Skip to main content

Connecting the Dots: Implications for Destinations and Policy Makers

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Medical Tourism in Germany

Part of the book series: Developments in Health Economics and Public Policy ((HEPP,volume 13))

  • 503 Accesses

Abstract

Chapter 7 provides a brief summary of the empirical results. The author draws lessons for Germany, examines the transferability of his findings to other destinations and derives policy implications. He concludes with a discussion of promising avenues for further research and informs future modeling.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Anderson, J. E., & van Wincoop, E. (2003). Gravity with gravitas: A solution to the border puzzle. The American Economic Review, 93, 170–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burger, M. J., van Oort, F., & Linders, G.-J. (2009). On the specification of the gravity model of trade: Zeros, excess zeros and zero-inflated estimation. Spatial Economic Analysis, 4, 167–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chaney, T. (2013). The gravity equation in international trade: An explanation (NBER Working Paper Series 19285). National Bureau of Economic Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, I. G. (2011). Medical tourism, access to health care, and global justice. Virginia Journal of International Law, 52, 1–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daskivich, T. J., Houman, J., Fuller, G., Black, J. T., Kim, H. L., & Spiegel, B. (2018). Online physician ratings fail to predict actual performance on measures of quality, value, and peer review. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 25(4), 401–407. https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocx083.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Esiyok, B., Çakar, M., & KurtulmuÅŸoÄŸlu, F. B. (2017). The effect of cultural distance on medical tourism. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 6, 66–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2016.03.001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • European Union. (2011). Directive 2011/24/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2011 on the application of patients’ rights in cross-border healthcare.

    Google Scholar 

  • Godey, B., Pederzoli, D., Aiello, G., Donvito, R., Chan, P., Oh, H., Singh, R., Skorobogatykh, I. I., Tsuchiya, J., & Weitz, B. (2012). Brand and country-of-origin effect on consumers’ decision to purchase luxury products. Journal of Business Research, 65, 1461–1470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.10.012.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, C. M. (2011). Health and medical tourism: A kill or cure for global public health? Tourism Review, 66, 4–15. https://doi.org/10.1108/16605371111127198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Helpman, E., Melitz, M., & Rubinstein, Y. (2008). Estimating trade flows: Trading partners and trading volumes. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 123, 441–487. https://doi.org/10.1162/qjec.2008.123.2.441.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klusen, N., Verheyen, F., & Wagner, C. (Eds.). (2011). England and Germany in Europe: What lessons can we learn from each other? (Vol. 32, 1st ed.). European Health Care Conference 2011, Beiträge zum Gesundheitsmanagement. Baden-Baden: Nomos-Verl.-Ges.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lunt, N., & Carrera, P. (2011). Systematic review of web sites for prospective medical tourists. Tourism Review, 66, 57–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lunt, N., Smith, R. D., Mannion, R., Green, S. T., Exworthy, M., Hanefeld, J., Horsfall, D., Machin, L., & King, H. (2014a). Implications for the NHS of inward and outward medical tourism: A policy and economic analysis using literature review and mixed-methods approaches. Health Services and Delivery Research, 2. https://doi.org/10.3310/hsdr02020.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lunt, N., Jin, K. N., Horsfall, D., & Hanefeld, J. (2014b). Insights on medical tourism: Markets as networks and the role of strong ties. Korean Social Science Journal, 41, 19–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40483-014-0012-7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manaf, N. H. A., Hussin, H., Kassim, P. N. J., Alavi, R., & Dahari, Z. (2015). Medical tourism service quality: Finally some empirical findings. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 26, 1017–1028. https://doi.org/10.1080/14783363.2015.1068597.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Musa, G., Doshi, D., Wong, K. M., & Thirumoorthy, T. (2012). How satisfied are inbound medical tourists in Malaysia? A study on private hospitals in Kuala Lumpur. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 29, 629–646. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2012.720150.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Noree, T., Hanefeld, J., & Smith, R. (2014). UK medical tourists in Thailand: They are not who you think they are. Globalization and Health, 10, 29. https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-8603-10-29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pollard, K. (2013). Medical tourism climate survey 2013. London: Intuition Communication Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenmöller, M., McKee, M., & Baeten, R. (2006). Patient mobility in the European Union: Learning from experience. Copenhagen: World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Staub, K. E., & Winkelmann, R. (2012). Consistent estimation of zero-inflated count models. Health Economics, 22, 673–686. https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.2844.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whittaker, A. (2015). ‘Outsourced’ patients and their companions: Stories from forced medical travellers. Global Public Health, 10, 485–500. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2014.998696.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, O. (2012). Global network of NHS hospitals to exploit brand: Services to be sold to the Gulf, Brazil, India and China. Independent 2012.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Schmerler, K. (2018). Connecting the Dots: Implications for Destinations and Policy Makers. In: Medical Tourism in Germany. Developments in Health Economics and Public Policy, vol 13. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03988-2_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics