Skip to main content

Abnormal Neonatal Patterns

  • Chapter
Clinical Electroencephalography

Abstract

The distinctive features of the normal neonatal EEG pattern have been described in the first part of this Manual. This chapter will be dedicated to the description of the most characteristic artifacts and the abnormal EEG findings in the neonatal age. Particular attention has been devoted to the iconographic material..Both EEG backgroud abnormalities and ictal epileptiform discharges are the milestones in the knowledge of abnormal neonatal electroencephalography. The caption of the figures will report the anamnestic, clinical, and instrumental data related to the clinical cases described, in order to underline and confirm the importance of a complete integration among clinical, neurophysiological, and neuroimaging data in the approach of newborns with neurological impairments.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    For all the figures, the following EEG recording parameters were utilized: time base 15 mm/s, sensitivity 70/150 mcV/cm, high-pass filter 0.5/1.6 Hz, low-pass filter 30/70 Hz. Otherwise, parameters are indicated (in italics).

References

  1. Lamblin MD, André M, Auzoux M, et al. Indications of electroencephalogram in the newborn. Arch Pediatr. 2004;11(7):829–33.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Lamblin MD, de Villepin-Touzery A. EEG in the neonatal unit. Neurophysiol Clin. 2015;45:87–95.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Hrachovy RA, Mizrhai EM. Atlas of neonatal electroencephalography. 4th ed. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company; 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Tsuchida TN. Diagnostic yield of continuous video EEG for neonatal seizures. Pediatr Neurol Briefs. 2015;29(8):63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Dreyfus-Brisac C, Samson-Dreyfus D, Fischgold H. Activité électrique cerebrale du prematuré et du nouveau-né. Ann Pediatr. 1955;31:1–7.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Dreyfus-Brisac C. The electroencephalogram of the premature infant. World Neurol. 1962;3:5–15.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Monod N, Dreyfus-Brisac C. Le tracé paroxistique chez le nouveau- né. Rev Neurol. 1962;106:129–30.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Lombroso CT. Neonatal polygraphy in full term and premature infants: a review of normal and abnormal findings. J Clin Neurophysiol. 1985;2:105–55.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Stockard-Pope JE, Wener SS, Bickford R. Atlas of neonatal electroencephalography. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Raven; 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Ferrari F, Biagioni E, Cioni G. Neonatal electroencephalography. In: Levene MI, Chervenak FA, Whittle M, editors. Fetal and neonatal neurology and neurosurgery. 3rd ed. London: Churchill Livingston; 2001. p. 155–80.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Mizrhai EM, Hrachovy RA, Kellaway P. Atlas of neonatal electroencephalography. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  12. André M, Lamblin MD, d’Allest AM, et al. Electroencephalography in premature and full-term infants. Developmental features and glossary. Neurophysiol Clin. 2010;40:59–124.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Lombroso CT. Neonatal electroencephalography. In: Niedermeyer E, Lopes da Silva F, editors. Electroencephalography: basic principles, clinical applications and related field. Munich: Urban & Schwartzenberg; 1982. p. 725–62.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Mizrahi EM, Kellaway P. Diagnosis and management of neonatal seizures. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott-Raven; 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Mastrangelo M, Peron A, Spaccini L, et al. Neonatal suppression-burst without epileptic seizures: expanding the electroclinical phenotype of STXBP1-related, early-onset encephalopathy. Epileptic Disord. 2013;15:55–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Shellhaas RA, Wusthoff CJ, Tsuchida TN, et al. Profile of neonatal epilepsies: characteristics of a prospective US cohort. Neurology. 2017;89:893–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Spagnoli C, Salerno GG, Iodice A, et al. KCNQ2 encephalopathy: a case due to a de novo deletion. Brain Dev. 2018;40:65–8.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Axeen EJT, Olson HE. Neonatal epilepsy genetics. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2018;23(3):197–203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Sarnat HB, Sarnat MS. Neonatal encephalopathy following fetal distress. A clinical and electroencephalographic study. Arch Neurol. 1976;33:696–705.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Tharp BR, Cukier F, Monod N. Valeur prognostique de l’EEG du prématuré. Rev EEG Neurophysiol. 1977;7:386–91.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Holmes G, Rowe J, Hafford J, et al. Prognostic value of the electro- encephalogram in neonatal asphyxia. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1982;53:60–72.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Takeuchi T, Watanabe K. The EEG evolution and neurological prognosis of neonates with perinatal hypoxia. Brain Dev. 1989;11:115–20.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Holmes G, Lombroso C. Prognostic value of background patterns in the neonatal EEG. J Clin Neurophysiol. 1993;10:323–52.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Watanabe K, Hayakawa F, Okumura A. Neonatal EEG: a powerful tool in assessment of brain damage in preterm infants. Brain Dev. 1999;21:361–72.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Plouin P. Intéret de l’électroencéphalogramme vidéo en néonatologie. Arch Pediatr. 2000;7:332–3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Tsuchida TN, Wusthoff CJ, Shellhaas RA, et al. American clinical neurophysiology society standardized EEG terminology and categorization for the description of continuous EEG monitoring in neonates: report of the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society critical care monitoring committee. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2013;30:161–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Wusthoff CJ. Diagnosing neonatal seizures and status epilepticus. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2013;30:115–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Pisani F, Pavlidis E. The role of electroencephalogram in neonatal seizure detection. Expert Rev Neurother. 2018;18:95–100.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Nagarajan L. Neonatal seizures, current management and future challenges. London: Mac Keith Press; 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Melani F, Mei D, Pisano T, et al. CDKL5 gene-related epileptic encephalopathy: electroclinical findings in the first year of life. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2011;53(4):354–60.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

A heartfelt thanks to the EEG technicians of the Pediatric Neurology Unit: Teresa Iuorno, Carlo Landoni, Debora Meroni, Francesca Tabarelli and Gaetano Turi, for their competence and sensitivity repeatedly expressed in the management of newborns and in the acquisition of EEG recordings; to Alfredo Radaelli for his valuable collaboration in the editorial organization of the work; to the colleagues of the Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care of the Buzzi Hospital Milan directed by Dr G. Lista, for the useful collaboration in everyday practice.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Massimo Mastrangelo .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Mastrangelo, M., Scelsa, B., Pisani, F. (2019). Abnormal Neonatal Patterns. In: Mecarelli, O. (eds) Clinical Electroencephalography. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04573-9_22

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04573-9_22

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-04572-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-04573-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics