, Despres P et al (2010) First two autochthonous dengue virus infections in metropolitan France, September 2010. Euro Surveill 15(39):19676

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Labuda M (1969) Aedes (Ochlerotatus) zamitii, member of Aedes mariae complex (Diptera: Culicidae) in Yugoslavia. Bioloski vestnik. Lubljana 2:23–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Laird M, Calder L, Thornton RC, Syme R, Holder PW, Mogi M (1994) Japanese Aedes albopictus among four mosquito species reaching New Zealand in used tires. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 10:14–23

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lambert M, Pasteur N, Rioux J, Delabre-Belmonte A, Balard Y (1990). Aedes caspius (Pallas 1771) et Aedes dorsalis (Meigen 1830) (Diptera: Culicidae)) Analyses morphologique et genetique de deux populations sympatriques. Preuves de l’isolement reproductif. Ann Soc Entomol Fr 26(3):381–398

    Google Scholar 

  • Lane J (1982) Aedes (Stegomyia) cretinus Edwards 1921 (Diptera: Culicidae). Mosq Syst 14:81–85

    Google Scholar 

  • Linthicum KJ, Britch SC, Anyamba A (2016) Rift Valley Fever: an emerging mosquito-borne disease. Annu Rev Entomol 61:395–415

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Luh P, Shih J (1958) New Aedes and Armigeres subspecies from Guangxi (In Chinese). Military Med 1:222–226

    Google Scholar 

  • Lundström JO (1994) Vector competence of western European mosquitoes for arboviruses: a review of field and experimental studies. Bull Soc Vector Ecol 19:23–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Lundström JO (1999) Mosquito-borne viruses in Western Europe: a review. J Vector Ecol 24(1):1–39

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lvov DK (1956) Ueber die Artselbststaendigkeit von Aedes esoensis Yam. (Diptera: Culicidae). Revta Ent URSS 35:929–934

    Google Scholar 

  • Madon MB, Hazelrigg JE, Shaw MW, Kluh S, Mulla MS (2004) Has Aedes albopictus established in California? J Am Mosq Control Assoc 19:298

    Google Scholar 

  • Mara L (1945) Considerazioni sul rinvenimento dell’ Aedes aegypti (Dip. Aedinae) ad altitudini d’eccezione e brevi note sulla fauna culicidica del M. Bizen (Eritrea, A O). Bull Sot It Med Igiene Trop Sez Eritrea V:189–198

    Google Scholar 

  • Marchand E, Prat C, Jeannin C, Lafont E, Bergmann T, Flusin O et al (2013) Autochthonous case of dengue in France, October 2013. Euro Surveill 18(50):20661

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marchi A, Munstermann LE (1987) The mosquitoes of Sardinia: species records 35 years after the malaria eradication campaign. Med Vet Entomol 1:89–96

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marshall JF (1938) The British mosquitoes. Brit Mus (Nat Hist), London, pp 341

    Google Scholar 

  • Marshall JF, Staley J (1933) Theobaldia (Culicella) litorea (Shute) n. sp. (Diptera, Culicidae). Parasitology 25:119–126

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martini E (1926) Über die Steckmücken der Umgebung von. Saratow Arb Biol Wolga-Sta 8:189–227

    Google Scholar 

  • Martini E (1931) Culicidae. In: Linder E (ed) Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region. Stuttguart 11/12:398

    Google Scholar 

  • Martinou AF, Vaux AGC, Bullivant G, Charilaou P, Hadjistyllis H, Shawcross K, Violaris M, Schaffner F, Medlock JM (2016) Rediscovery of Aedes cretinus (Edwards, 1921) (Diptera; Culicidae) in Cyprus, 66 years after the first and unique report. J Eur Mosq Control Assoc 34:10–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Maslov AV (1967) Bloodsucking mosquitoes of the subtribe. Culiseta (Diptera: Culicidae) of the world fauna. Akad Nauk SSSR Opred 93:1–182

    Google Scholar 

  • Mattingly PF (1953) A change of name among the British mosquitoes. Proc R Entomol Soc Lond 22:106–108

    Google Scholar 

  • Mattingly PF (1954) Notes on the subgenus Stegomyia (Diptera: Culicidae), with a description of a new species. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 48(3):259–270

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mattingly PF (1965) The culicine mosquitoes of the Indomalayan area. Part VI: Genus Aedes Meigen, subgenus Stegomyia Theobald (Groups A, B and D). British Museum Natural History, London, pp 67

    Google Scholar 

  • Mattingly PF (1969) The biology of mosquito-borne disease. Elsevier, New York, pp 184

    Google Scholar 

  • Mattingly PF (1970) Mosquito eggs X. Oviposition in Neoculex. Mosq Syst News l2(4):158–159

    Google Scholar 

  • McIntosh BM (1975) Mosquitoes as vectors of viruses in Southern Africa. Dept Agr Techn Services Ent Memoire Pretoria S Afr 3:37

    Google Scholar 

  • McLintock J, Burton AN, McKiel JA, Hall RR, Rempel JG (1970) Known mosquito hosts of western equine virus in Saskatchewan. J Med Entomol 7(4):446–454

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Medlock JM, Hansford KM, Schaffner F, Versteirt V, Hendrickx G, Zeller H, Van Bortel W (2012) A review of the invasive mosquitoes in Europe: ecology, public health risks, and control options. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 12(6):435–447

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Medschid E (1928) Über Aedes lepidonotus Edw und Aedes refiki n.sp. Arch Schiffs u Tropenhyg 32:306–315

    Google Scholar 

  • Messersmith DH (1971) Extension of the distributional range of Aedes triseriatus (Say) to Greenland. Mosq Syst Newslett 3(1):7–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Mihalyi F (1955) Aedes hungaricus n. sp. (Culicidae, Diptera). Ann Hist Nat Mus Nat Hung ser nov, vol 6, pp 343–345

    Google Scholar 

  • Mihalyi F (1959) Die tiergeographische Verteilung der Stechmückenfauna Ungarns. Acta Zool Ent Acad Sci Hung 4:393–403

    Google Scholar 

  • Mihalyi F (1961) Description of the larva of Aedes (Ochlerotatus) hungaricus Mihalyi (Diptera:Culicidae). Acta Zool Acad Sci Hung 7:231–233

    Google Scholar 

  • Milankov V, Petric D, Vujic A, Vapa L, Kerenji A (1998) Variation of the siphonal characters in sympatric populations of Aedes caspius (Pallas 1771) and Aedes dorsalis (Meigen 1830). Eur Mosq Bull 2:20–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Milankov V, Lj V, Petric D (2000) Genetic markers for the identification of Aedes caspius (Pallas 1771) and Ae. dorsalis (Meigen 1830) (Diptera: Culicidae). Biol J Linn Soc 71:53–60

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller BR, Crabtree MB, Savage HM (1996) Phylogeny of fourteen Culex mosquito species, including the Culex pipiens complex, inferred from the internal transcribed spacers of ribosomal DNA. Insect Mol Biol 5(2):93–107

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell CJ (1995) Geographic spread of Aedes albopictus and potential for involvement in arbovirus cycles in the Mediterranean basin. J Vector Ecol 20:44–58

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell CJ, Briegel H (1989) Inability of diapausing Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) to use blood for producing lipid reserves for overwinter survival. J Med Entomol 26(4):318–326

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mohrig W (1969) Die Culiciden Deutschlands. Parasitol Schriftenreihe 18:260

    Google Scholar 

  • Monchadskii AS (1951) The larvae of bloodsucking mosquitoes of the USSR and adjoining countries (Subfam Culicinae). Tabl anal Faune URSS 37:1–383

    Google Scholar 

  • Montarsi F, Drago A, Dal Pont M, Delai N, Carlin S, Cazzin S et al (2014) Current knowledge on the distribution and biology of the recently introduced invasive mosquito Aedes koreicus (Diptera: Culicidae). Firenze (Italy): Atti Accad Naz Ital Entomol 62:169–174

    Google Scholar 

  • Montarsi F, Drago A, Martini S, Calzolari M, De Filippo F, Bianchi A et al (2015) Current distribution of the invasive mosquito species, Aedes koreicus [Hulecoeteomyia koreica] in northern Italy. Parasit Vectors 8:614

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mouchet J, Rageau J, Laumond C, Hannoun C, Beytout D, Oudar J, Corniou B, Chippaux A (1970) Epidemiologie du virus West Nile:etude d’un foyer en Camargue. V. Le vecteur: Culex modestus Ficalbi (Diptera, Culicidae). Ann Inst Pasteur 118:839–855

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moutailler S, Krida G, Schaffner F, Vazeille M, Failloux A-B (2008) Potential vectors of Rift Valley fever virus in the Mediterranean region. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 8:749–754

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Müller P, Suter T, Engeler L, Guidi V, Flacio E, Tonolla M (2016) Nationales Programm zur Überwachung der asiatischen Tigermücke. Zwischenbericht 2015. Basel 2016:22

    Google Scholar 

  • Munoz J, Ruiz S, Soriguer R, Alcaide M, Viana DS et al (2012) Feeding patterns of potential West Nile virus vectors in south-west Spain. PLoS One 7(6):e39549. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0039549

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Munstermann LE, Marchi A, Sabatini A, Coluzzi M (1985) Polytene chromosomes of Orthopodomyia pulcripalpis (Diptera, Culicidae). Parassitologia 27:267–277

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Natvig LR (1948) Contributions to the knowledge of the Danish and Fennoscandian mosquitoes-Culicini. Suppl Norsk Ent Tidsskr I, pp 567

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicolescu G (1998) A general characterisation of the mosquito fauna (Diptera: Culicidae) in the endemic area for West Nile virus in the south of Romania. Eur Mosq Bull 2:13–19

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Donnell KL, Mckenzie AB, Kelsey JM, David SB, Jefferson AV (2017) Potential of a northern population of Aedes vexans (Diptera: Culicidae) to transmit Zika virus. J Med Entomol 54(5):1354–1359. https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjx087

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • O’Meara G, Craig GB Jr (1970) Geographical variation in Aedes atropalpus (Diptera: Culicidae). Ann Entomol Soc Am 63:1392–1400

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Olejnicek J, Zoulova A (1994) Variation in the morphology of male antenna among strains of Culex molestus and C. pipiens mosquitoes. Akaieka Newslett, Japan 16(1):1–4

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Meara GF (1985) Gonotrophic interactions in mosquitoes: kicking the blood-feeding habit. Fla Entomol 68(1):122–133

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Orshan L, Bin H, Schnur H, Kaufman A, Valinsky A, Shulman L, Weiss L, Mendelson E, Pener H (2008) Mosquito vectors of West Nile Fever in Israel. J Med Entomol 45(5):939–947

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pandazis G (1935) La faune des Culicides de Grece. Acta lnst Mus Zool Univ Athens 1:1–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Pasteur N, Rioux JA, Guilvard E, Pech-Perieres MJ, Verdier JM (1977) Existence chez Aedes (Ochlerotatus) detritus (Haliday 1833) (Diptera: Culicidae) de Carmargue de deux formes sympathriques et sexuellement isolees (especes jumelles). Ann Parasitol 52:325–337

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paupy C, Delatte H, Bagny L, Corbel V, Fontenille D (2009) Aedes albopictus, an arbovirus vector: from the darkness to the light. Microbes Infect 11(14–15):1177–1185

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Petrić D (1985) Physiology of hibernating Culex pipiens complex (Diptera, Culicidae) females. Master Thesis (In Serbian). University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad, pp 82

    Google Scholar 

  • Petrić D (1989) Seasonal and diel biting activity of mosquitoes in the Vojvodina Province. Doctoral thesis. Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Yugoslavia, pp 134 (in Serbian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Petrić D, Pajović I, Ignjatović Ćupina A, Zgomba M (2001) Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) new mosquito species (Diptera, Culicidae) in entomofauna of Yugoslavia. Plant Doctor, Novi Sad XXIX 6:457–458

    Google Scholar 

  • Petrić D, Petrović T, Hrnjaković Cvjetković I, Zgomba M, Milošević V, Lazić G, Ignjatović Ćupina A, Lupulović D, Lazić S, Dondur D, Vaselek S, Živulj A, Kisin B, Molnar T, Dj J, Pudar D, Radovanov J, Kavran M, Kovačević G, Plavšić B, Jovanović Galović A, Vidić M, Ilić S, Petrić M (2016) West Nile virus ‘circulation’ in Vojvodina, Serbia: mosquito, bird, horse and human surveillance. Mol Cell Probes 31:28–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcp.2016.10.011

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Petrić D, Zgomba M, Bellini R, Veronesi R, Kaiser A, Becker N (1999) Validation of CO2 trap data in three European regions. In: Proceedings of 3rd Inter Conference Insect Pests in the Urban Environment, Prague, Czech Republic, pp 437–445

    Google Scholar 

  • Petrić D, Zgomba M, Srdić Ž (1986) Physiological condition and mosquito mortality of Culex pipiens complex (Dip.Culicidae) during hibernating time. In: Proc 3rd European Congr Ent Amsterdam, pp 188–189

    Google Scholar 

  • Peus F (1929) Beiträge zur Faunistik und Ökologie der einheimischen. Culiciden I Teil Z Desinfektor 21:76–98

    Google Scholar 

  • Peus F (1930) Bemerkungen über Theobaldia subochrea Edw (Diptera: Culicidae). Mitt dtsch Ent Ges 1:52–60

    Google Scholar 

  • Peus F (1933) Zur Kenntnis der Aedes-Arten des deutschen Faunengebietes (Dipt, Culicidae). Die Weibchen der Aedes communis-Gruppe. Konowia 12:145–159

    Google Scholar 

  • Peus F (1937) Aedes cyprius Ludlow (= A. freyi Edwards) und seine Larve (Dipt: Culicidae). Arch Hydrobiol 31:242–251

    Google Scholar 

  • Peus F (1951) Stechmücken. Die neue Brehm-Bücherei 22:S 80

    Google Scholar 

  • Peus F (1954) Über Stechmücken in Griechenland (Diptera, Culicidae). Bonn Zool Beitr 1:73–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Peus F (1972) Über das Subgenus Aedes sensu stricto in Deutschland. (Diptera, Culicidae). Zool Angew Ent 72(2):177–194

    Google Scholar 

  • Peyton EL (1972) A subgeneric classification of the genus Uranotaenia Lynch Arribalzaga, with a historical review and notes on other categories. Mosq Syst 4(2):16–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Peyton EL, Campbell SR, Candeletti TM, Romanowski M, Crans WJ (1999) Aedes (Finlaya) japonicus japonicus (Theobald), a new introduction into the United States. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 15(2):238–241

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pfitzner WP, Lehner A, Hoffmann D, Czajka C, Becker N (2018) First record and morphological characterisation of Aedes (Hulecoeteomyia) koreicus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Germany. Parasit Vectors 11(1):662. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-3199-4

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Pires CA, Ribeiro H, Capela RA, Ramos H, Da C (1982) Research on the mosquitoes of Portugal (Diptera:Culicidae) VI-The mosquitoes of Alentejo. Ann Inst Hig Med Trop 8:79–102

    Google Scholar 

  • Pluskota B, Storch V, Braunbeck T, Beck M, Becker N (2008) First record of Stegomyia albopicta (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) in Germany. Eur Mosq Bull 26:1–5

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramos Cunha Da H (1983) Contribuicao fara o estudo dos mosquitos limnodendrofilos de Portugal. Garcia de Orta, Serie de Zoologia 11:133–154

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramos Cunha Da H, Lucientes J, Blasco-Zumeta J, Osacar J, Ribeiro H (1998) A new mosquito record for Spain (Diptera: Culicidae). Abstracts of the XIth European SOVE meeting. Acta Parasitologica Portuguesa 5:21

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramos Cunha Da H, Ribeiro H, Pires CA, Capela RA (1978) Research on the mosquitoes of Portugal, (Diptera: Culicidae) II-The mosquitoes of Algarve, 1977/78. Ann Inst Hig Med Trop 5(1–4):238–256

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramsdale CD, Alten B, Caglar SS, Özer N (2001) A revised, annotated checklist of the mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) of Turkey. Eur Mosq Bull 9:18–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramsdale CD, Snow KR (1999) A preliminary checklist of European mosquitoes. Eur Mosq Bull 5:25–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Reeves WC (1990) Epidemiology and control of mosqutio-borne arboviruses in California, 1943–1987. Calif Mosq Vector Control Assoc, Sacramento, CA, pp 508

    Google Scholar 

  • Regner S (1969) Preliminary observation on rockpools in the region of Rovinj. Thalass Jugosl V:283–292

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinert JF (1973) Contributions to the mosquito fauna of Southeast Asia-XVI. Genus Aedes Meigen, subgenus Aedimorphus Theobald in Southeast Asia. Contrib Am Entomol Inst 9(5):1–218

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinert JF (1974) Medical entomology studies-I. A new interpretation of the subgenus Verrallina of the genus Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae). Contrib Am Entomol Inst 11(1):1–249

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinert JF (2000) Assignment of two North American species of Aedes to subgenus Rusticoidus. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 16(3):42–43

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reinert JF, Harbach RE, Kitching IJ (2006) Phylogeny and classification of Finlaya and allied taxa (Diptera: Culicidae: Aedini) based on morphological data of all life stages. The Linnean Society of London. Zool J Linnean Soc 148:1–101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reinert JF, Harbach RE, Kitching IJ (2008) Phylogeny and classification of Ochlerotatus and allied taxa (Diptera: Culicidae: Aedini) based on morphological data from all life stages. Zool J Linnean Soc 153:29–114

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reinert JF, Harbach RE, Kitching IJ (2009) Phylogeny and classification of tribe Aedini (Diptera: Culicidae). Zool J Linnean Soc 157:700–794. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00570.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Remington CL (1945) The feeding habits of Uranotaenia lowii Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae). Entomol News 56(32–37):64–68

    Google Scholar 

  • Rempel JG (1953) The mosquitoes of Saskatchewan. Can J Zool 31:433–509

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rezza G, Nicoletti L, Angelini R, Romi R, Finarelli AC, Panning M et al (2007) Infection with chikungunya virus in Italy: an outbreak in a temperate region. Lancet 370(9602):1840–1846

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro H, Ramos HC, Capela RA, Pires CA (1977) Research on the mosquitoes of Portugal (Diptera: Culicidae) III-Further five new mosquito records. Garcia de Orta Ser Zool Lisboa 6(1–2):51–60

    Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro H, Ramos HC, Capela RA, Pires CA (1989) Research on the mosquitoes of Portugal (Diptera:Culicidae) XI-the mosquitoes of the Beiras. Garcia de Orta Ser Zool Lisboa 1989(1992)n.d 16(1–2):137–161

    Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro H, Ramos HC, Pires CA (1983) Contribuicao para o estudo das filariases animais em Portugal. J Soc Cienc Med Lisb 147(2):143–146

    Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro H, Ramos HC, Pires CA, Capela RA (1988) An annotated checklist of the mosquitoes of continental Portugal (Diptera, Culicidae). In: Actas do III Congresso Ibérico de Entomologia, pp 233–254

    Google Scholar 

  • Richards CS (1956) Aedes melanimon Dyar and related species. Can Entomol 88:261–269

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rioux JA (1958) Les culicides du “Midi” Mediterraneen. Etude systematique et ecologique. Encyc Entomol 35:303

    Google Scholar 

  • Rioux JA, Croset H, Pech-Perieres J, Guilvard E, Belmonte A (1975) L’autogenese chez les dipteres culicides. Ann Parasitol Hum Comp I(1):130–140

    Google Scholar 

  • Rioux JA, Guilvard E, Pasteur N (1998) Description d’Aedes (Ochlerotatus) colluzzi n.sp. (Diptera, Culicidae), especes jumelles a du complexe detritus. Parassitologia 40:353–360

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Romi R (1995) History and updating of the spread of Aedes albopictus in Italy. Parassitologia 37:99–103

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Romi R, Sabatinelli G, Savelli LG, Raris M, Zago M, Malatesta R (1997) Identification of a North American mosquito species, Aedes atropalpus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Italy. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 13(3):245–246

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rosen L (1986) Dengue in Greece in 1927 and 1928 and the pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever: new data and a different conclusion. Am J Trop Med Hyg 35:642–653

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saenz VL, Townsend LH, Vanderpool RM, Schardein MJ, Trout RT, Brown GC (2006) Ochlerotatus japonicus japonicus in the state of Kentucky. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 22:754–755

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Samanidou A (1998) Aedes cretinus: is it a threat to the Mediterranean countries? Eur Mosq Bull 1:8

    Google Scholar 

  • Samanidou A, Harbach RE (2003) Culex (Culex) tritaeniorhynchus Giles, a newly discovered potential vector of arboviruses in Greece. Mosq Bull 16:15–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Samanidou Voyadjoglou A, Darsie FR Jr (1993) New country records for mosquito species in Greece. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 9(4):465–466

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Samanidou Voyadjoglou A, Patsoula E, Spanakos G, Vakalis NC (2005) Confirmation of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) in Greece. Eur Mosq Bull 19:10–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Sardelis MR, Dohm JD, Pagac B, Andre RG, Turell MJ (2002a) Experimental transmission of eastern equine encephalitis virus by Ochlerotatus j. japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol 39:480–484

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sardelis MR, Turell MJ (2001) Ochlerotatus j. japonicus in Frederick County, Maryland: discovery, distribution, and vector competence for West Nile virus. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 17:137–141

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sardelis MR, Turell MJ, Andre RG (2002b) Laboratory transmission of La Crosse virus by Ochlerotatus j. japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol 39:635–639

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sardelis MR, Turell MJ, Andre RG (2003) Experimental transmission of St. Louis encephalitis virus by Ochlerotatus j. japonicus. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 19:159–162

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schäfer M, Storch V, Kaiser A, Beck M, Becker N (1997) Dispersal behavior of adult snow melt mosquitoes in the Upper Rhine Valley, Germany. J Vector Ecol 22(1):1–5

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schaffner F (1998) A revised checklist of the French Culicidae. Eur Mosq Bull 2:1–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaffner F, Bouletreau B, Guillet B, Guilloteau J, Karch S (2001) Aedes albopictus established in metropolitan France. Eur Mosq Bull 9:1–3

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaffner F, Chouin S (2003) First record of Aedes (Finlaya) japonicus japonicus (Theobald, 1901) in metropolitan France. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 19(1):1–5

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schaffner F, Van Bortel W, Coosemans M (2004) First record of Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus in Belgium. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 20:201–203

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schaffner F, Kaufmann C, Hegglin D, Mathis A (2009) The invasive mosquito Aedes japonicus in Central Europe. Med Vet Entomol 23:448–451

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schaffner F, Vazeille M, Kaufmann C, Failloux A, Mathis A (2011) Vector competence of Aedes japonicus for chikungunya and dengue viruses. Eur Mosq Bull 29:141–142

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaffner F (2003) Mosquitoes in used tyres in Europe: species list and larval key. Eur Mosq Bull 16:7–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaffner F, Mathis A (2014) Dengue and dengue vectors in the WHO European Region: past, present, and scenarios for the future. Lancet Infect Dis 14(12):1271–1280. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70834-5

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scherpner C (1960) Zur Ökologie und Biologie der Stechmücken des Gebietes von Frankfurt am Main (Diptera, Culicidae). Mitt Zool Mus Berlin 36:49–99

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt-Chanasit J, Haditsch M, Schöneberg I, Günther S, Stark K, Frank C (2010) Dengue virus infection in a traveller returning from Croatia to Germany. Euro Surveill 15(40). https://doi.org/10.2807/ese.15.40.19677-en. http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=19677

  • Schneider K (2011) Breeding of Ochlerotatus japonicus japonicus 80 km north of its known range in southern Germany. Eur Mosq Bull 29:129–132

    Google Scholar 

  • Scholte EJ, Schaffner F (2007) Waiting for the tiger: establishment and spread of the Aedes albopictus mosquito in Europe. In: Takken W, BGJ K (eds) Emerging pests and vector-borne diseases in Europe, Ecology and control of vector-borne diseases, vol 1. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, The Netherlands., pp 499, pp 241–260

    Google Scholar 

  • Scholte EJ, Hartog WD, Braks M, Reusken C, Dik M, Hessels A (2009) First report of a North American invasive mosquito species Ochlerotatus atropalpus (Coquillett) in the Netherlands. Euro Surveill 14(45):19400. https://doi.org/10.2807/ese.14.45.19400-en

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scholte E-J, Jacobs F, Linton YM, Dijkstra E, Fransen J, Takken W (2007) First record of Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus in the Netherlands. Eur Mosq Bull 22:5–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Schutz SJ, Eldridge BF (1993) Biogeography of the Aedes (Ochlerotatus) communis species complex (Diptera: Culicidae) in the western United States. Mosq Syst 25:170–176

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott JJ (2003) The ecology of the exotic mosquito Aedes (Finlaya) japonicus japonicus (Theobald 1901) (Diptera: Culicidae) and an examination of its role in the West Nile virus cycle in New Jersey. PhD dissertation. Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick

    Google Scholar 

  • Seguy E (1924) Les moustiques de l’ Afrique Mineure, de l’Egypte et de la Syrie I. Encycl Ent (A) Paris 1:1–257

    Google Scholar 

  • Seidel B, Nowotny N, Bakonyi T, Allerberger F, Schaffner F (2016) Spread of Aedes japonicus japonicus (Theobald, 1901) in Austria, 2011–2015, and first records of the subspecies for Hungary, 2012, and the principality of Liechtenstein, 2015. Parasit Vectors 9:356

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Senevet G, Andarelli L (1959) Les moustiques de l. Afrique du Nord et du Bassin Mediterraneen Encyc Ent A 37:1–383

    Google Scholar 

  • Service MW (1968c) Observations on feeding and oviposition in some British mosquitoes. Entomol Exp Appl 11:277–285

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Service MW (1970a) Studies on the biology and taxonomy of Aedes (Stegomyia) vittatus (Bigot) (Diptera: Culicidae) in northern Nigeria. Trans R Ent Soc Lond 122:101–143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Service MW (1970b) The taxonomy and distribution of two sibling mosquitoes, Culiseta morsitans (Theobald) and C. litorea (Shute). J Nat Hist 4:481–491

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Service MW (1968a) The ecology of the immature stages of Aedes detritus (Diptera: Culicidae). J Appl Ecol 5:613–630

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Service MW (1968b) The taxonomy and biology of two sympatric sibling species of Culex, C. pipiens and C. torrentium (Diptera: Culicidae). J Zool (Lond) 156:313–323

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Service MW (1969) Observations on the ecology of some British mosquitoes. Bull Entomol Res 59:161–194

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Service MW (1971) The daytime distribution of mosquitoes resting amongst vegetation. J Med Entomol 8:271–278

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shaikevich EV, Vinogradova EB, Bouattour A, Almeida APG (2016) Genetic diversity of Culex pipiens mosquitoes in distinct populations from Europe: contribution of Cx. quinquefasciatus in Mediterranean populations. Parasit Vectors 9:47. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-016-1333-8

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Shaikevich EV, Vinogradova EB (2014) The discovery of a hybrid population of mosquitoes of the Culex pipiens L. complex (Diptera, Culicidae) on the Kos Island (Greece) by means of molecular markers. Entomol Rev 94:35–39

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shannon RC, Hadjinicolaou J (1937) Greek Culicidae which breed in tree-holes. Acta Instituti et Musei Zoologici Universitatis Atheniensis Tom I, Fasc 8:173–178

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaw FR, Maisey SA (1961) The biology and distribution of the rockpool mosquito, Aedes atropalpus (Coq.). Mosq News 24:12–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Shestakov VI, Mikheeva AL (1966) Contribution to study of Japanese encephalitis vectors in Primorye region. Med Parazitol 35:545–550

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shtakelberg AA (1937) Faune de l’URSS. Insectes, Dipteres Fam Culicidae (Subfam Culicinae). Moskva AN SSSR 3(4):257

    Google Scholar 

  • Shute PG (1928) A new variety of Culicella morsitans (Theobald) (Diptera). Entomologist 61:186

    Google Scholar 

  • Shute PG (1933) The life-history and habits of British mosquitoes in relation to their control by anti-larval operations. J Trop Med Hyg 36:83–88

    Google Scholar 

  • Sicart M (1940) Note sur la presence de Culex (Culiciomyia) impudicus Ficalbi en Tunisie. Arch Inst Pasteur Tunis 29:471–474

    Google Scholar 

  • Sicart M (1951) Note sur la presence de Culex mimeticus Noe 1899, en Tunisie. Bull Soc Sci Nat Tunisie 4:60–61

    Google Scholar 

  • Sirivanakarn S (1976) Medical entomology studies-III. A revision of the subgenus Culex in the Oriental region (Diptera: Culicidae). Contrib Am Entomol Inst 12(2):1–272

    Google Scholar 

  • Sirivanakarn S, White GB (1978) Neotype designation of Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae). Proc Entomol Soc Wash 80:360–372

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith KGV (1973) Insects and other arthropods of medical significance. British Museum Natural History, London, pp 561

    Google Scholar 

  • Snow KR (1985) A note on the spelling of the name Orthopodomyia pulcripalpis (Rondani, 1872). Mosq Syst 17:361–362

    Google Scholar 

  • Snow KR, Ramsdale CD (1999) Distribution chart for European mosquitoes. Eur Mosq Bull 3:14–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Spielman A (1971) Bionomics of autogenous mosquitoes. Annu Rev Entomol 16:231–248

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Succo T, Leparc-Goffart I, Ferré J, Roiz D, Broche B, Maquart M, Noel H, Catelinois O, Entezam F, Caire D, Jourdain F, Esteve- Moussion I, Cochet A, Paupy C, Rousseau C, Paty M, Golliot F (2016) Autochthonous dengue outbreak in Nîmes, South of France, July to September 2015. Euro Surveill 21(21):30240. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.21.30240

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sucharit S, Surathin K, Shrestha SR (1989) Vectors of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV): species complexes of the vectors. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 20:611–621

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sudia WD, Newhouse VF, Calisher CH, Chamberlain RW (1971) California group arboviruses: isolations from mosquitoes in North America. Mosq News 31(4):576–600

    Google Scholar 

  • Suter T, Flacio E, Farina BF, Engeler L, Tonolla M, Müller P (2015) First report of the invasive mosquito species Aedes koreicus in the Swiss-Italian border region. Parasit Vectors 8:402

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka K, Mizusawa K, Saugstad ES (1975) A new species of the genus Aedes (Aedes) from Japan, with synonymical notes on Japanese species of the subgenus Aedes (Diptera, Culicidae). Mosq Syst 7(1):41–58

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka K, Mizusawa K, Saugstad ES (1979) A revision of the adult and larval mosquitoes of Japan (including the Ryukyu Archipelago and the Ogasawara islands) and Korea (Diptera: Culicidae). Contrib Am Entomol Inst Ann Harbor 16:1–987

    Google Scholar 

  • Tiawsirisup S, Platt KB, Evans RB, Rowley WA, Platt KB (2008) Vector competence of Aedes vexans (Diptera: Culicidae) for West Nile virus and potential as an enzootic vector. J Med Entomol 45:452–457

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thielman A, Hunter FF (2006) Establishment of Ochlerotatus japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Ontario, Canada. J Med Entomol 43:38–142

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Torres Canamares F (1951) Una nueva especie de Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae). Eos, Madrid 27:79–92

    Google Scholar 

  • Traavik T, Mehl R, Wiger R (1985) Mosquito-borne arboviruses in Norway: further isolations and detection of antibodies to California encephalitis viruses in human, sheep and wildlife sera. J Hyg Camb 94:111–122

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Trpis M (1962) Ökologische Analyse der Stechmückenpopulationen in der Donautiefebene in der Tschecheslowakei. Biologicke Prace 8:1–115

    Google Scholar 

  • Turell MJ, Dohm DJ, Sardelis MR, O’Guinn ML, Andreadis TG, Blow JA (2005) An update on the potential of North American mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) to transmit West Nile virus. J Med Entomol 42:57–62

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Turell MJ, O’Guinn ML, Dohm DJ, Jones JW (2001) Vector competence of North America mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) for West Nile virus. J Med Entomol 38:130–134

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Turell MJ, Presley SM, Gad AM, Cope SE, Dohm DJ, Morril JC, Arthur RR (1996) Vector competence of Egyptian mosquitoes for Rift Valley Fever virus. J Trop Med Hyg 54:136–139

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Veronesi R, Gentile G, Carrieri M, Maccagnani B, Stermieri L, Bellini R (2012) Seasonal pattern of daily activity of Aedes caspius, Aedes detritus, Culex modestus, and Culex pipiens in the Po Delta of northern Italy and significance for vector-borne disease risk assessment. J Vector Ecol 37(1):49–61

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Versteirt V, De Clercq EM, Fonseca DM, Pecor J, Schaffner F, Coosemans M et al (2012) Bionomics of the established exotic mosquito species Aedes koreicus in Belgium, Europe. J Med Entomol 49(6):1226–1232

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Versteirt V et al (2009) Arrival and acclimatisation of the exotic mosquito species Aedes koreicus in Belgium, European Mosquito vectors Disease: spatial biodiversity, drivers of change, and risk. Final Report. Belgian Sci Policy, Brussels, pp 131

    Google Scholar 

  • Vinogradova EB (2003) Ecophysiological and morphological variations in mosquitoes of the Culex pipiens complex (Diptera: Culicidae). Acta Soc Zool Bohem 67:41–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Vinogradova EB, Shaikevich EV, Ivanitsky AV (2007) A study of the distribution of the Culex pipiens complex (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes in the European part of Russia by molecular methods of identification. Compar Cytogenet 1:129–138

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogel R (1933) Zur Kenntnis der Stechmücken Württembergs. II Teil. J Ver vaterl Naturkd Württ 89:175–186

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogel R (1940) Zur Kenntnis der Stechmücken Württembergs. III Teil. Jh Ver vaterl Naturkd Württ 96:97–116

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallis RC, Taylor RM, Henderson JR (1960) Isolation of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus from Aedes vexans from Connecticut. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 103:442–444

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ward RA (1984) Second supplement to “A catalog of the mosquitoes of the world” (Diptera: Culicidae). Mosq Syst 16:227–270

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward RA (1992) Third supplement to “A catalog of the mosquitoes of the world” (Diptera: Culicidae). Mosq Syst 24:177–230

    Google Scholar 

  • Waterston J (1918) On the mosquitoes of Macedonia. Bull Entomol Res 9:1–2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watts DM, Pantuwatana S, DeFoliart GR, Yuill TM, Thompson WH (1973) Transovarial transmission of La Crosse virus (California encephalitis group) in the mosquito, Aedes triseriatus. Science 182:1140–1141

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weitzel T, Braun K, Collado A, Jöst A, Becker N (2011) Distribution and frequency of Culex pipiens and Culex torrentium (Culicidae) in Europe and diagnostic allozyme markers. Eur Mosq Bull 29:22–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Weitzel T, Collado A, Jöst A, Pietsch K, Storch V, Becker N (2009) Genetic differentiation of populations within the Culex pipiens Complex and phylogeny of related species. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 25:6–17

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weitzel T, Schäfer M, Dahl C, Becker N (1998) Studies on the species complex of Aedes communis s.l. by protein electrophoresis. Acta Parasitol Port Lisboa 5(1):27

    Google Scholar 

  • Werner D, Zielke DE, Kampen H (2016) First record of Aedes koreicus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Germany. Parasitol Res 115(3):1331–1334

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wesenberg-Lund C (1921) Contributions to the biology of the Danish Culicidae. Kdanske vidensk Selsk Nat Math Afd 8(7):1–210

    Google Scholar 

  • Williges E, Farajollahi A, Scott JJ, McCuiston LJ, Crans WC, Gaugler R (2008) Laboratory colonisation of Aedes japonicus. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 24:591–593

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wood DM, Dang PT, Ellis RA (1979) The mosquitoes of Canada (Diptera: Culicidae). Series: The insects and arachnidae of Canada. Biosystematics Res Inst Canada, Dept Agr Publ 1686, 6:390

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood DM (1977) Notes on the identities of some common nearctic Aedes mosquitoes. Mosq News 37:71–81

    Google Scholar 

  • Yunicheva YU, Ryabova TE, Markovich NY et al (2008) First data on the presence of breeding populations of the Aedes aegypti L. mosquito in Greater Sochi and various cities of Abkhazia. Med Parazitol Parazit Biol 3:40–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Zavortink TJ (1968) Mosquito studies (Diptera: Culicidae) VIII. A prodrome of the genus Orthopodomyia. Contrib Am Entomol Inst 3(2):1–221

    Google Scholar 

  • Zielke DE, Walther D, Kampen H (2016) Newly discovered population of Aedes japonicus japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Upper Bavaria, Germany, and Salzburg, Austria, is closely related to the Austrian/Slovenian bush mosquito population. Parasit Vectors 9:163

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

    Norbert Becker

  2. Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia

    Dušan Petrić & Marija Zgomba

  3. The Pest Management Consultancy, Haverhill, UK

    Clive Boase

  4. Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Minoo B. Madon

  5. Uppsala University EMA, Uppsala, Sweden

    Christine Dahl

  6. German Mosquito Control Association (KABS), Speyer, Germany

    Achim Kaiser

Authors
  1. Norbert Becker
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Dušan Petrić
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Marija Zgomba
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Clive Boase
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Minoo B. Madon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Christine Dahl
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Achim Kaiser
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Becker, N. et al. (2020). Subfamily Culicinae. In: Mosquitoes. Fascinating Life Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11623-1_10

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation