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Self-Harm/Suicidality in Corrections

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The Practice of Correctional Psychology

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Abstract

Suicide is a leading cause of death in prisons worldwide, and suicide rates among inmate populations are consistently higher than in the population at large (Fazel et al., Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 46:191–195, 2011). Female prisoner suicide rates are higher than rates found in the general (female) population (e.g., Daigle et al., International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 29:343–354, 2006). Evidence-based approaches to suicidality have shown great promise in a number of countries (Daigle et al., Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention 28:122–130, 2007). This chapter presents an up-to-date, clinically practical review of literature on inmate suicide and self-harm. We summarize prevalence of suicide within prisons, review theories about inmate suicidality, diagnostic and assessment approaches to inmate suicidality within prisons, and treatment approaches used within prisons to address inmate suicidality. It is important to quickly and accurately identify suicidal thoughts and behaviors among inmates, and to implement best supported practices. As noted by Franklin and colleagues (2016) in an analyses of suicide research, there is not yet a dominant approach or set of approaches to explain suicide. Correctional practitioners must design programs that address suicide at various points in time. There are many unanswered questions in the research on inmate suicidality and self-injurious behavior. Theoretical models show some promise, e.g., the diathesis-stress model and the interpersonal theory of suicide, but more research is needed on the causes of inmate suicidality and self-harm. There are a variety of clinical and actuarial tools available for identifying and treating at-risk inmates; research indicates that the best screening strategies should include an actuarial tool, combined with clinical judgment for assessment of inmates who may have an acute risk of suicidal behavior. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) based models show the most promise for effective treatment. More longitudinal research with inmates is needed in order for practitioners to more effectively screen for, and treat, inmates at risk of suicide.

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  1. Psychology Department, Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, NS, Canada

    Matthew R. Labrecque & Marc W. Patry

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  1. Psychology Department, Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, NS, Canada

    Marguerite Ternes

  2. George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA

    Philip R. Magaletta

  3. Psychology Department, Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, NS, Canada

    Marc W. Patry

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Labrecque, M.R., Patry, M.W. (2018). Self-Harm/Suicidality in Corrections. In: Ternes, M., Magaletta, P., Patry, M. (eds) The Practice of Correctional Psychology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00452-1_11

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