Abstract
-
1.
The human vocal fold is a vibrating tissue and vascular structures in organs which have the capacity to vibrate require a specific structure suitable for vibration.
-
2.
The structure of the blood vessels is unique at the vocal fold edge as a vibrating tissue, where only small vessels, including arterioles, venules, and capillaries, are present. The capillaries are distributed in the superficial layer of the lamina propria (Reinke’s space).
-
3.
The blood vessels enter the vocal fold edge from the anterior or posterior end of the membranous vocal fold and run essentially parallel to the vocal fold edge.
-
4.
Many pericytes can be seen around the capillaries in the human vocal fold mucosa. The cell bodies of the pericytes attach to capillary endothelial cells, and the branching processes encircle the capillaries and attach to the capillary endothelial cells at the tips. The processes of pericytes are in close contact with endothelial cells, sharing a common basement membrane with them. The tips of the processes form intercellular tight junctions with endothelial cells.
-
5.
The pericytes in the vocal fold mucosa appear to provide mechanical support and protection to the capillary walls, particularly during phonation. The pericytes also appear to regulate the diameter of the capillary during and after phonation. Pericytes are also thought to be critical cells in vascular biology and angiogenesis, especially in revascularization following vocal fold tissue injury.
-
6.
At birth, pericytes have already encircled the capillaries in the newborn vocal fold mucosa. The pericytes appear ready to provide support and protection of the blood vessels just after birth.
-
7.
Vascular structures and their permeability are related to the specific structures and specific diseases of the human vocal fold mucosa as a vibrating tissue.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Colton R, Woo P (2014) Measuring vocal fold function. In: Rubin J, Sataloff R, Korovin G (eds) Diagnosis and treatment of voice disorders, 4th edn. Plural Publishing, San Diego, pp 253–287
Fawcett DW (1994) Blood and lymph vascular systems. A textbook of histology. Chapman & Hall, New York, pp 368–409
Frenzel H, Kleinsasser O (1982) Ultrastructural study on the small blood vessels of human vocal cords. Arch Otorhinolaryngol 236:147–160
Hirano M (1975) Phonosurgery. Basic and clinical investigation. Otologia (Fukuoka) 21(Suppl 1):239–442
Hirano M, Koike Y, Hirose K, Kasuya T (1974) Observation of mucous membrane of human vocal cords under electron microscopy. Jpn J Otol Tokyo 77:650–660
Hiroto I, Toyozumi Y, Tomita H, Miyagi T, Kuroki K, Koike Y, Matsushita H (1969) An experimental study on the hemodynamics of the vocal fold during vibration. Jpn J Otol Tokyo 72:884–888
Lebeux YJ, Willemot J (1978) Actin- and myosin-like filaments in rat brain pericytes. Anat Rec 190:811–826
Mihashi S, Okada M, Kurita S, Nagata M, Oda M, Hirano M, Nakashima T (1981) Vascular network of the vocal fold. In: Stevens KN, Hirano M (eds) Vocal fold physiology. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, pp 45–59
Murakami M, Sugita A, Shimada T, Nakamura K (1979) Surface view of pericytes on the retinal capillary in rabbits revealed by scanning electron microscopy. Arch Histol Jpn 42:297–303
Postma GN, Courey MS, Ossoff RH (1998) Microvascular lesions of the true vocal fold. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 107:472–476
Rhodin JA (1968) Ultrastructure of mammalian venous capillaries, venules, and small collection veins. J Ultrastruct Res 25:452–500
Ribatti D, Nico B, Crivellato E (2011) The role of pericytes in angiogenesis. Int J Dev Biol 55:261–268
Sato K (2018) Functional histoanatomy of the human larynx. Springer, Singapore
Sato K, Hirano M (1997) Fine three-dimensional structure of pericytes in the vocal fold mucosa. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 106:490–494
Sato K, Hirano M, Nakashima T (1999) Electron microscopic and immunohistochemical investings of Reinke’s edema. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 108:1068–1072
Sheveiki D, Itin A, Soffer D, Keshet E (1992) Vascular endothelial growth factor induced by hypoxia may mediate hypoxia-initiated angiogenesis. Nature 359:843–845
Shimada T, Nakamura M, Kitahara Y, Kawahara H (1982) Microvasculature of the rat mammary gland using the chemical digestion method. J Electron Microsc 31:185–190
Shimada T, Kitamura H, Nakamura M (1992) Three-dimensional architecture of pericytes with special reference to their topographical relationship to microvascular beds. Arch Histol Cytol 55:77–85
Weibel ER (1974) On pericytes, particularly their existence on lung capillaries. Microvasc Res 8:218–235
Zimmermann KW (1923) Der feinere Bau der Blutcapillaren. Z Anat Entwicklungsgesch 68:29–109
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sato, K. (2018). Pericytes in the Human Vocal Fold Mucosa. In: Birbrair, A. (eds) Pericyte Biology - Novel Concepts. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1109. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02601-1_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02601-1_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-02600-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-02601-1
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)