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Removal of Heavy Metal from Wastewater Using Ion Exchange Membranes

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Applications of Ion Exchange Materials in the Environment

Abstract

Clean water supplies are vital for industry, agriculture, and energy production. However, the water pollution issue is becoming more serious due to ever-increasing wastewater discharges from the industries into the environment. As the freshwater resource is limited, it is extremely crucial to reuse the wastewater after it has been treated to remove the heavy metal ions and other organic pollutants, which is believed to be the only way to find the new water resource. In view of the significance of treatment of wastewater contaminants, various remediation technologies are proposed and developed for efficient removal of heavy metal ions, including ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, forward osmosis, adsorption, electrodialysis method, and fuel cell method. This chapter starts with a brief introduction of heavy metals, which are chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium, mercury, and lead. Then both physical treatment and chemical treatment are summarized. Finally, the remaining challenges and future perspectives are highlighted.

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Abbreviations

AAEM:

Alkaline anion exchange membrane

AC:

Ativated carbon

AFM:

Atomic force microscope

AMAH:

2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid based hydrogel

APTES:

Aminopropyltriethoxysilane

BET:

Brunauer–Emmett–Teller

BSA:

Bovine serum albumin

CdS:

Cadmium sulfide

CEM:

Cation exchange membrane

CPANM:

Chitosan/poly(ethylene oxide)/activated carbon (AC) nanofibrous membrane

CPF:

Chitosan/PEO fiber

EDA:

Ethylenediamine

FTIR:

Fourier transform infrared

GO:

Graphene oxide

HFO:

Hydrous ferric oxide

HMO:

Hydrous manganese dioxide

HNT:

Halloysite nanotube

HPEI:

Hyperbranched polyethylenimine

IEM:

Ion exchange membrane

MMM:

Mixed matrix membrane

MOF:

Metal–organic framework

NP:

Nanoparticle

PA:

Polyamide

PANI:

Polyaniline

PDA:

Polydopamine

PEO:

Poly(ethylene oxide)

PES:

Polyethersulfone

PPy:

Polypyrrole

PSf:

Polysulfone

PVA:

Polyvinyl alcohol

PVC:

Polyvinyl chloride

PVDF:

Polyvinylidene fluoride

SEM:

Scanning electron microscope

TEM:

Transmission electron microscope

TFC:

Thin-film composite

UCrFC:

Urine/Cr(VI) fuel cell

XRD:

X-ray diffractor

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Acknowledgements

This work was fully supported by a grant from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (Project No. 25211817).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China

    Z. F. Pan & L. An

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  1. Z. F. Pan
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  2. L. An
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Correspondence to L. An .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Inamuddin

  2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India

    Mohd Imran Ahamed

  3. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Abdullah M. Asiri

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Pan, Z.F., An, L. (2019). Removal of Heavy Metal from Wastewater Using Ion Exchange Membranes. In: Inamuddin, Ahamed, M., Asiri, A. (eds) Applications of Ion Exchange Materials in the Environment. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10430-6_2

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