Abstract
The digitalization of public administration presents significant challenge for many municipalities. At the same time, many larger cities have well progressed towards applying Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to develop modern urban spaces, commonly referred to as Smart Cities. Smart Cities are complex systems whereby ICT plays an essential role to address the needs of many stakeholders. Obviously public services are key for the development. However many municipalities and cities face challenges to transform and digitalize these services. Although single projects are often successful, the coordination and coherence of services, the consideration of many stakeholders together with strategic alignment is complex. The concept of Enterprise Architectures is seen in many organizations suitable to manage the complexity of heterogeneous systems and technologies. Therefore in this paper we extend our earlier work, and present key concepts for Enterprise Architecture Management in Smart Cities that can assist cities and municipalities to digitalize and transform public services. We particular focus on the alignment and connection related to the service layer in the Architectural Framework, and present key concepts related to this layer.
Keywords
- Digitalization
- Public services
- Enterprise architecture
- Smart city
- Service layer
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.
Buying options


References
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs: United Nations Population Division | Department of Economic and Social Affairs. http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/urbanization/urban-rural.shtml
Piro, G., Cianci, I., Grieco, L.A., Boggia, G., Camarda, P.: Information centric services in smart cities. J. Syst. Softw. 88, 169–188 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2013.10.029
Pourzolfaghar, Z., Helfert, M.: Taxonomy of smart elements for designing effective services. In: AMCIS, pp. 1–10 (2017)
Pourzolfaghar, Z., Helfert, M.: Investigating HCI challenges for designing smart environments (n.d.). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39399-5_8
Helfert, M., Ge, M.: Developing an enterprise architecture framework and services for smart cities. In: Doucek, P., Chroust, G., Oškrdal, V. (eds.) IDIMT-2017 Digitalization in Management, Society and Economy, pp. 383–390. Czech Republic, Poděbrady (2017)
Bastidas, V., Bezbradica, M., Helfert, M.: Cities as enterprises: a comparison of smart city frameworks based on enterprise architecture requirements. In: Alba, E., Chicano, F., Luque, G. (eds.) Smart Cities. Smart-CT 2017. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 10268, pp. 20–28. Springer, Cham (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59513-9_3
Peffers, K., Tuunanen, T., Rothenberger, M.A., Chatterjee, S.: A design science research methodology for information systems research. J. Manag. Inf. Syst. 24, 45–77 (2007)
ITU: Smart sustainable cities: An analysis of definitions, Focus Group Technical report. https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/focusgroups/ssc/Documents/Approved_Deliverables/TR-Definitions.docx
Anthopoulos, L., Fitsilis, P.: Exploring architectural and organizational features in smart cities. In: International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology, ICACT, pp. 190–195 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACT.2014.6778947
Šaša, A., Krisper, M.: Enterprise architecture patterns for business process support analysis. J. Syst. Softw. 84(9), 1480–1506 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2011.02.043
Clark, T., Barn, B.S., Oussena, S.: A Method for enterprise architecture alignment. In: Proper, E., Gaaloul, K., Harmsen, F., Wrycza, S. (eds.) Practice-Driven Research on Enterprise Transformation. PRET 2012. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, vol. 120, pp. 48–76. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31134-5_3
IEEE 42010-2007 - ISO/IEC Standard for Systems and Software Engineering - Recommended Practice for Architectural Description of Software-Intensive Systems. https://standards.ieee.org/findstds/standard/42010-2007.html
Giachetti, R.E.: A flexible approach to realize an enterprise architecture. Procedia Comput. Sci. 8, 147–152 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PROCS.2012.01.031
Espresso Project D4.2 – Definition of Smart City Reference Architecture
Kakarontzas, G., Anthopoulos, L., Chatzakou, D., Vakali, A.: A conceptual enterprise architecture framework for smart cities: a survey based approach. In: 11th International Conference e-Business, ICE-B 2014 - Part 11th International Joint Conference on E-Business and Telecommunications, ICETE 2014, pp. 47–54 (2014)
Lnenicka, M., Machova, R., Komarkova, J., Pasler, M.: Government enterprise architecture for big and open linked data analytics in a smart city ecosystem. In: Uskov, V.L., Howlett, R.J., Jain, L.C. (eds.) SEEL 2017. SIST, vol. 75, pp. 475–485. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59451-4_47
Anthopoulos, L.: Defining smart city architecture for sustainability. In: Electronic Government and Electronic Participation: Joint Proceedings of Ongoing Research and Projects of IFIP WG 8.5 EGOV and ePart 2015, pp. 140–147 (2015). https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-570-8-140
Mamkaitis, A., Bezbradica, M., Helfert, M.: Urban enterprise principles development approach: a case from a european city. In: AIS Pre-ICIS Work. IoT Smart City Challenges and Applications, Dublin, Ireland, pp. 1–9 (2016)
Winter, R., Fischer, R.: Essential layers, artifacts, and dependencies of enterprise architecture. In: 2006 10th IEEE International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference Workshops (EDOCW 2006), p. 30. IEEE (2006). https://doi.org/10.1109/EDOCW.2006.33
Meyer, M., Helfert, M.: Enterprise architecture. In: Computing Handbook Set – Information Systems and Information Technology. CRC Press (2014)
Czarnecki, A., Orłowski, C.: IT business standards as an ontology domain. In: Jędrzejowicz, P., Nguyen, N.T., Hoang, K. (eds.) Computational Collective Intelligence. Technologies and Applications. ICCCI 2011. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 6922, pp. 582–591. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23935-9_57
Desfray, P., Raymond, G.: Modeling Enterprise Architecture with TOGAF: A Practical Guide Using UML and BPMN. Morgan Kaufmann (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-419984-2.00001-X
The Open Group: Open Group Standard TOGAF Version 9.1 (2011)
Comerio, M., Castelli, M., Cremaschi, M.: Towards the definition of value-added services for citizens: a new model for the description of public administration services. Int. J. Manag. Inf. Technol. 4, 166–173 (2013)
Mohamed, N., Al-Jaroodi, J., Jawhar, I., Lazarova-Molnar, S., Mahmoud, S.: SmartCityWare: a service-oriented middleware for cloud and fog enabled Smart City services. IEEE Access 5, 17576–17588 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2731382
Zanella, A., Bui, N., Castellani, A., Vangelista, L., Zorzi, M.: Internet of things for smart cities. IEEE Int. Things J. 1(1), 22–32 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2014.2306328
Rong, W., Xiong, Z., Cooper, D., Li, C., Sheng, H.: Smart city architecture: a technology guide for implementation and design challenges. China Commun. 11(3), 56–69 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1109/CC.2014.6825259
Mathiassen, L., Sørensen, C.: Towards a theory of organizational information services. J. Inf. Technol. 23(4), 313–329 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1057/jit.2008.10
Hefnawy, A., Bouras, A., Cherifi, C.: IoT for smart city services. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Internet of Things and Cloud Computing, pp. 1–9 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1145/2896387.2896440
Consoli, S., Presutti, V., Recupero, D.R., Nuzzolese, A.G., Peroni, S., Gangemi, A.: Producing linked data for smart cities: the case of catania. Big Data Res. 7, 1–15 (2017)
Versteeg, G., Bouwman, H.: Business architecture: a new paradigm to relate business strategy to ICT. Inf. Syst. Front. 8(2), 91–102 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-006-7973-z
Anttiroiko, A.-V., Valkama, P., Bailey, S.J.: Smart cities in the new service economy: building platforms for smart services. AI Soc. 29(3), 323–334 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-013-0464-0
Al-Hader, M., Rodzi, A., Sharif, A.R., Ahmad, N.: Smart city components architicture. In: 2009 International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Modelling and Simulation, pp. 93–97. IEEE (2009). https://doi.org/10.1109/CSSim.2009.34
Anthopoulos, L.G., Siozos, P., Tsoukalas, I.A.: Applying participatory design and collaboration in digital public services for discovering and re-designing e-Government services. Gov. Inf. Q. 24(2), 353–376 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.GIQ.2006.07.018
Zakaria, N., Shamsi, A.J.: Smart city architecture: vision and challenges. Int. J. Adv. Comput. Sci. Appl. 6(11) (2015). https://doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2015.061132
Chourabi, H., et al.: Understanding smart cities: an integrative framework (2012). https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2012.615
Ferguson, D., Sairamesh, J., Feldman, S.: Open frameworks for information cities. Commun. ACM 47(2), 45 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1145/966389.966414
Filipponi, L., Vitaletti, A., Landi, G., Memeo, V., Laura, G., Pucci, P.: Smart city: an event driven architecture for monitoring public spaces with heterogeneous sensors. In: 2010 Fourth International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications, pp. 281–286. IEEE (2010). https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORCOMM.2010.50
Harrison, C., et al.: Foundations for smarter cities. IBM J. Res. Dev. 54(4), 1–16 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1147/JRD.2010.2048257
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Science Foundation Ireland grant “13/RC/2094” and co-funded under the European Regional Development Fund through the South-ern & Eastern Regional Operational Programme to Lero - the Irish Software Research Centre (www.lero.ie).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Helfert, M., Melo, V.A.B., Pourzolfaghar, Z. (2018). Digital and Smart Services - The Application of Enterprise Architecture. In: Alexandrov, D., Boukhanovsky, A., Chugunov, A., Kabanov, Y., Koltsova, O. (eds) Digital Transformation and Global Society. DTGS 2018. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 858. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02843-5_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02843-5_22
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-02842-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-02843-5
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)