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Effect of Exercise on Adult Stem Cells

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Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Cardiometabolic Diseases

Abstract

Obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are rapidly increasing worldwide. Regular participation in physical activities or exercise programs of adequate intensity and volume to promote substantial increases in cardiorespiratory fitness attenuates the incidence of these diseases. For several decades, the effect of exercise has mostly been estimated by biochemical parameters. Relatively little is known about the effects of exercise on adult stem cells which play a major role in tissue remodeling and tissue regeneration. In this review we will focus mainly on the effects of aerobic exercise on two adult stem/progenitor cells: endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). These two cell types are precursors for endothelium and mesenchymal tissue (fat, bone, muscle, and cartilage), respectively, and are key players in maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis.

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Abbreviations

ADMA:

Asymmetric dimethylarginine

ALPL:

Alkaline phosphatase, liver/bone/kidney

BAT:

Brown adipose tissue

BMP:

Bone morphogenic protein

C/EBPα:

CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α

CAD:

Coronary artery disease

CDC:

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

CVD:

Cardiovascular disease

Drp-1:

Dynamin-related protein-1

EPCs:

Endothelial progenitor cells

INS:

Insulin

ION:

Idiopathic osteonecrosis

MFN1 and 2:

Mitofusins 1 and 2

MSCs:

Mesenchymal stem cells

NIDDK:

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

NO:

Nitric oxide

PGC1α:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha

POMC:

Proopiomelanocortin

PPARγ-2:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-2

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

RUNX2:

Runt-related transcription factor 2

SDF-1:

Stromal cell-derived factor 1

SDF1alpha:

Stromal cell-derived alpha protein

T2DM:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

UCP-1:

Uncoupling protein 1

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

WAT:

White adipose tissue

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA

    Nabanita Kundu, Cleyton C. Domingues & Sabyasachi Sen

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  1. Nabanita Kundu
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  2. Cleyton C. Domingues
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  3. Sabyasachi Sen
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Correspondence to Sabyasachi Sen .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Rutgers University Department of Kinesiology and Health, University of South Carolina Arnold School of Public Health, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA

    Peter Kokkinos

  2. Clinical Research Institute of Northern Virginia, Burke, VA, USA

    Puneet Narayan

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Kundu, N., Domingues, C.C., Sen, S. (2019). Effect of Exercise on Adult Stem Cells. In: Kokkinos, P., Narayan, P. (eds) Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Cardiometabolic Diseases. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04816-7_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04816-7_4

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