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Nanotheranostics for Cancer Applications pp 109–132Cite as

In Vitro Cancer Diagnostics

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Part of the book series: Bioanalysis ((BIOANALYSIS,volume 5))

Abstract

Cancer is a highly complex system and the second most common cause of death in the United States. Substantial efforts and investment have been made to understand the mechanism, develop diagnostic tools with better biomarkers, and improve therapeutics. To overcome the challenges associated with improving cancer outcomes, understanding the essential concepts behind diagnostic tests and their common modalities, as well as promising nanotechnology-based techniques used in the field, is greatly necessary. Thus, the basic concepts of a diagnostic test such as medical sensitivity and specificity are discussed in this chapter. The associated concepts of positive or negative predictive value and receiver operating characteristic curve are also explained with regard to their utility in evaluating diagnostic tests. In addition, the principles of genomic, proteomic, and cellular techniques used in cancer research are briefly reviewed, and nanotechnology-based diagnostic modalities in each corresponding category are introduced to highlight the impact of nanotechnology in the field of cancer diagnostics. Nanotechnology has demonstrated tremendous utility to cancer biomarker detection over the past decades and will indubitably be the key to future developments in cancer diagnosis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea

    Jung-Rok Lee

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

    Chin Chun Ooi

  3. Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

    Shan X. Wang

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  2. Chin Chun Ooi
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  3. Shan X. Wang
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Correspondence to Shan X. Wang .

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  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA

    Prakash Rai

  2. National Cancer Institute, NIH Nanodelivery Systems and Devices Branch Cancer Imaging Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Rockville, MD, USA

    Stephanie A. Morris

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Lee, JR., Ooi, C.C., Wang, S.X. (2019). In Vitro Cancer Diagnostics. In: Rai, P., Morris, S.A. (eds) Nanotheranostics for Cancer Applications. Bioanalysis, vol 5. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01775-0_6

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