Abstract
The view of men and masculinity currently embedded in popular culture is a decidedly negative one. Approaches to therapy have historically been either gender-neutral or arguably even feminised (e.g. Morison et al. 2014). There is therefore a striking lack of proper scientific evidence relating to the male experience. Dignifying psychotherapy and counselling with men therefore entails researching and understanding how men experience emotions, how they communicate and how they cope. Evidence is presented to show that men can and do take responsibility for their health and well-being when given male-friendly support in doing so. Men also respond positively to health promotion messages that are gender appropriate and empathic.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ashfield, J. (2002). Interviews and conversations conducted with men’s shed and men’s group facilitators, and human service clinicians. Adelaide, SA: Melrose Centre for Men’s Health (unpublished).
Ashfield, J. (2003). The making of a man: Reclaiming masculinity and manhood in the light of reason. Adelaide, SA: Peacock Publications.
Ashfield, J. (2004). The nature of men: Elements of masculine psychology. Booleroo Centre, SA: Mid North Regional Health Service.
Ashfield, J. (2011). Doing psychotherapy with men: Practicing ethical psychotherapy and counselling with men. St. Peters, SA: The Australian Institute of Male Health and Studies.
Ashfield, J. (2016). Supporting men in distress: A resource for women. Australia: YouCanHelp Publishing.
Baron-Cohen, S. (2003). The essential difference: The truth about the male and female brain. New York, NY: Basic Books.
Barrett, L., Lane, R., Sechrest, L., & Schwartz, G. (2000). Sex differences in emotional awareness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,26(9), 1027–1035.
Buckley, D., & Lower, T. (2002). Factors influencing the utilisation of health services by rural men. Australian Health Review,25(2), 11–15.
Buss, D. (2003). The evolution of desire. New York: Basic Books.
Canli, T., Desmond, J., Zhao, Z., & Gabrieli, J. (2002). Sex differences in the neural basis of emotional memories. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,99(16), 10789–10794.
Crawford, M., & Gressley, J. (1991). Creativity, caring and context: Men’s and women’s accounts of humorous preferences and practices. Psychology of Women Quarterly,15, 217–231.
Daly, M., & Wilson, M. (1985). Competitiveness, risk-taking and violence: The young male syndrome. Ethology and Sociobiology,6, 59–73.
Deaux, K. (1979). Self-evaluations of male and female managers. Sex Roles, 5, 571–580.
Ellul, J. (1974). Propaganda: The formation of men’s attitudes. New York: Vintage Books.
Farrell, W. (2001). The myth of male power. Berkley Trade: New York.
Farrell, W., & Gray, J. (2018). The boy crisis—Why our boys are struggling and what we can do about it. Dallas: Benbella Books.
Fogel, G. (1986). Introduction: Being a man. In G. Fogel, F. M. Lane, & R. S. Liebert (Eds.), The psychology of men: New psychoanalytic perspectives (pp. 3–23). New York: Basic Books.
Freeman, D. (1983). Margaret Mead and Samoa: The making and unmaking of an anthropological myth. Canberra: Australian National University Press.
Gilmore, D. (1990). Manhood in the making: Cultural concepts of masculinity. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Goldberg, S. (1973). The inevitability of patriarchy. New York: William Morrow.
Goldberg, S. (1991). Feminism against science. National Review,43(21), 30.
Goldberg, S. (2003). Fad and fallacies in the social sciences. New York: Humanity Books.
Gross, J., & John, O. (1998). Mapping the domain of expressivity: Multimethod evidence for a hierarchical model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,74(1), 170–191.
Hallman, R. (1969). The archetypes in Peter Pan. Journal of Analytic Psychology,14, 65–73.
Jick, T., & Mitz, L. (1985). Sex differences in work stress. Academy of Management Review,10(3), 408–420.
Kimmel, M., Hearn, J., & Connell, R. (2005). Handbook of studies on men and masculinities. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Kipnis, A. (1995). The postfeminist men’s movement. In M. Kimmel (Ed.), The politics of manhood (p. 283). Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Kring, A., & Gordon, A. (1998). Sex differences in emotion: Expression, experience and physiology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 686–703.
Lazarus, R., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress appraisal and coping. New York: Springer.
Mead, M. (1935). Sex and temperament in three primitive societies. New York: W. Morrow & Company.
Meagher, M. (2011). Patriarchy. In G. Ritzer & J. Ryan (Ed.), The concise encyclopedia of sociology (pp. 441–442). New York: Wiley.
Moir, A., & Jessell, D. (1997). Brain sex. UK: Mandarin.
Morison, L., Trigeorgis, C., & John, M. (2014). Are mental health services inherently feminised? The Psychologist,27(6), 414–416.
Moxon, S. (2008). The woman racket: The new science explaining how the sexes relate at work, at play and in society. Exeter, UK: Imprint Academic.
Murphy, P. (2004). Feminism and masculinities. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Nadeau, R. (1996). She/he brain: Science sexual politics and the myths of feminism. New York: Praeger.
Nathanson, P., & Young, K. (2001). Spreading misandry: The teaching of contempt for men in popular culture. London: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
Nazroo, J. (2001, March 2). Exploring gender difference in depression. Psychiatric Times, 18(3). Retrieved from http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/depression/exploring-gender-difference-depression.
New South Wales Department of Health. (2000). The health of the people of New South Wales—Report of the Chief Health Officer. Retrieved from http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/Pages/default.aspx.
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Larson, J., & Grayson, L. (1999). Explaining the gender differences in depressive symptoms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,77(5), 1061–1072.
Okama, P., & Shackelford, T. (2001). Human sex differences in sexual psychology and behaviour. Annual Review of Sex Research, 12(1), 186–241.
Pinker, S. (2002). The blank slate: The modern denial of human nature. New York: Penguin.
Rees, C., Jones, M., & Scott, T. (1995). Exploring men’s health in a men only group. Nursing Standard,9(45), 38–40.
Riessman, C. K. (1990). Divorce talk: Women and men make sense of personal relationships. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
Robertson, J., & Fitzgerald, L. (1990). The mistreatment of men: Effects of client gender role and lifestyle on diagnosis and attribution of pathology. Journal of Counselling Psychology,37, 3–9.
Roscoe, P. (2003). Margaret Mead, Reo Fortune, and Mountain Arapesh warfare. American Anthropologist,105(3), 581–591.
Royal Australian College of General Practitioners. (2006). Position statement on the role of general practitioners in delivering healthcare to Australian men. South Melbourne: RACGP.
Royal College of Psychiatrists. (2008). Men and depression. Retrieved from https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/healthadvice/problemsanddisorders/depressionmen.aspx.
Safe Work Australia. (2017). Key work health & safety statistics. Retrieved from https://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/system/files/documents/1709/em17-0212_swa_key_statistics_overview_0.pdf.
Sax, L. (2006). Why gender matters: What parents and teachers need to know about the emerging science of sex differences. New York: Broadway.
Sawrikar, P., & Hunt, C. J. (2003). The relationship between suppressing negative emotions and mental health among adolescents. Unpublished manuscript.
Seligman, M. (1975). Helplessness: On depression development and death. San Francisco, USA: Freeman.
Smith, J. (2007). Beyond masculine stereotypes: Moving men’s health promotion forward in Australia. Health Promotion Journal of Australia,18(1), 20–25.
Smith, P., Jostmann, N., Galinsky, A., & Van Dijk, W. (2008). Lacking power impairs executive functions. Psychological Science,19(5), 441–447.
Stoller, R. J. (1974). Facts and fancies: An examination of Freud’s concept of bisexuality. In J. Strouse (Ed.), Women and analysis (pp. 391–416). New York: Grossman Publishers.
Tamres, L., Janicki, D., & Helgeso, V. (2002). Sex differences in coping behaviour: A meta-analytic review. Personality and Social Psychology Review,6(1), 2–30.
Tudiver, F., & Talbot, Y. (1999). Why don’t men seek help? Family physicians’ perspectives on help-seeking behaviour in men. Journal of Family Practice,48, 47–52.
Walters, S. D. (2018, June 8). Why can’t we hate men? The Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/why-cant-we-hate-men/2018/06/08/f1a3a8e0-6451-11e8-a69c-b944de66d9e7_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.a8494f7b78bf.
Weiss, B. (2013, December 28). Camille Paglia: A feminist defense of masculine virtues. The Wall Street Journal.
Wills, T. A., Weiss, R. L., & Patterson, G. R. (1974). A behavioral analysis of the determinants of marital satisfaction. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,42(6), 802–811.
Woods, M. (2001). Men’s use of general practitioner services. New South Wales Public Health Bulletin,12(12), 334–335.
Wood, P. (2003, July 28). Sex and consequences. The American Conservative. Retrieved from http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/989490/posts.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ashfield, J.A., Gouws, D.S. (2019). Dignifying Psychotherapy with Men: Developing Empathic and Evidence-Based Approaches That Suit the Real Needs of the Male Gender. In: Barry, J.A., Kingerlee, R., Seager, M., Sullivan, L. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Male Psychology and Mental Health. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04384-1_30
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04384-1_30
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-04383-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-04384-1
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science and PsychologyBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)