Skip to main content
View expanded cover

Plant and Human Health, Volume 3 pp 231–254Cite as

An Insight of Multitudinous and Inveterate Pharmacological Applications of Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel)

  • 938 Accesses

Abstract

Since time numerous herbs and spices are used by humans for various health issues. Foeniculum vulgare Mill, popularly known as fennel, is one among them, which is the most widely used herb throughout the world. In traditional medicines, fennel has been used for multiple disorders related to the digestive, reproductive, respiratory and endocrine system. Fennel is used in more than 34 diseases and disorders. Fennel has carminative, galactagogue, oestrogenic, chemomodulatory, bronchodilatory, diuretic, vasorelaxant, antithrombotic, hypotensive, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, hypolipidaemic, antispasmodic and memory-enhancing effect. Experimental evidence proves fennel as antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, apoptotic and antimetastatic agent. Fennel is effectively used in anxiety, depression, Alzheimer’s disease, obesity, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), cataract, etc. Fennel seeds are rich in essential oils, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, fatty acids and amino acids.

Essential oil of fennel is widely studied as it has much pharmacological importance. Anethole is one among the active component of fennel’s essential oil which possesses antimetastatic, anticancer, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, antifungal and hyperglycaemic activity. In this chapter, we aim to provide literature on morphology, nutritional content, phytochemistry and pharmacology applications of fennel. Foeniculum vulgare is a potential therapeutic agent providing the scope of further evaluation of various compounds for drug development and clinical uses.

Keywords

  • Foeniculum vulgare
  • Fennel
  • Pharmacology
  • Essential oils
  • Anticancer

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-04408-4_11
  • Chapter length: 24 pages
  • Instant PDF download
  • Readable on all devices
  • Own it forever
  • Exclusive offer for individuals only
  • Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout
eBook
USD   169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • ISBN: 978-3-030-04408-4
  • Instant PDF download
  • Readable on all devices
  • Own it forever
  • Exclusive offer for individuals only
  • Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout
Hardcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
Learn about institutional subscriptions
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

References

  • Aazzaa S, Lyoussi B, Megías C, Cortés-Giraldo I, Vioquec J, Figueiredod AC, Miguel MG (2014) Proliferative activities of moroccan commercial essential oils. Nat Prod Commun 9(4):587–594

    Google Scholar 

  • Abdallah EM (2016) Medicinal plants with antibacterial properties against Helicobacter Pylori: a brief review. iMedPub J 1:13

    Google Scholar 

  • Abdel-Wahhab KG, Fawzi H, Mannaa FA (2016) Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) inhibition by tienilic acid produces hepatic injury: antioxidant protection by fennel extract and whey protein concentrate. Pathophysiology 23(1):19–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pathophys.2015.10.002

    CAS  PubMed  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Abu-zaiton A, Alu M, Ali WM (2015) Evaluating the effect of Foeniculum vulgare extract on enzymes related with blood pressure and diabetes (in vitro study). Int J Chem Engg Biol Sci 2(2):77–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Agarwal R et al (2008) Oculohypotensive effects of Foeniculum vulgare in experimental models of glaucoma. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 52(1):77–83

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Agustini K et al (2015) Cytotoxic and apoptotic activity on Mcf7 Cell from ethanolic extract of Trigonella Foenum-Graecum L. Aglaia. Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention 6(3):78–83

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Akha O et al (2014) The effect of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) gel 3% in decreasing hair thickness in idiopathic mild to moderate hirsutism, a randomized placebo controlled clinical trial. Caspian J Intern Med 5(1):26–29

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Al Akeel R et al (2014) Evaluation of antibacterial activity of crude protein extracts from seeds of six different medical plants against standard bacterial strains. Saudi J Biol Sci 21(2):147–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2013.09.003

    CAS  PubMed  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Amoudi WM (2017) Protective effects of fennel oil extract against sodium valproate-induced hepatorenal damage in albino rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 24(4):915–924

    CAS  PubMed  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Tamimi A, Mohammad BR, Abu-Reidah IM (2016) Chemical composition, cytotoxic, apoptotic and antioxidant activities of main commercial essential oils in palestine: a comparative study. Medicines 3(4):27 http://www.mdpi.com/2305-6320/3/4/27

    PubMed Central  CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Angelov G (2016) Extraction of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) seeds: process optimization and antioxidant capacity of the extracts. Chem Biochem Eng Q 30(2):245–253 http://silverstripe.fkit.hr/cabeq/assets/Uploads/10-2-16.pdf

    CAS  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Anitha T et al (2014) Antidiabetic activity of the aqueous extracts of Foeniculum vulgare on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Int J Adv Pharm Biol Chem 3(2):487–494

    Google Scholar 

  • Arantes S et al (2017) Antioxidant activity and cholinesterase inhibition studies of four flavouring herbs from alentejo. Nat Prod Res 6419(January):1–5. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2017.1278598

    CAS  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Badgujar SB, Patel VV, Bandivdekar AH (2014) Foeniculum vulgare mill: a review of its botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, contemporary application, and toxicology. Biomed Res Int 2014:32

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Bae JY, Kim JE, Choue R, Lim H (2015) Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) and Fenugreek (Trigonella Foenum-Graecum) tea drinking suppresses subjective short-term appetite in overweight women. Clin Nutr Res 4(3):168–174 http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=4525133&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract

  • Bahmani K, Izadi Darbandi A, Faleh Alfekaiki D, Sticklen M (2016) Phytochemical diversity of fennel landraces from various growth types and origins. Agron Res 14(5):1530–1547

    Google Scholar 

  • Barros L, Heleno SA, Carvalho AM, Ferreira ICFR (2009) Systematic evaluation of the antioxidant potential of different parts of Foeniculum vulgare mill from Portugal. Food Chem Toxicol 47(10):2458–2464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.07.003

    CAS  PubMed  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Barros L, Carvalho AM, Ferreira ICFR (2010) The nutritional composition of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare): shoots, leaves, stems and inflorescences. LWT—Food Sci Technol 43(5):814–818. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2010.01.010

    CAS  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Beaux D, Fleurentin J, Mortier F (1997) Diuretic action of hydroalcohol extracts of Foeniculum vulgare Var Dulce (D.C.) roots in rats. Phytother Res 11(4):320–322

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Berrington D, Lall N (2012) Anticancer activity of certain herbs and spices on the cervical epithelial carcinoma (HeLa) cell line. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012:11

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Birdane FM et al (2007) Beneficial effects of Foeniculum vulgare on ethanol-induced acute gastric mucosal injury in rats. World J Gastroenterol 13(4):607–611 http://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/mcsy.asp

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Bogucka-Kocka A, Smolarz HD, Kocki J (2008) Apoptotic activities of ethanol extracts from some Apiaceae on human Leukaemia cell lines. Fitoterapia 79(7–8):487–497 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2008.07.002

    CAS  PubMed  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Boskabady MH, Khatami A (2003) Relaxant effect of Foeniculum vulgare on isolated guinea pig tracheal chains. Pharm Biol 41(3):211–215

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Calvo MI, Cavero RY (2016) Medicinal plants used for ophthalmological problems in Navarra (Spain). J Ethnopharmacol 190:212–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.002

    PubMed  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Celik I, Isik I (2008) Determination of chemopreventive role of Foeniculum vulgare and Salvia Officinalis infusion on Trichloroacetic acid-induced increased serum marker enzymes lipid peroxidation and antioxidative defense systems in rats. Nat Prod Res 22(1):66–75 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17999340

    CAS  PubMed  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Cetin B et al (2010) Antimicrobial activities of essential oil and hexane extract of florence fennel [Foeniculum vulgare Var. Azoricum (Mill.) Thell.] against foodborne microorganisms. J Med Food 13(1):196–204 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20136455

  • Chang YS, Woo ER (2003) Korean medicinal plants inhibiting to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Fusion. Phytother Res 17:426–429

    PubMed  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Chatterjee S et al (2016) In vitro inhibition of cholera toxin production in vibrio cholerae by methanol extract of sweet fennel seeds and its components. Jpn J Infect Dis 69(5):384–389 https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/yoken/69/5/69_JJID.2015.421/_article

    CAS  PubMed  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Chen C-y (2014) Review on the pharmacological activities of anethole. 5(4):289–292

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen CH, DeGraffenried LA (2012) Anethole suppressed cell survival and induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells independent of estrogen receptor status. Phytomedicine 19(8–9):763–767 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2012.02.017

    CAS  PubMed  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Choi EM, Hwang JK (2004) Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antioxidant activities of the fruit of Foeniculum vulgare. Fitoterapia 75(6):557–565

    PubMed  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Cioanca O et al (2015) Essential oils from Apiaceae as valuable resources in neurological disorders: Foeniculi vulgare aetheroleum. Ind Crop Prod 88:51–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.02.064

    CAS  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Diao W-R, Hu Q-P, Zhang H, Jian-Guo X (2014) Chemical composition, antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of essential oil from seeds of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare mill.). Food Control 35(1):109–116 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956713513003393

    CAS  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Dongare V, Kulkarni C, Kondawar M, Magdum C (2012) Inhibition of aldose reductase and anti-cataract action of trans-anethole isolated from Foeniculum vulgare mill. fruits. Food Chem 132(1):385–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.11.005

    CAS  PubMed  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • El Bardai S et al (2001) Pharmacological evidence of hypotensive activity of Marrubium vulgare and Foeniculum vulgare in spontaneously hypertensive rat. Clin Exp Hypertens 23(4):329–343

    PubMed  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • El-Soud NA et al (2011) Antidiabetic activities of Foeniculum vulgare mill. essential oil in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Maced J Med Sci 4(2):139–146

    Google Scholar 

  • Esquivel-Ferriño PC et al (2012) Antimycobacterial activity of constituents from Foeniculum vulgare Var. Dulce Grown in Mexico. Molecules 17(7):8471–8482

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Faraji N, Seraj AA, Yarahmadi F, Rajabpour A (2016) Contact and fumigant toxicity of Foeniculum vulgare and citrus limon essential oils against Tetranychus Turkestani and its predator Orius Albidipennis. J Crop Prot 5(2):283–292

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Ghasemi M (2015) Investigation of compositions and effect of herbal essential oils local Silybum Marianum, Foeniculum vulgare and Glycyrrhiza Glabra on cell line of stomach cancer by MTT assays in Ardabil, Iran. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 22(6): S166. 

    CAS  PubMed  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Ghazanfarpour M et al (2014) Most common herbal medicines in the treatment of Iranian children: a systematic review most common herbal medicines in the treatment of Iranian children: a systematic review. Int J Pediatr 2:421–425

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghodsi Z, Asltoghiri M (2014) The effect of fennel on pain quality, symptoms, and menstrual duration in primary dysmenorrhea. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 27(5):283–286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2013.12.003

    PubMed  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Goswami N, Chatterjee S (2014) Assessment of free radical scavenging potential and oxidative DNA damage preventive activity of Trachyspermum Ammi L. (Carom) and Foeniculum vulgare mill. (Fennel) seed extracts. Biomed Res Int 2014:8

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ha B et al (2014) Regulation of crosstalk between epithelial to mesenchymal transition molecules and MMP-9 mediates the antimetastatic activity of Anethole in DU145 prostate cancer cells. J Nat Prod 77(1):63–69

    CAS  PubMed  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • He W, Huang B (2011) A review of chemistry and bioactivities of a medicinal spice: Foeniculum vulgare. J Med Plant Res 5(16):3595–3600

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jana S, Patra K, Mukherjee G (2015) RSC advances antitumor potential of anethole singly and in combination with cyclophosphamide in murine sarcoma-180 transplantable tumor model. RSC Adv 5:56549–56559. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA07230A

    CAS  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Joshi H, Parle M (2006) Short communication cholinergic basis of memory-strengthening effect of group. Indian J Pharm Sci 9(3):413–417

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaileh M et al (2007) Screening of indigenous palestinian medicinal plants for potential anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity. J Ethnopharmacol 113(3):510–516

    PubMed  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Kaur GJ, Arora DS (2009) Antibacterial and phytochemical screening of Anethum Graveolens Linn., Foeniculum vulgare mill. and Trachyspermum Ammi Linn. Indian J Nat Prod Resour 8(6):611

    Google Scholar 

  • Khalid S et al (2015) Antifungal potential of the seed and leaf Foeniculum vulgare mill essential oil in liquid and vapor phase against phytopathogenic fungi. J Appl Pharm Sci 5(11):50–54

    CAS  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Kim TH, Kim HJ, Lee SH, Kim SY (2012) Potent Inhibitory effect of Foeniculum vulgare miller extract on osteoclast differentiation and ovariectomy-induced bone loss. Int J Mol Med 29(6):1053–1059

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kontogiorgis C et al (2016) Antioxidant protection: the contribution of proper preparation of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare mill.) beverage. Ind Crop Prod 79:57–62

    CAS  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Koppula S, Kumar H (2013) Foeniculum vulgare mill (Umbelliferae) Attenuates stress and improves memory in wister rats. Trop J Pharm Res 12(4):553–558

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar MD et al (2014) Phytochemical Investigation and evaluation of antimicrobial and antitubercular activity of Kunstleria Keralensis. World J Pharm Pharm Sc 4(2):465–479

    Google Scholar 

  • Lall N et al (2015) Natural product research: formerly natural product letters cytotoxicity of syringin and 4- methoxycinnamyl alcohol isolated from Foeniculum vulgare on selected human cell lines. Nat Prod Res 29:37–41

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Langhammer AJ, Nilsen OG (2014) Fennel and raspberry leaf as possible inhibitors of acetaminophen oxidation. Phytother Res 28(10):1573–1576

    PubMed  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Lee HS, Kang P, Kim KY, Seol GH (2015) Foeniculum vulgare mill. protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice through ERK-dependent NF-κB activation. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 19(2):183–189 http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=4342739&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract

  • Lim, T. K. 2013. Edible medicinal and non-medicinal plants. 5: 36–59. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-94-007-5628-1

  • Mansourabadi AH et al (2015) Effects of fennel, asafetida and ginseng ethanolic extracts on growth and proliferation of mouse breast cancer 4T1 cell lines. Adv Herbal Med 1(2):34–39

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maurya S et al (2005) Antiviral activity of essential oils and acetone extracts of medicinal plants against papaya ring spot virus. J Essent Oil Bear Plants 8(3):233–238 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0972060X.2005.10643452

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Mesfin M, Asres K, Shibeshi W (2014) Evaluation of anxiolytic activity of the essential oil of the aerial part of Foeniculum vulgare miller in mice. BMC Complement Altern Med 14:310 http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=4156641&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract

  • Mhaidat NM et al (2014) Anti-hyperglycemic properties of Foeniculum vulgare in streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats. Int J Pharmacol 11(1):72–75

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mohamad RH et al (2011) Antioxidant and anticarcinogenic effects of methanolic extract and volatile oil of fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare). J Med Food 14(9):986–1001 http://www.liebertonline.com/doi/abs/10.1089/jmf.2008.0255

    CAS  PubMed  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Monalisa MN, Rahmatullah M (2015) Antihyperglycemic, analgesic activity, and acute toxicity studies with methanol extract of Foeniculum vulgare seeds. World J Pharm Pharm Sci 4(9):198–206

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de Oliveira PF et al (2015) Cytotoxicity screening of essential oils in cancer cell lines. Braz J Pharmacogn 25(2):183–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2015.02.009

    CAS  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Omidvar S, Esmailzadeh S, Baradaran M, Basirat Z (2012) 11-effect of fennel on pain intensity in dysmenorrhoea: a placebo-controlled trial. Ayu 33(2):311–313 http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3611645&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract

  • Orhan E, Ilkay BÖ, Kartal M, Kan Y (2012) Antimicrobial and antiviral effects of essential oils from selected Umbelliferae and Labiatae plants and individual essential oil components. Turk J Biol 36(3):239–246

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ostad SN, Khakinegad B, Sabzevari O (2004) Evaluation of the teratogenicity of fennel essential oil (FEO) on the rat embryo limb buds culture. Toxicol In Vitro 18(5):623–627

    CAS  PubMed  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Oulmouden F et al (2014) Hypolipidemic and anti-atherogenic effect of methanol extract of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) in hypercholesterolemic mice. Int J Sci Knowledge 3(1):42–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Özbek H (2005) The anti-inflammatory activity of the Foeniculum vulgare L. essential oil and investigation of its median lethal dose in rats and mice. IJP—Int J Pharmacol 1(4):329–331 http://ansijournals.com/3/detail.php?id=1&jid=ijp&theme=3&issueno=159&articleno=55029

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Parle M, Vasudevan M (2007) Memory enhancing activity of Abana®: an Indian ayurvedic poly-herbal formulation. J Health Sci 53(1):43–52 http://joi.jlc.jst.go.jp/JST.JSTAGE/jhs/53.43?from=CrossRef

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Pazoki H, Bolouri G, Farokhi F, Azerbayjani MA (2016) Comparing the effects of aerobic exercise and Foeniculum vulgare on pre-menstrual syndrome. Middle East Fertil Soc J 21(1):61–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mefs.2015.08.002

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Picon PD et al (2010) Randomized clinical trial of a phytotherapic compound containing Pimpinella Anisum, Foeniculum vulgare, Sambucus nigra, and Cassia augustifolia for chronic constipation. BMC Complement Altern Med 10:17 http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2874511&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract

  • Plengsuriyakarn T et al (2012) Anticancer activities against Cholangiocarcinoma, toxicity and pharmacological activities of Thai medicinal plants in animal models. BMC Complement Altern Med 12(1):23 http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84858844417&partnerID=tZOtx3y1

  • Portincasa P et al (2016) Curcumin and fennel essential oil improve symptoms and quality of life in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. JGLD 25(2):151–157 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27308645

  • Qiu J et al (2012) Chemical composition of fennel essential oil and its impact on Staphylococcus aureus exotoxin production. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 28(4):1399–1405

    CAS  PubMed  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Rasul A et al (2012a) Formulation development of a cream containing fennel extract: in vivo evaluation for anti-aging effects. Pharmazie 67(1):54–58

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rasul A et al (2012b) Sebumetric and mexametric evaluation of a fennel based cream. Sci Asia 38(3):262–267

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Rocha, Diara Kady et al (2015) Larvicidal activity against Aedes Aegypti of Foeniculum vulgare essential oils from Portugal and Cape Verde. Nat Prod Commun 10(4): 677–682. 

    Google Scholar 

  • Sadeghpour N et al (2015) Study of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) seed extract effects on serum level of estrogen, progesterone and prolactin in mouse. Crescent J Med Biol Sci 2(1):23–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Salami M, Rahimmalek M, Ehtemam MH (2016) Inhibitory effect of different fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) samples and their phenolic compounds on formation of advanced glycation products and comparison of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Food Chem 213:196–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.06.070

    CAS  PubMed  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Singh B, Kale RK (2008) Chemomodulatory action of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) on skin and forestomach papillomagenesis, enzymes associated with xenobiotic metabolism and antioxidant status in murine model system. Food Chem Toxicol 46(12):3842–3850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2008.10.008

    CAS  PubMed  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Singh JN, Sunil K, Rana AC (2013) Antidepressant activity of methanolic extract of Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel) fruits in experimental animal models. J Appl Pharm Sci 3(9):65–70

    Google Scholar 

  • Subehan, Zaidi SF, Kadota S, Tezuka Y (2007) Inhibition on human liver cytochrome P450 3A4 by constituents of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare): identification and characterization of a mechanism-based inactivator. J Agric Food Chem 55(25):10162–10167

    CAS  PubMed  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Sun Z et al (2016) Dietary Foeniculum vulgare mill extract attenuated UVB irradiation-induced skin photoaging by activating of Nrf2 and inhibiting MAPK pathways. Phytomedicine 23(12):1273–1284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2016.06.008

    CAS  PubMed  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Tettey CO, Yang I, Ocloo A, Shin HM (2015) Vasorelaxant and anti-inflammatory activities of the methylene chloride fraction of Foeniculum vulgare fruit extract. J Food Biochem 39:1–9

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Tharanath V, Peddanna K, Kotaiah Y, Venkataramana D (2013) Flavonoids isolated from Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel) have virostatic efficiency against bluetongue virus. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res 23(1):237–242

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tognolini M et al (2007) Protective effect of Foeniculum vulgare essential oil and anethole in an experimental model of thrombosis. Pharmacol Res 56:254–260

    CAS  PubMed  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • USDA. 2016. National nutrient database for standard reference release 28 Slightly Revised May, 2016 Full Report: 1–5

    Google Scholar 

  • Wakabayashi KAL et al (2015) Anthelmintic effects of the essential oil of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare mill., Apiaceae) against Schistosoma Mansoni. Chem Biodivers 12(7):1105–1114

    CAS  PubMed  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Yang IJ, Lee DU, Shin HM (2015) Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of coumarins isolated from Foeniculum vulgare in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-stimulated mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 37(3):308–317 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25990850

    PubMed  CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yaralizadeh M et al (2016) Effect of Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel) vaginal cream on vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. Maturitas 84:75–80

    PubMed  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Zaahkouk SAM (2016) Anti carcinogenic activity of methanolic extract of fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare) against breast, colon, and liver cancer cells. Int J Adv Res 3:1525–1537

    Google Scholar 

  • Zaahkouk SAM, Ibrahim DF, Elarabi BE (2016) Antioxidants and hypoglycemic studies on Egyptian propolis and Foeniculum vulgare on alloxan induced diabetic rats. Int J Animal Biol 2(1):1–10

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zeng H, Chen X, Liang J (2015) In vitro antifungal activity and mechanism of essential oil from fennel (Foeniculum vulgare L.) on dermatophyte species. J Med Microbiol 64(1):93–103

    CAS  PubMed  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Fareeduddin Quadri Syed, Muqtadir Baig Mirza, Ayman I. Elkady, Khalid Rehman Hakeem & Saleh Alkarim

Authors
  1. Fareeduddin Quadri Syed
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Muqtadir Baig Mirza
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ayman I. Elkady
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Khalid Rehman Hakeem
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Saleh Alkarim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Vice President of the Islamic World Academy of Sciences, Amann, Jordan

    Dr. Munir Ozturk

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Khalid Rehman Hakeem

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Syed, F.Q., Mirza, M.B., Elkady, A.I., Hakeem, K.R., Alkarim, S. (2019). An Insight of Multitudinous and Inveterate Pharmacological Applications of Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel). In: Ozturk, M., Hakeem, K. (eds) Plant and Human Health, Volume 3. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04408-4_11

Download citation