Skip to main content

Rethinking Learning in the Rapid Developments of Neuroscience, Learning Technologies, and Learning Sciences

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Mind, Brain and Technology

Abstract

In this chapter, we discuss the purpose of this book and provide an overview of evolving discussions on the definitions of human learning, the processes of learning, and the methods to assess learning based on new advances and discoveries in learning sciences, learning technologies, and neurosciences.

If we teach today’s students as we taught yesterday’s, we rob them of tomorrow.

—John Dewey

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Alber, R. (2011). Six scaffolding strategies to use with your students. Edutopia. Retrieved August 16, 2018, from https://www.edutopia.org/blog/scaffolding-lessons-six-strategies-rebecca-alber.

  • Bainbridge, W. S. (2007). The scientific research potential of virtual worlds. Science, 317(5837), 472–476.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (1978). Social learning theory of aggression. Journal of Communication, 28(3), 12–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bar, M. (2007). The proactive brain: Using analogies and associations to generate predictions. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11(7), 280–289.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borgman, C. L., Abelson, H., Dirks, L., Johnson, R., Koedinger, K. R., Linn, M. C., et al. (2008). Fostering learning in the networked world: The cyberlearning opportunity and challenge, a 21st century agenda for the National Science Foundation. Report of the NSF task force on cyberlearning, 59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bransford, J. D., Brown, A. L., & Cocking, R. R. (Eds.). (2000). How people learn: Brain, mind, experience and school (pp. 3–23). Washington DC: National Academy Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruner, J., Goodnow, J., & Austin, G. (1986). A study of thinking (Social science classics series) (2nd ed.). New York: Transaction Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, A. (2008). Supersizing the mind: Embodiment, action, and cognitive extension. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, A., & Chalmers, D. (1998). The extended mind. Analysis, 58(1), 7–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Damasio, A. R., Tranel, D., & Damasio, H. C. (1991). Ch. 11: Somatic markers and the guidance of behaviour: Theory and preliminary testing. In: H. S. Levin, H. M. Eisenberg, & A. L. Benton (Eds.), Frontal lobe function and dysfunction (pp. 217–229). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dennett, D. C. (1996). Kinds of minds. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dewey, J. (1938). Experience & education. New York: Kappa Delta Pi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Di Pellegrino, G., Fadiga, L., Fogassi, L., Gallese, V., & Rizzolatti, G. (1992). Understanding motor events: A neurophysiological study. Experimental Brain Research, 91(1), 176–180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunbar, R. I. (2016). Do online social media cut through the constraints that limit the size of offline social networks? Royal Society Open Science, 3(1), 150292.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elman, J. L. (2009). On the meaning of words and dinosaur bones: Lexical knowledge without a lexicon. Cognitive Science, 33, 547–582.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Engin, M., Dalbastı, T., Güldüren, M., Davaslı, E., & Engin, E. Z. (2007). A prototype portable system for EEG measurements. Measurement, 40(9), 936–942.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ertmer, P. A., & Newby, T. J. (1993). Behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism: Comparing critical features from an instructional design perspective. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 6(4), 50–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gallese, V., Fadiga, L., Fogassi, L., & Rizzolatti, G. (1996). Action recognition in the premotor cortex. Brain, 119(2), 593–609.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, H. (1983). Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gluck, M. A., Mercado, E., & Myers, C. E. (2008). Learning and memory: From brain to behavior. New York: Worth Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, C. S., & Bavelier, D. (2008). Exercising your brain: A review of human brain plasticity and training-induced learning. Psychology and Aging, 23(4), 692.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hawkins, J., & Blakeslee, S. (2004). On intelligence. New York: Times Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heersmink, R., & Knight, S. (2018). Distributed learning: Educating and assessing extended cognitive systems. Philosophical Psychology, 31(6), 969–990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hollerman, J. R., & Schultz, W. (1998). Dopamine neurons report an error in the temporal prediction of reward during learning. Nature Neuroscience, 1(4), 304.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iacoboni, M., Molnar-Szakacs, I., Gallese, V., Buccino, G., Mazziotta, J. C., & Rizzolatti, G. (2005). Grasping the intentions of others with one’s own mirror neuron system. PLoS Biology, 3(3), e79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Immordino-Yang, M. H., & Damasio, A. (2007). We feel, therefore we learn: The relevance of affective and social neuroscience to education. Mind, Brain, and Education, 1(1), 3–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Immordino-Yang, M. H. (2008). The smoke around mirror neurons: Goals as sociocultural and emotional organizers of perception and action in learning. Mind, Brain, and Education, 2(2), 67–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Immordino-Yang, M. H. (2016). Emotion, sociality, and the brain’s default mode network: Insights for educational practice and policy. Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 3(2), 211–219.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Immordino-Yang, M. H., & Gotlieb, R. (2017). Embodied brains, social minds, cultural meaning. American Educational Research Journal, 54(1_suppl), 344S–367S.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kanai, R., Feilden, T., Firth, C., & Rees, G. (2011). Political orientations are correlated with brain structure in young adults. Current Biology, 21(8), 677–680.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kelso, J. S. (1997). Dynamic patterns: The self-organization of brain and behavior. Cambridge: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Konvalinka, I., & Roepstorff, A. (2012). The two-brain approach: How can mutually interacting brains teach us something about social interaction? Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6, 215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, L. (2009). Breadth-biased versus focused cognitive control in media multitasking behaviors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS), 106(37), 15521–15522.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, L., & Parsons, T. D. (2018). Ecologically valid assessments of attention and learning engagement in media multitaskers. TechTrends, 62(5), 518–524.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lui, K. F., & Wong, A. C. (2012). Does media multitasking always hurt? A positive correlation between multitasking and multisensory integration. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 19(4), 647–653.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mansbach, J. (2015). Using technology to develop students’ critical thinking skills. Northwestern School of Professional Learning: Distance learning. Retrieved August 16, 2018, from https://dl.sps.northwestern.edu/blog/2015/09/using-technology-to-develop-students-critical-thinking-skills/.

  • Maynard, L. (2006). The role of repetition in the practice sessions of artist teachers and their students. Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education, 167, 61–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • McMahan, T., Parberry, I., & Parsons, T. D. (2015). Modality specific assessment of video game player’s experience using the Emotiv. Entertainment Computing, 7, 1–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mills, C., Graesser, A., Risko, E. F., & D’Mello, S. K. (2017). Cognitive coupling during reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 146(6), 872–883.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Misyak, J. B., Christiansen, M. H., & Bruce Tomblin, J. (2010). Sequential expectations: The role of prediction-based learning in language. Topics in Cognitive Science, 2(1), 138–153.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oberman, L. M., Pineda, J. A., & Ramachandran, V. S. (2007). The human mirror neuron system: A link between action observation and social skills. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 2(1), 62–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ophir, E., Nass, C., & Wagner, A. D. (2009). Cognitive control in media multitaskers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(37), 15583–15587.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Papic, M., Mulligan, J., & Mitchelmore, M. (2011). Assessing the development of pre-schoolers’ mathematical patterning. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 42(3), 237–268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, T. D. (2015). Virtual reality for enhanced ecological validity and experimental control in the clinical, affective, and social neurosciences. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 9, 660.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, T. D. (2016). Clinical neuropsychology and technology: What’s new and how we can use it. New York: Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, T. D. (2017). Cyberpsychology and the brain: The interaction of neuroscience and affective computing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, T. D. (in press). Ethical challenges in digital psychology and cyberpsychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, T. D., Carlew, A. R., Magtoto, J., & Stonecipher, K. (2017). The potential of function-led virtual environments for ecologically valid measures of executive function in experimental and clinical neuropsychology. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 37(5), 777–807.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, T. D., Gagglioli, A., & Riva, G. (2017). Virtual environments in social neuroscience. Brain Sciences, 7(42), 1–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, T. D., & Kane, R. L. (2017). Computational neuropsychology: Current and future prospects for interfacing neuropsychology and technology. In R. Kane & T. D. Parsons (Eds.), The role of technology in clinical neuropsychology (pp. 471–482). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, T. D., McMahan, T., & Parberry, I. (in press). Neurogaming-based classification of player experience using consumer-grade electroencephalography. IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, T. D., & Phillips, A. (2016). Virtual reality for psychological assessment in clinical practice. Practice Innovations, 1, 197–217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, T. D., Riva, G., Parsons, S., Mantovani, F., Newbutt, N., Lin, L., et al. (2017). Virtual reality in pediatric psychology: Benefits, challenges, and future directions. Pediatrics, 140, 86–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pea, R., Nass, C., Meheula, L., Rance, M., Kumar, A., Bamford, H., et al. (2012). Media use, face-to-face communication, media multitasking, and social well-being among 8- to 12-year-old girls. Developmental Psychology, 48(2), 327–336.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, D. C., & Soltis, J. F. (2009). Perspectives on learning. Thinking about education (5th ed.). New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Piaget, J. (1964). Part I: Cognitive development in children: Piaget development and learning. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 2(3), 176–186.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Piaget, J., & Kamii, C. (1978). What is psychology? American Psychologist, 33(7), 648–652.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Poldrack, R. A., & Foerde, K. (2007). Category learning and the memory systems debate. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 32, 197–205.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Posner, M. I., & Rothbart, M. K. (2007). Research on attention networks as a model for the integration of psychological science. Annual Review of Psychology, 58(1), 1–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ramachandran, V. S. (2000). Mirror neurons and imitation learning as the driving force behind “the great leap forward” in human evolution, Edge Website article. Retrieved from http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/ramachandran/ramachandran_p1.html.

  • Ramachandran, V. S., & Oberman, L. M. (2006). Broken mirrors: A theory of autism. Scientific American, 295(5), 62–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roschelle, J., Ahn, J., Asbell-Clark, J., Berland, M., Chase, C., Enyedy, N., et al. (2017). Cyberlearning Community Report: The state of cyberlearning and the future of learning with technology. Menlo Park, CA: SRI International.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schilbach, L., Eickhoff, S. B., Rotarska-Jagiela, A., Fink, G. R., & Vogeley, K. (2008). Minds at rest? Social cognition as the default mode of cognizing and its putative relationship to the “default system” of the brain. Consciousness and Cognition, 17(2), 457–467.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, D. L., Tsang, J. T., & Blair, K. P. (2016). The ABCs of how we learn: 26 scientifically proven approaches, how they work, and when to use them. New York: W. W. Norton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siemens, G. (2005). Connectivism: A learning theory for the digital age. International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning, 2(1), 3–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silverman, A. (2014). Plato’s middle period metaphysics and epistemology. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy.

    Google Scholar 

  • Small, G. W., Moody, T. D., Siddarth, P., & Bookheimer, S. Y. (2009). Your brain on google: Patterns of cerebral activation during internet searching. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 17(2), 116–126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tilus, G. (2012). Six critical thinking skills you need to master now. Rasmussen College Blogs. Retrieved January 14, 2018, from http://www.rasmussen.edu/student-life/blogs/main/critical-thinking-skills-you-need-to-master-now/.

  • Trilling, B., & Fadel, C. (2009). 21st century skills: Learning for life in our times. San Francisco: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Department of Education. (2017a). Every Student Succeeds Act. U.S. Department of Education. Retrieved January 14, 2018, from https://www.ed.gov/esea.

  • U.S. Department of Education. (2017b). Reimagining the role of technology in education: National Education Technology Plan Update. Retrieved January 14, 2018, from https://tech.ed.gov/netp/.

  • Uncapher, M. R., Lin, L., Rosen, L. D., Kirkorian, H. L., Baron, N. S., Bailey, K., et al. (2017). Media multitasking and cognitive, psychological, neural, and learning differences. Pediatrics, 140(Supplement 2), S62–S66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Interaction between Learning and Development. In M. Cole, V. John-Steiner, S. Scribner, & E. Souberman (Eds.), Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vygotsky, L. S. (1986). Thought and language (Abridged from 1934; A. Kozulin, Trans.). Cambridge: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wheeler, M. (2011). Thinking beyond the brain: Educating and building, from the standpoint of extended cognition. Computational Cultures, 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wineburg, S. (2001). Historical thinking and other unnatural acts: Charting the future of teaching the past. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lin Lin .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Association for Educational Communications and Technology

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Lin, L., Parsons, T.D., Cockerham, D. (2019). Rethinking Learning in the Rapid Developments of Neuroscience, Learning Technologies, and Learning Sciences. In: Parsons, T.D., Lin, L., Cockerham, D. (eds) Mind, Brain and Technology. Educational Communications and Technology: Issues and Innovations. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02631-8_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02631-8_1

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-02630-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-02631-8

  • eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics