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Cholesterol Effects on the Physical Properties of Lipid Membranes Viewed by Solid-state NMR Spectroscopy

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Cholesterol Modulation of Protein Function

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1115))

Abstract

In this chapter, we review the physical properties of lipid/cholesterol mixtures involving studies of model membranes using solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The approach allows one to quantify the average membrane structure, fluctuations, and elastic deformation upon cholesterol interaction. Emphasis is placed on understanding the membrane structural deformation and emergent fluctuations at an atomistic level. Lineshape measurements using solid-state NMR spectroscopy give equilibrium structural properties, while relaxation time measurements study the molecular dynamics over a wide timescale range. The equilibrium properties of glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and their binary and tertiary mixtures with cholesterol are accessible. Nonideal mixing of cholesterol with other lipids explains the occurrence of liquid-ordered domains. The entropic loss upon addition of cholesterol to sphingolipids is less than for glycerophospholipids, and may drive formation of lipid rafts. The functional dependence of 2H NMR spin–lattice relaxation (R 1Z) rates on segmental order parameters (S CD) for lipid membranes is indicative of emergent viscoelastic properties. Addition of cholesterol shows stiffening of the bilayer relative to the pure lipids and this effect is diminished for lanosterol. Opposite influences of cholesterol and detergents on collective dynamics and elasticity at an atomistic scale can potentially affect lipid raft formation in cellular membranes.

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Change history

  • 04 December 2021

    Correction to: Chapter 5 in: A. Rosenhouse-Dantsker, A. N. Bukiya (eds.), Cholesterol Modulation of Protein Function, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 1115,

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the US National Institutes of Health (R01EY012049 and R01EY026041) and the US National Science Foundation (MCB-1817862 and CHE-1904125).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA

    Trivikram R. Molugu & Michael F. Brown

  2. Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA

    Michael F. Brown

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  1. Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA

    Avia Rosenhouse-Dantsker

  2. The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA

    Anna N. Bukiya

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Molugu, T.R., Brown, M.F. (2019). Cholesterol Effects on the Physical Properties of Lipid Membranes Viewed by Solid-state NMR Spectroscopy. In: Rosenhouse-Dantsker, A., Bukiya, A.N. (eds) Cholesterol Modulation of Protein Function. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1115. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04278-3_5

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