Abstract
This chapter focuses on the approach taken within the European R&D project HOLISHIP to flexibly integrate and utilize software tools and systems of tools for the design, analysis, and optimization of maritime assets, primarily of ships. The tools and systems come from different developers, companies, and research institutes and, consequently, have been mostly used as stand-alone applications. The purpose of integration is to create (software) synthesis models that comprise many, if not all, key aspects that ought to be considered when working on a specific ship design task. Rather than proposing an all-encompassing single (monolithic) design system in a top-down approach, the idea pursued within HOLISHIP is to support bottom-up approaches, namely the ad hoc assembly of dedicated models that are fit for a specific purpose under the umbrella of a state-of-the-art computer-aided engineering (CAE) system, namely CAESES®. This CAE system will be elaborated in the present book chapter. The approach of tool integration will be discussed, and it will be shown how to replace time-consuming simulations by means of surrogate models. Examples taken from the design and optimization of a RoPAX ferry and of an offshore supply vessel will be given for illustration.
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Notes
- 1.
Naturally, it is hoped that this will add value to the creative and excellent design work that has been done over all the years since human beings have put to sea. In no way is the intention of this chapter to suggest that process integration and design optimization are the only ways to achieve further improvements.
- 2.
The following standards are supported by CAESES®: Import formats: iges, iges (deprecated), SAT (ACIS), STEP, PARASOLID, stl, DXF (subset), Offsets (NAPA/SHIPFLOW), PFF (propeller free format); Export formats: iges, iges (deprecated), iges (STAR-CCM+), SAT (ACIS), STEP, STEP (STAR-CCM+), PARASOLID, TETIN, stl, stl (color), stl (multi body), stl (extract colors), stl (OpenFOAM), stl (STAR-CCM+), GridPro, Convergence, Wavefront (Obj), VTK Format, Offsets, Plot3D (panel mesh), PFF, GeomTurbo (NUMECA), DXF (subset), FSC (CAESES script).
- 3.
With the exception of iso-parametric trim curves in the domain of the parent surface.
- 4.
However, the vast range of maritime assets and different design scenarios would call for an extraordinarily large effort of defining a unifying data set.
- 5.
The following strategies for exploration are provided internally by CAESES®: Sobol, exhaustive search, ensemble investigation, design assembler (externally defined matrix of variants), design lab (interactive variant creation). Furthermore, a range of complementary strategies are made available via DAKOTA by Sandia National Laboratories, e.g., Latin Hypercube and sensitivity analysis.
- 6.
The following strategies for exploitation are provided internally by CAESES®: Nelder–Mead Simplex, T-Search, Newton–Raphson, Brent (1d), NSGA II, MOSA. Furthermore, a large range of advanced strategies are made available via DAKOTA by Sandia National Laboratories, e.g., local optimization (multi-start), global optimization on response surface.
- 7.
One may wonder why the much more cumbersome RANSE simulation was not replaced by a surrogate model in the example given. This is because for the sake of reducing the overall computational burden the calm-water performance of the RoPAX ferry was first computed with FreSco+ as a viscous free-surface flow solver by HSVA, yielding the total resistance and propulsive efficiency of the appended baseline. Subsequently, a potential flow analysis of the non-linear wave resistance of the baseline’s bare hull was run with ν-Shallo, the non-linear potential flow code by HSVA. The performance of each variant was then determined by means of the difference between the baseline’s wave resistance and each variant’s wave resistance computed with the same panel code, utilizing a comparable discretization.
- 8.
This does not mean, as should be well noted, that the accuracy of the CFD simulation itself is within ±1% of experimental data.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Heinrich von Zadow, FRIENDSHIP SYSTEMS, for his support of the HOLISHIP project, his work on the parametric model of the RoPAX ferry and his contribution to this chapter.
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Harries, S., Abt, C. (2019). CAESES—The HOLISHIP Platform for Process Integration and Design Optimization. In: Papanikolaou, A. (eds) A Holistic Approach to Ship Design. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02810-7_8
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