Abstract
The direct fundoscopy examination procedure involves interpreting the intricate anatomy of the eye when viewed through the lens of an ophthalmoscope. Mastering this procedure is difficult, and it requires extensive training that still employs instructional materials including pictures, illustrations, videos, and more recently, interactive computer-generated models. With the goal of adding realism to eye fundus training and overcoming the limitations of traditional media, the simulators employing manikin heads can be used. Such simulations utilize interchangeable pictures and embedded displays that allow the presentation of various eye conditions. Modern simulators include immersive technologies such as virtual reality and augmented reality that are providing innovative training opportunities. Unfortunately, current high end virtual and augmented reality simulation is quite expensive and for more adequate experience, it engages only single trainee at a time. This paper addresses the question of whether lower end simulation systems could provide comparable training experiences at an affordable cost. With respect to this, we discuss the design and development of two augmented reality systems for eye fundus examination training employing low-cost mobile platforms. We conclude with reporting that some preliminary results of the experimental use of the systems include usability perception feedback and comparisons with the Eyesi simulator.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Yusuf, I., Salmon, J., & Patel, C. (2015). Direct ophthalmoscopy should be taught to undergraduate medical studentsyes. Eye, 29(8), 987.
Clark, V. L., & Kruse, J. A. (1990). Clinical methods: The history, physical, and laboratory examinations. Journal of the American Medical Association, 264(21), 2808–2809.
Barsom, E., Graafland, M., & Schijven, M. (2016). Systematic review on the effectiveness of augmented reality applications in medical training. Surgical Endoscopy, 30(10), 4174–4183.
Androwiki, J. E., Scravoni, I. A., Ricci, L. H., Fagundes, D. J., & Ferraz, C. A. (2015). Evaluation of a simulation tool in ophthalmology: Application in teaching funduscopy. Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia, 78(1), 36–39.
Ricci, L. H., & Ferraz, C. A. (2017). Ophthalmoscopy simulation: Advances in training and practice for medical students and young ophthalmologists. Advances in Medical Education and Practice, 8, 435.
Zendejas, B., Wang, A. T., Brydges, R., Hamstra, S. J., & Cook, D. A. (2013). Cost: The missing outcome in simulation-based medical education research: A systematic review. Surgery, 153(2), 160–176.
Ricci, L. H., & Ferraz, C. A. (2014). Simulation models applied to practical learning and skill enhancement in direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy: A review. Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia, 77(5), 334–338.
Perkins, G. D. (2007). Simulation in resuscitation training. Resuscitation, 73(2), 202–211.
Ting, D. S. W., Sim, S. S. K. P., Yau, C. W. L., Rosman, M., Aw, A. T., & San Yeo, I. Y. (2016). Ophthalmology simulation for undergraduate and postgraduate clinical education. International Journal of Ophthalmology, 9(6), 920
Mackay, D. D., & Garza, P. S. (2015). Ocular fundus photography as an educational tool. Seminars in Neurology, 35(5), 496–505.
Borgersen, N. J., Henriksen, M. J. V., Konge, L., Sørensen, T. L., Thomsen, A. S. S., & Subhi, Y. (2016). Direct ophthalmoscopy on youtube: Analysis of instructional youtube videos content and approach to visualization. Clinical Ophthalmology, 10, 1535.
Wallace, B. S., & Sabates, N. R. (2013). Simulation in ophthalmology. Missouri Medicine, 110(2), 152–153.
Kagaku, K. (2018). M82 eye examination simulator. Retrieved August 7, 2018 from http://www.kyotokagaku.com/products/detail01/m82.html.
VRmagic. (2018). Eyesi by vrmagic: Direct ophthalmoscope simulator. Retrieved August 7, 2018 from https://www.vrmagic.com/simulators/simulators/eyesir-direct-ophthalmoscope/.
Gagnon, L., Lalonde, M., Beaulieu, M., & Boucher, M.C. (2001). Procedure to detect anatomical structures in optical fundus images. In Medical imaging 2001: Image processing (Vol. 4322, pp. 1218–1226). International Society for Optics and Photonics.
PTC, V. (2018). Vuforia. Retrieved August 7, 2018 from https://vuforia.com/.
Brooke, J., et al. (1996). SUS-A quick and dirty usability scale. Usability Evaluation in Industry, 189(194), 4–7.
Sauro, J. (2011). Practical guide to the system usability scale: Background, benchmarks & I. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Acosta, D. et al. (2019). Mobile e-Training Tools for Augmented Reality Eye Fundus Examination. In: Auer, M., Tsiatsos, T. (eds) Mobile Technologies and Applications for the Internet of Things. IMCL 2018. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 909. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11434-3_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11434-3_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-11433-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-11434-3
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)