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Maladie cœliaque et malabsorptions

  • Chapter
Radiologie de l’intestin grêle

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Résumé

La maladie cœliaque ou sprue est une malabsorption liée à une atrophie de la muqueuse duodenojejunal, curable par un régime sans gluten. Elle est la première cause des diarrhées chroniques de l’intestin grêle. Cette affection fréquente chez l’enfant (1 pour 3 000) apparaît beaucoup plus rarement chez l’adulte (1 pour 100 000). Elle survient alors à tout âge, la moyenne étant de 50 ans. Alors qu’elle atteint deux fois plus souvent les enfants de sexe féminin, elle est d’égale fréquence chez l’homme ou la femme adulte. Il s’agit d’une maladie génétique à manifestation irrégulière, atteignant un enfant sur 50 dans les familles prédisposées. Divers arguments plaident pour une origine immunoallergique. L’allergène est constitué par la gliadine du gluten contenue dans certaines farines. Parmis les sujets atteints, on retrouve une forte proportion de groupes d’histocomptabilité HLA-B8 et DRW3.

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Maladie cœliaque

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. 151, avenue de Saxe, 69003, Lyon, France

    Docteur Pierre Bret

  2. 28, avenue Foch, 07300, Tournon, France

    Docteur Christine Cuche

  3. Service de Radiologie - Clinique médicale B, Hospices civils de Strasbourg, 1, place de l’Hôpital, 67091, Strasbourg Cedex, France

    Docteur Gérard Schmutz

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  1. Docteur Pierre Bret
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Bret, P., Cuche, C., Schmutz, G. (1989). Maladie cœliaque et malabsorptions. In: Radiologie de l’intestin grêle. Springer, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0859-8_5

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