Skip to main content

A More Comprehensive Perspective in Understanding the Development and Learning in Dual Language Learners

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Dual Language Education: Teaching and Leading in Two Languages

Part of the book series: Language Policy ((LAPO,volume 18))

  • 859 Accesses

Abstract

Millions of children around the globe are acquiring more than one language in their homes and in early care and education (ECE) settings as a consequence of migration and other social/political processes that generate “minority/majority” situations. Growing up within a minority/majority language situation carries a set of particular circumstances that may result in a developmental pathway for these children that differs from that of monolingual children who are part of the majority or dominant language group. A conceptual framework is proposed that provides a more comprehensive understanding of the difficulties that arise from the interaction of presumably universal development and manifestly variable socio-culture experiences of these children and students. The conceptual framework proposed in this chapter reflects a concern about the way in which current research, policy and educational practice addresses the development of dual language learners (DLLs) – young children, birth to age five, who are learning a majority language as their second language, while acquiring a minority language as their first language.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    When referring to young children aged birth to 8 in their homes, communities, or early care and education programs, this I use the term “dual language learners” or “DLLs.” This is consistent with definition adopted by the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine’s 2017 report focusing on research practice and policy from birth to grade 12 (Takanishi & Le Menestrel, 2017).

References

  • Allen, L., & Kelly, B. B. (2015). Professional learning for the early care and education workforce. Washington, DC: National Research Council.

    Google Scholar 

  • Artiles, A. J. (2003). Special education’s changing identity: Paradoxes and dilemmas in views of culture and space. Harvard Educational Review, 73, 164–202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Artiles, A. J., & Klingner, J. K. (2006). Forging a knowledge base on English language learners with special needs. Teachers College Record, 108, 2187–2194.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Asian American Legal Defense Fund. (2008). Left in the margins: Asian Americans students and the no child left behind act. New York, NY: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • August, D., & Hakuta, K. (1997). Improving schooling for language-minority children: A research agenda. Washington, DC: National Research Council, Institute of Medicine, National Academy Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnett, W. S., Yarosz, D. J., Thomas, J., & Blanco, D. (2006). Two-way and monolingual English immersion in preschool education: An experimental comparison. New Brunswick, NJ: National Institute for Early Education Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnett, W. S., Yarosz, D. J., Thomas, J., & Blanco, D. (2007). Two-way and monolingual English immersion in preschool education: An experimental comparison. New Brunswick, NJ: National Institute for Early Education Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bean, F. D., Brown, S. K., & Bachmeier, J. (2015). Parents without papers: The progress and pitfalls of Mexican American Integration. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowerman, B. T., Donovan, S. M., & Burns, M. S. (2000). Eager to learn: Educating our preschoolers. National Research Council, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bransford, J. D., Brown, A., & Cocking, R. R. (1999). How people learn. National Research Council.

    Google Scholar 

  • California Department of Education. (2010). Improving education for English learners: Research-based approaches. Standards, Curriculum Frameworks and Instructional Resources Division.

    Google Scholar 

  • Castro, D. (2014). The development of early care and education of dual language learners: Examining the state of the knowledge. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 29, 693–698.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Castro, D. C., Páez, M. M., Dickinson, D. K., & Frede, E. (2011). Promoting language and literacy in young dual language learners: Research, practice, and policy. Child Development Perspectives, v5 n1: 15-21

    Google Scholar 

  • Conboy, B. T., & Kuhl, P. K. (2011). Impact of second language experience in infancy: Brain measures of first and second language speech perception. Developmental Science, 14, 242–248.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Conboy, B. T., & Mills, D. L. (2006). Two languages, one developing brain: Effects of vocabulary size on bilingual toddlers’ event-related potentials to auditory words. Developmental Science, 9(1), F1–F11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Delgado-Gaitan, C. (2004). Involving Latino families in schools: Raising student achievement through home-school partnerships. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dudley-Marling, C., & Lucas, K. (2009). Pathologizing the language and culture of poor children. Language Arts, 86(5), 77–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Durán, L., Roseth, C., & Hoffman, P. (2010). An experimental study comparing English-only and transitional bilingual education on Spanish-speaking preschoolers’ early literacy development. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 25(2), 207–217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • García, E. E. (2005). Teaching and learning in two languages: Bilingualism and schooling in the United States. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • García, E.E., & Cuellar, D. (2006). Who are these linguistically and culturally diverse students? Teachers College Record, 108(11), 2220–2246.

    Google Scholar 

  • García, E., & Markos, A. (2015). Early childhood education and dual language learners. In W. E. Wright, S. Boun, & O. Garcia (Eds.), The handbook of bilingual and multilingual education. Malden, MA: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • García, E., & Náñez, J. (2011). Bilingualism and cognition: Joining cognitive psychology and education to enhance bilingual research, pedagogy and policy. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • García, E. E., & Náñez, J. (2012). Bilingualism and cognition: Joining cognitive psychology and education to enhance bilingual research, pedagogy and policy. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • García, E., Wiese, A.-M., & Cuéllar, D. (2013) Language, public policy, and schooling. In R. R. Valencia (Ed.), Chicano school failure and success: Past, present, and future (3rd ed., pp. 143–159). New York, NY: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • García, E. E., & Garcia, E. H. (2012). Understanding the language development and early education of hispanic children. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Genessee, F., Lindholm-Leary, K., Sanders, B., & Christian, D. (2006). Educating English language learners: A synthesis of research evidence. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Goldman, S., & Pellegrino, J. W. (2015). Research on learning and instruction: Implications for curriculum, instruction and assessment. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 2(1), 33–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez, N., Moll, L., & Amanti, C. (2005). Funds of knowledge: Theorizing practices in households, communities, and classrooms. Mahwah, NJ: Taylor & Francis Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gormley, W. (2008). The effects of Oklahoma’s pre-K program on hispanic students. Social Science Quarterly, 89(4), 916–936.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gormley, W., Gayer, T., Phillips, D., & Dawson, B. (2004). The effects of Oklahoma’s Universal Pre-K Program on school readiness: An executive summary. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University. Center for Research on Children in the U.S. Retrieved from http://www.crocus.georgetown.edu/reports/executive_summary_11_04.pdf

  • Hammer, C. S., Davison, M. D., Lawrence, F. R., & Miccio, A. W. (2009). The effect of maternal language on bilingual children’s vocabulary and emergent literacy development during head start and kindergarten. Scientific Studies of Reading, 13(2), 99–121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hammer, C. S., Hoff, E., Uchikoshi, Y., Gallanders, C., & Castro, D. (2013). The language and literacy development of dual language learners: A critical review. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 29, 715–733.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hart, B., & Risley, T. (1995). Meaningful differences in the everyday experience of young American children. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hernandez, A. E., & Li, P. (2011). Age of acquisition: Its neural and computational mechanisms. Psychological Bulletin, 133(4), 638–650.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, E. J. (2015). Debunking the “language gap”. Journal for Multicultural Education, 9(1), 42–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karoly, L. A., & Gonzalez, G. (2011). Early learning environments: Child care and preschool arrangements for children in immigrant families. Future of Children, 211, 71–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mathematica Policy Research. (2010). Identifying enhanced instructional practices that support English language learners: Background literature review. Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCabe, A., Tamis-Lemonde, C. S., Bornstein, M. H., Brockmeyer Cates, C., Golinkoff, R., Guerra, A. W., … Song, L. (2013). Multilingual children: Beyond myths and toward best practices. Social Policy Report, 27(4), 1–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCarty, T. L. (2014). Reclaiming indigenous languages: A reconsideration of roles and responsibilities of schools. In K. M. Borman, T. G. Wiley, D. R. Garcia, & A. B. Danzig (Eds.), Review of research in education. Washington, D. C.: American Educational Research Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Migration Policy Institute. (2015). The impact of discrimination on the early schooling experiences of children of immigrant families. Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, P. J., & Sperry, D. E. (2012). Deja ‘vu: The continuing misrecognition of low –income children’s verbal abilities. In S. T. Fiske & H. R. Markus (Eds.), Facing social class: How social rank influences interaction (pp. 190–130). New York, NY: Russell Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shonkoff, J., & Phillips, D. (2000). From neurons to neighborhoods: The science of early childhood development. In National Research Council. Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Takanishi, R. (2016). First thing first: Creating the new American Primary School. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Takanishi, R., & Le Menestrel, S. (2017). Promoting the educational success of children and youth learning English: Promising futures. Washington, DC: National Academic Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Tomasello, M. (2003). Constructing a language: A usage-based theory of language acquisition. Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Sates Department of Education. (2008). Biennial report to congress on the implementation of the title III state formula Grant program. Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Valdés, G. (2005). Con respeto: Bridging the distances between culturally diverse families and schools—An ethnographic portrait. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Werker, J. F., & Hensch, T. K. (2015). Perceptual foundations of bilingual acquisition in infancy. Annual Review of Psychology, 66, 173–196.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Westerman, G. D., Mareschal, D., Johnson, M. H., Sirios, S., Spratling, M. W., & Thomas, M. S. C. (2007). Nueroconstructivism. Developmental Science, 10(1), 75–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Winsler, A., Diaz, R. M., Espinosa, L., & Rodriguez, J. L. (1999). When learning a second language does not mean losing the first: Bilingual language development in low-income, Spanish-speaking children attending bilingual preschool. Child Development, 70(2), 349–362.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zentella, A. C. (2005). Building on strengths: Language and literacy in Latino families and communities. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Eugene E. García .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

García, E.E. (2019). A More Comprehensive Perspective in Understanding the Development and Learning in Dual Language Learners. In: DeMatthews, D.E., Izquierdo, E. (eds) Dual Language Education: Teaching and Leading in Two Languages. Language Policy, vol 18. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10831-1_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10831-1_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-10830-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-10831-1

  • eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics