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Bioactive Lipids in Health and Disease pp 39–57Cite as

Understanding Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors: From the Structure to the Regulatory Actions on Metabolism

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Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1127))

Abstract

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are multi-domains proteins, belonging to the superfamily of nuclear receptors, which mainly act as ligand-activated transcription factors. A variety of lipophilic molecules, including long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and eicosanoids, are capable of binding to PPAR, although the nature of the physiological ligands is still under debate. PPARs regulate the expression of a set of genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism as well as in the control of inflammatory responses. Herein we review the main molecular and cellular events associated with the activation of PPARs and their effects on metabolism.

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Abbreviations

15d-PGJ2 :

15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandinJ2

AF1 and AF2:

Activation function 1 and 2

AP-1:

Activating protein-1

BCL-6:

B-cell lymphoma 6 protein

C/EBPα and C/EBPβ:

CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α and β

CBP:

CREB-binding protein

DBD:

DNA-binding domain

DR1:

Direct repeat-1

FA:

Fatty acid

FATP-1:

Fatty acid transport protein-1

FGF21:

Fibroblastic growth factor 21

FoxO1:

Forkhead box O1

Glut4:

Glucose transporter type 4

H12:

Helix 12

HDL:

High density lipoprotein

HETE:

Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid

HMGCS:

Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase

HODE:

Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid

LBD:

Ligand-binding domain

L-FABP:

Liver fatty acid binding protein

LPL:

Lipoprotein lipase

LXR:

Liver X receptor

N-CoR:

Nuclear receptor co-repressor

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor-kappa B

NR:

Nuclear receptors

PDK4:

Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4

Pgtz:

Pioglitazone

PPARs:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors

PPRE:

Peroxisome proliferator response elements

PUFA:

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids

Rgtz:

Rosiglitazone

RXR:

Retinoid X receptor

SMRT:

Silencing mediator of retinoid and thyroid signalling

SRC:

Steroid receptor co-activator

STAT3:

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3

TAGs:

Triacylglycerides

TZD:

Thiazolidinedione

VLDL:

Very low density lipoprotein

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Mauricio Castellano for his assistance with the preparation of figures. This work was supported by the Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación (ANII) and Programa de Desarrollo de Ciencias Básicas (PEDECIBA, Uruguay).

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  1. Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias/Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay

    María Lamas Bervejillo & Ana María Ferreira

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  1. María Lamas Bervejillo
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  2. Ana María Ferreira
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Correspondence to Ana María Ferreira .

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  1. Departamento de Bioquímica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay

    Andres Trostchansky

  2. Departamento de Bioquímica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay

    Homero Rubbo

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Lamas Bervejillo, M., Ferreira, A.M. (2019). Understanding Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors: From the Structure to the Regulatory Actions on Metabolism. In: Trostchansky, A., Rubbo, H. (eds) Bioactive Lipids in Health and Disease. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1127. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11488-6_3

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