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Rhythms in Early Development

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Early Interaction and Developmental Psychopathology

Abstract

Rhythms will be considered, here as in the sense of the isochrone recurrence of a same event. In the environment as well as in physiology and behavior, rhythms are omnipresent. Their periodicity covers different time scales. Thus, they have an impact on the lives of living beings. Since the perinatal period, the brain structures that make it possible to perceive the circadian rhythms are set up in utero and go on to mature during the peripartum. Nevertheless, the infant is progressively quickly becomes able to synchronize its physiological rhythms on the alternation day-night rhythm. Social rhythms play an important role in the development of this physiological synchronization as well as in the development of social interactions. Moreover, motor rhythms are spontaneously present in the infant’s movements and actions, underlining the existence of an internal tempo. This, conversely, allows the infant to adapt to the rhythms of its environment. Rhythmicity is thus a fundamental component of the quality of the social interactions. This explains why parental and cultural practices place rhythmicity at the center of the parent-infant relationship. It is also why when these rhythmic distortions arise due to maternal and/or infant clinical reasons the impact on parent-infant relationship is not negligible and must be seriously acknowledged and addressed.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Oxytocin is a hormone produced in the hypothalamus that regulates homeostasis, thermoregulation, etc.

  2. 2.

    The acrophase is the position on the time axis of the maximum variation in a temporal biological rhythm.

  3. 3.

    For details on the assessment of sleep states in infants, see Grigg-Damberger and Gozal [46]; for a recent review on the quality and quantity of sleep from 0 to 12 years, see Galland et al. [47].

  4. 4.

    It has been shown in animals that the fetal olfactory system works better in the aquatic environment than in air [52].

  5. 5.

    There are six types of attentional commitment: uncommitted, look, commitment to the person, commitment to the object, passive joint commitment, and coordinated joint commitment [53, 59].

  6. 6.

    Note that in adults, rhythmic movements are sometimes still present at the time of falling asleep [64].

  7. 7.

    Soon after birth, infants can detect the synchrony between events in different sensory modalities [39, 72].

  8. 8.

    0.5 lux, full moonlight; 10 lux, dusk or candlelight; 20–80 lux, lit city; 100 lux, minimum brightness to read a text; 100–200 lux, home lighting; 300–500 lux, public places; 1000 lux, very well-lit place; 5000 lux, outside when overcast; 10,000 lux, outside in average weather; 20,000 lux, intense artificial light (right next to a 50 W halogen lamp); 50,000–100,000 lux, outside in sunny weather (Source http://www.sirtin.fr/2008/05/28/comment-mesurer-leclairage/).

  9. 9.

    All infants studied were breastfeeding on demand (in two groups).

  10. 10.

    Laboratory bed-sharing practices: they sleep less deep sleep (NREM3-4) and more light sleep (NREM1-2).

  11. 11.

    14 days from the 10th day of life after term birth.

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  1. Laboratory Ethology, Cognition, Development, Paris Nanterre University, 200 avenue de la République, Nanterre, 92000, France

    Anne Bobin-Bègue

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  1. Groupe Hospitalier du Havre, Université de Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France

    Gisèle Apter

  2. Institute of Psychology, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France

    Emmanuel Devouche

  3. University of Paris Nanterre, Nanterre Cedex, France

    Maya Gratier

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Bobin-Bègue, A. (2019). Rhythms in Early Development. In: Apter, G., Devouche, E., Gratier, M. (eds) Early Interaction and Developmental Psychopathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04769-6_4

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