Abstract
This opening chapter introduces the idea of social machines. The metaphor of a machine is introduced, and it is explained how it applies to social groups connected through digitally networked technologies, ubiquitous devices and large quantities of data. Social machines enable mechanistic explanations of social phenomena, without the reductionist claim that these social groups are determined by the technology. Building blocks of the social machines concept are enumerated and described, including heterogeneous human-computer networks, social computing, communication, platforms and communities, ecosystems of social machines, dynamics of networks and various ethical concepts. Examples of social machines are introduced, including Wikipedia, citizen science social machines such as Zooniverse and Eyewire, healthcare social machines and Pokémon Go! After considering ways of classifying social machines, and contrasting social machines with similar concepts such as crowdsourcing and social computing, it is argued that producing a definition of social machines would be counterproductive, such is the fluidity of the concept and its social and technical contexts. Instead, the book will consider how technologically enabled social groups can be studied through a social machine lens.
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Notes
- 1.
Thanks to Ian Brown for discovering this reference.
- 2.
Thanks to Peter Buneman for this idea; we draw upon his unpublished work in this section, and also in Chapter 2.
- 3.
Thanks to Susan Halford for this quote.
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Shadbolt, N., O’Hara, K., De Roure, D., Hall, W. (2019). Characterising Social Machines. In: The Theory and Practice of Social Machines. Lecture Notes in Social Networks. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10889-2_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10889-2_1
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Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-10888-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-10889-2
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)