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Wind Energy and Wildlife Impacts pp 67–91Cite as

A Pioneer in Transition: Horizon Scanning of Emerging Issues in Germany’s Sustainable Wind Energy Development

Abstract

With both the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) adopted at the Rio Earth Summit in 1992, certainly no-one anticipated the challenging trade-offs between renewable energy development and conservation of biological diversity. Densely populated Germany ranks third in worldwide installed wind energy capacity, only outpaced by China and the USA so far. However, power and interest shifts via well-organised civil and political opposition indicate that efforts to reconcile climate protection and wildlife conservation cannot be taken for granted.

Funded by the German Federal Environmental Foundation (DBU), the horizon scan aimed at identifying the emerging need for collaborative action, based on the viewpoints of various stakeholders and the state of research in wildlife conservation and wind energy development. We applied a multi-faceted, inclusive, and peer-reviewed research process, building on ca. 50 explorative expert interviews, previous research, and a literature review. Interviewees ranged across academia, agencies, wind developers, consultants, associations, and environmental groups. The process yielded 18 emerging issues at the nexus of wind and wildlife, planning and technologies, and social aspects to cope with the challenges ahead. We present a majority of the issues in this chapter and conclude with guiding follow-up principles.

Keywords

  • Horizon scanning approach
  • Transformation
  • Sustainable Development Goals
  • Cumulative effects
  • Landscape-scale conservation
  • Knowledge management
  • Planning approaches
  • Adaptive management

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Acknowledgements

The horizon scan was supported by the German Federal Environmental Foundation (Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt, DBU). We particularly thank our interview partners, panellists, and renowned experts for their contributions and valuable comments on earlier versions of the horizon scan study. We want to express our gratitude towards our two reviewers, whom we are highly indebted to for their valuable feedback.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Assessment and Planning Research Group, Berlin Institute of Technology (TU Berlin), Berlin, Germany

    Johann Köppel & Juliane Biehl

  2. Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt, Osnabrück, Germany

    Volker Wachendörfer & Alexander Bittner

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  1. Johann Köppel
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  2. Juliane Biehl
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  3. Volker Wachendörfer
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  4. Alexander Bittner
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Correspondence to Johann Köppel .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mathematics and Centre for Mathematics and Applications (CMA), Faculty of Sciences and Technology of NOVA University of Lisbon, Monte da Caparica, Portugal, MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal

    Regina Bispo

  2. CIBIO/InBIO – Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal

    Joana Bernardino

  3. Bioinsight, Odivelas, Portugal

    Helena Coelho

  4. MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal

    José Lino Costa

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Köppel, J., Biehl, J., Wachendörfer, V., Bittner, A. (2019). A Pioneer in Transition: Horizon Scanning of Emerging Issues in Germany’s Sustainable Wind Energy Development. In: Bispo, R., Bernardino, J., Coelho, H., Lino Costa, J. (eds) Wind Energy and Wildlife Impacts . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05520-2_5

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