Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Strategies for development of vaccines against Toxoplasma gondii

  • Conference paper
Congenital toxoplasmosis

  • 369 Accesses

Abstract

Toxoplasma gondii can infect a wide range of intermediate hosts and, as outlined elsewhere(chapter 4.1), transmission from the meat of pigs and lambs is an important route of infection for humans. Another source is oocysts shed by cats into the environment, thereby contaminating soil, vegetables and childrens’ sand pits. In humans, more than 90% of primary infections pass either unnoticed or with only mild clinical symptoms. However, if a primary infection occurs during pregnancy, the child may be born congenitally infected with varying degrees of damage (chapter 2.1). Infection with T. gondii is therefore theoretically a preventable disease and it is important that advice on hygiene, aimed at breaking the two main routes of transmission, is heeded by those most at risk such as pregnant women. However, if education could be supported by an effective vaccine the incidence of disease could be further reduced.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Innes EA (1997) Toxoplasmosis: comparative species susceptibilty and host immune response. Comp Immun Microbiol Infect Dis 20: 131–138

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Gazzinelli RT, Hieny S, Wynn TA, Wolf S, Sher A (1993) Interleukin 12 is required for the Tlymphocyte-independent induction of interferon y by an intracellular parasite and induces resistance in T-cell deficient hosts. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90: 6115–6119

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Gazzinelli RT, Denkers EY, Sher A (1993) Host resistance to Toxoplasma gondii: model for studying the selective induction of cell mediated immunity by intracellular parasites. Infect Agents Dis 2: 139–149

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Petersen E, Nielsen HV, Christiansen L, Spenter J (1998) Immunization with E-coli produced recombinant T. gondii SAG1 with alum as adjuvant protect mice against lethal infection with Toxoplasma gondii. Vaccine 16: 1283–1289

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Gazzinelli RT, Hayashi S, Wysocka M, Carrera L, Kuhn R, Muller W, Roberge F, Trinchieri G, Sher A (1994) Role of IL-12 in the initiation of cell mediated immunity by Toxoplasma gondii and its regulation by IL-10 and nitric oxide. J Eukar Microbiol 41 (Suppl)5: 9

    Google Scholar 

  6. Denkers EY, Gazzinelli RT (1998) Regulation and function of T-cell-mediated immunity during Toxoplasma gondii infection. Clin Microbiol Rev 11: 569–580

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Shirahata T, Yamashita T, Ohta C, Goto H, Nakane A (1994) CD8’ T lymphocytes are the major cell population involved in the early gamma interferon response and resistance to acute primary Toxoplasma gondii infection in mice. Microbiol Immunol 38: 789–796

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Suzuki Y, Remington JS (1988) Dual regulation of resistance against Toxoplasma gondii infection by Lyt-2’ and Lyt-l’, L3T4’ T cells in mice. J Immunol 140: 3943–3946

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Curiel TJ, Krug EC, Purner MB, Poignard P, Berens RL (1993) Cloned human CD4’ cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for Toxoplasma gondii lyse tachyzoite-infected target cells J Immunol 151: 2024–2031

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Buzoni-Gatel D, Lepage AC, Dimier-Poisson IH, Bout DT, Kasper LH (1997) Adoptive transfer of gut intraepithelial lymphocytes protects against murine infection with Toxoplasma gondii. J Immunol 158: 5883–5889

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Lepage AC, Buzoni-Gatel D, Bout DT, Kasper LH (1998) Gut-derived intraepithelial lymphocytes induce long term immunity against Toxoplasma gondii. J Immunol 161: 4902–4908

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Innes EA, Wastling JM (1995) Analysis of in vivo immune responses during Toxoplasma gondii infection using the technique of lymphatic cannulation. Parasitol Today 11: 268–271

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Innes EA, Panton WRM, Sanderson A, Thomson K, Wastling JM, Maley S, Buxton D (1995) Induction of CD4’ and CD8’ T-cell responses in efferent lymph responding to Toxoplasma gondii infection: analysis of phenotype and function. Parasit Immunol 17: 151–160

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Zanovello P, Vallerani E, Biasi G, Landolfo S, Collavo D (1988) Monoclonal antibody against IFN-y inhibits Maloney murine sarcoma virus-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte differentiation. J Immunol 140: 1341–1344

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Innes EA, Panton WRM, Thomson KM, Maley S, Buxton D (1995) Kinetics of interferon gamma production in vivo during infection with the S48 vaccine strain of Toxoplasma gondii. J Comp Pathol 113: 89–94

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Parker SJ, Roberts CW, Alexander J (1991) CD8’ T cells are the major lymphocyte subpopulation involved in the protective immune response to Toxoplasma gondii in mice. Clin Exp Immunol 84: 207–212

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Khan IA, Ely KH, Kasper LH (1994) Antigen-Specific CD8’ T Cell Clone Protects Against Acute Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Mice. J Immunol 152: 1856–1860

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Montoya JG, Lowe KE, Clayberger C, Moody D, Do D, Remington JS, Talib S, Subauste CS (1996) Human CD4’ and CD8’ T lymphocytes are both cytotoxic to Toxoplasma gondii-infected cells. Infect Immun 64: 176–181

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Purner MB, Berens RL, Nash PB, Vanlinden A, Ross E, Kruse C, Krug EC, Curiel TJ (1996) CD4-mediated and CD8-mediated cytotoxic and proliferative immune responses to Toxoplasma gondii in seropositive humans. Infect Immun 64: 4330–4338

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Hakim FT, Gazzinelli RT, Denkers E, Hieny S, Shearer GM, Sher A (1991) CD8+ T cells from mice vaccinated against Toxoplasma gondii are cytotoxic for parasite-infected or antigen-pulsed host cells. J Immunol 147: 2310–2316

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Subauste CS, Koniaris AH, Remington JS (1991) Murine CD8’ cytotoxic T lymphocytes lyse Toxoplasma gondii infected cells. J Immunol 147: 3955–3959

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Denkers EY, Yap G, Scharton-Kersten T, Charest H, Butcher BA, Caspar P, Heiny S, Sher A (1997) Perforin-mediated cytolysis plays a limited role in host resistance to Toxoplasma gondii. J Immunol 159: 1903–1908

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Kägl D, Ledermann B, Bürkl K, Seller P, Odermatt B, Olsen KJ, Podac ER, Zinkernagel RM, Hengartner H (1994) Cytotoxicity mediated by T cells and natural killer cells is greatly impaired in perforin-deficient mice. Nature 369: 31–37

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Shresta S, Pham CTN, Thomas DA, Graubert TA, Ley TJ (1998) How do cytotoxic lymphocytes kill their targets? Curr Opin Immunol 10: 581–587

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Gazzinelli RT, Hakim FT, Hieny S, Shearer GM, Sher A (1991) Synergistic role of CD4’ and CD8’ T lymphocytes in IFN-gamma production and protective immunity induced by an attenuated Toxoplasma gondii vaccine. J Immunol 146: 286–292

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Johnson L, Vander Vegt FP, Havell EA (1993) Gamma interferon-dependent temporary resistance to acute Toxoplasma gondii infection independent of CD4’ or CD8’ lymphocytes. Infect Immun 61: 5174–5180

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Beaman MH, Hunter CA, Remington JS (1994) Enhancement of intracellular replication of Toxoplasma gondii by IL-6–Interactions with IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. J Immunol 153: 4583–4587

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Scharton-Kersten TM, Wynn TA, Denkers EY, Bala S, Grunvald E, Hieny S, Gazzinelli RT, Sher A (1996) In the absence of endogenous IFN-gamma, mice develop unimpaired IL-12 responses to Toxoplasma gondii while failing to control acute infection. J Immunol 157: 4045–4054

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Suzuki Y, Remington JS (1990) The effect of anti-IFN-y antibody on the protective effect of Lyt 2+ immune T-cells against Toxoplasmosis in mice. J Immunol 144: 1954–1956

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Horspool JH, Perrin PJ, Woodcock JB, Cox JH, King CL, June CH, Harlan DM, St. Louise DC, Lee KP (1998) Nucleic acid vaccination-induced immune responses require CD28 costimulation and are regulated by CTLA4. J Immunol 160: 2706–2714

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Buxton D, Innes EA (1995) A commercial vaccine for ovine toxoplasmosis. Parasitol 110 (Suppl.): 11–16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Wastling JM, Harkins D, Maley S, Innes EA, Panton WRM, Thomson K, Buxton D (1995) Kinetics of the local and systemic antibody response to primary and secondary infection with S48 Toxoplasma gondii in sheep. J Comp Path 112: 53–62

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Schreiber RD, Feldman HA (1980) Identification of the activator system for antibody to Toxoplasma as the classical complement pathway. J Inf Dis 141: 366–369

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Krahenbuhl JL, Ruskin J, Remington JS (1972) The use of killed vaccines in immunization against an intracellular parasite: Toxoplasma gondii. J Immunol 108: 425–431

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Johnson AM, McDonald PJ, Neoh SH (1983) Monoclonal antibodies to Toxoplasma cell membrane surface antigens protect mice from toxoplasmosis. J Protozool 30: 351–356

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Pfefferkorn ER, Pfefferkorn LC (1976) Toxoplasma gondii: isolation and preliminary characterisation of temperature-sensitive mutants. Exp Parasitol 39: 365–376

    Google Scholar 

  37. Waldeland H, Frenkel JK (1983) Temperature sensitive mutants of Toxoplasma gondii: pathogenicity and persistence in mice. J Parasitol 69: 171–175

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. O’Connell E, Wilkins MF, TePunga WA (1988) Toxoplasmosis in sheep. II. The ability of a live vaccine to prevent lambing losses after an intravenous challenge with Toxoplasma gondii. N Z Vet J 36: 1–4

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Wilkins MF, O’Connell E, TePunga WA (1988) Toxoplasmosis in sheep. III. Further evaluation of the ability of a live Toxoplasma gondii vaccine to prevent lamb losses and reduce congenital infection following experimental oral challenge. N Z Vet J 36: 86–89

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Buxton D, Thomson K, Maley S, Wright S, Bos HJ (1991) Vaccination of sheep with a live incomplete strain (S48) of Toxoplasma gondii and their immunity to challenge when pregnant. Vet Rec 129: 89–93

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Buxton D, Thomson K, Maley S, Wright S, Bos HJ (1993) Experimental challenge of sheep 18 months after vaccination with a live (S48) Toxoplasma gondii vaccine. Vet Rec 133: 310–312

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Dubey JP, Urban JF, Davis SW (1991) Protective immunity to toxoplasmosis in pigs vaccinated with a nonpersistent strain of Toxoplasma gondii. Am J Vet Res 52: 1316–1319

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Dubey JP, Baker DG, Davis SW, Urban JF, Sken SK (1994) Persistence of immunity to toxoplasmosis in pigs vaccinated with a nonpersistent strain of Toxoplasma gondii. Am J Vet Res 55: 982–987

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Dubey JP, Jenkins MC, Thayer DW, Kwok OCH, Shen SK (1996) Killing of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts by irradiation and protective immunity induced by vaccination with irradiated oocysts. J Parasit 82: 724–727

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Dubey JP, Lunney JK, Shen SK, Kwok OCH (1998) Immunity to toxoplasmosis in pigs fed irradiated Toxoplasma gondii oocysts. J Parasit 84: 749–752

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Frenkel JK, Pfefferkorn ER, Smith DD, Fishback JL (1991) Prospective vaccine prepared from a new mutant of Toxoplasma gondii for use in cats. Am J Vet Res 52: 759–763

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Choromanski L, Freyre A, Popiel R, Brown K, Grieve R, Shibley G (1995) Safety and efficacy of modified feline Toxoplasma gondii vaccine. Dev Biol Stand 84: 269–281

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Beverley JKA, Archer JF, Watson WA, Fawcett AR (1971) Trial of a killed vaccine in the prevention of ovine abortion due to toxoplasmosis. Br Vet J 127: 529–534

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Wilkins MF, O’Connell E, TePunga WA (1987) Toxoplasmosis in sheep. I. Effect of a killed vaccine on lambing losses caused by experimental challenge with Toxoplasma gondii. N Z Vet J 35: 31–34

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Uggla A, Araujo FG, Lundén A, Lövgren K, Remington JS, Morein B (1988) Immunizing effects in mice of two Toxoplasma gondii Iscom preparations. J Vet Med B 35: 311–314

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Buxton D, Uggla A, Lövgren K, Thomson K, Lundén A, Morein B, Blewett DA (1989) Trial of a novel ISCOM vaccine in pregnant sheep. Br Vet J 145: 451–457

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Lundén A (1995) Immune responses in sheep after immunization with Toxoplasma gondii antigens incorporated into iscoms. Vet Parasit 56: 23–35

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Khan IA, Smith KA, Kasper LH (1988) Induction of antigen-specific parasiticidal cytotoxic T cell splenocytes by a major membrane protein (P30) of Toxoplasma gondii. J Immunol 141: 3600–3605

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Mineo JR, McLeod R, Mack D, Smith J, Khan IA, Ely KH, Kasper LH (1993) Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii major surface protein (SAG-1, P30) inhibit infection of host cells and are produced in murine intestine after peroral infection. J Immunol 150: 3951–3964

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Bülow R, Boothroyd JC (1991) Protection of mice from fatal Toxoplasma gondii infection by immunization with p30 antigen in liposomes. J Immunol 147: 3496–3500

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Bourguin I, Chardes T, Bout D (1993) Oral immunization with Toxoplasma gondii antigens in association with cholera toxin induces enhanced protective and cell-mediated immunity in C57BL/6 mice. Infect Immun 61: 2082–2088

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Debard N, Buzoni-Gatel D, Bout D (1996) Intranasal immunization with SAG1 protein of Toxoplasma gondii in association with cholera toxin dramatically reduces development of cerebral cysts after oral infection. Infect Immun 64: 2158–2166

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Kasper LH, Currie KM, Bradley S (1985) An unexpected response to vaccination with a purified major membrane tachyzoite antigen (P30) of Toxoplasma gondii. J Immunol 134: 34263431

    Google Scholar 

  59. Mowat A Mcl, Donachie AM, Reid G, Jarret O (1991) Immune stimulating complexes containing Quit A and protein antigen prime class I MHC-restricted T lymphocytes in vivo and are immunogenic by the oral route. Immunol 72: 317–322

    Google Scholar 

  60. Cesbron-Delauw MF, Tomavo S, Beauchamps P, Fourmaux MP, Camus D, Capron A, Dubremetz JF (1994) Similarities between the primary structures of two distinct major surface proteins of Toxoplasma gondii. J Biol Chem 269: 16217–16222

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Lundén A, Parmley SF, Bengtsson KL, Araujo FG (1997) Use of a recombinant antigen, SAG2, expressed as a glutathione-S-transferase fusion protein to immunize mice against Toxoplasma gondii. Parasitol Res 83: 6–9

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Bohne W, Gross U, Ferguson DJ, Heesemann J (1995) Cloning and characterization of a bradyzoite-specifically expressed gene (hsp30/bagl) of Toxoplasma gondii, related to genes encoding small heat-shock proteins of plants. Mol Microbiol 16: 1221–1230

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Odberg Ferragut C, Soete M, Engels A, Samyn B, Loyens A, Van Beeumen J, Camus D, Dubremetz JF (1996) Molecular cloning of the Toxoplasma gondii SAG4 gene encoding an 18 kDa bradyzoite specific surface protein. Mol Biochem Parasitol 82: 237–244

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Roberts CW, Brewer JM, Alexander J (1994) Congenital toxoplasmosis in the Balb/c mouse: Prevention of vertical disease transmission and fetal death by vaccination. Vaccine 12: 13891394

    Google Scholar 

  65. Powers DC, Manning MC, Hanscome PJ, Pietrobon PJ (1995) Cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to a liposome-adjuvanted influenza A virus vaccine in the elderly. J Infect Dis 172: 11031107

    Google Scholar 

  66. Zhou F, Rouze B, Huang L (1992) Induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vivo with protein antigen entrapped in membranous vesicles. J Immunol 149: 1599–1604

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Scott P (1993) IL-12: initiation cytokine for cell-mediated immunity. Science 260: 496–497

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Tighe H, Corr M, Roman M, Raz E (1998) Gene vaccination: plasmid DNA is more than just a blueprint. Parasitol Today 19: 89–97

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Fomsgaard A, Vedel Nielsen H, Johansson K, Nielsen, Machuca R, Bruun L, Hansen J, Buus Soren (1998) Improved humoral and cellular immune responses against the gp 120 V3 loop of HIV-1 folowing genetic immunization with a chimeric DNA vaccine encoding the V3 inserted into the Hepatitis B Surface antigen. Scand J Immunol 47: 289–95

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Alarcon JB, Waine GW, McManus DP (1999) DNA vaccines: technology and application as antiparasite and anti-microbial agents. Adv Parasitol 42: 343–410

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Burns JM Jr, Adeeku EK, Dunn PD (1999) Protective immunization with a novel membrane protein of Plasmodium yoelii-infected erythrocytes. Infect Immun 67: 675–680

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Rodriguez F, An LL, Harkins S, Zhang J, Yokoyama M, Widera G, Fuller JT, Kincaid C, Campbell IL, Whitton JL (1998) DNA immunization with minigenes: low frequency of memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes and inefficient antiviral protection are rectified by ubiquitination. J Virol 72: 5174–5181

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Leitner WW, Seguin MC, Ballou WR, Seitz JP, Schultz AM, Sheehy MJ, Lyon JA (1997) Immune responses induced by intramuscular or gene gun injection of protective deoxyribonucleic acid vaccines that express the circumsporozoite protein from Plasmodium berghei malaria parasites. J Immunol 159: 6112–6119

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Becker SI, Wang R, Hedstrom RC, Aguiar JC, Jones TR, Hoffman SL, Gardner MJ (1998) Protection of mice against Plasmodium yoelii sporozoite challenge with P. yoelii merozoite surface protein 1 DNA vaccines. Infect Immun 66: 3457–3461

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Hanke T, Schneider J, Gilbert SC, Hill AV, McMichael A (1998) DNA multi-CTL epitope vaccines for HIV and Plasmodium falciparum: immunogenicity in mice. Vaccine 16: 426–435

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. H. V. Nielsen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. E. A. Innes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. E. Petersen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. D. Buxton
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculté de Médecine de Grenoble, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France

    Pierre Ambroise-Thomas

  2. Statenserum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Peter Eskild Petersen

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2000 Springer-Verlag France

About this paper

Cite this paper

Nielsen, H.V., Innes, E.A., Petersen, E., Buxton, D. (2000). Strategies for development of vaccines against Toxoplasma gondii . In: Ambroise-Thomas, P., Petersen, P.E. (eds) Congenital toxoplasmosis. Springer, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0847-5_26

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0847-5_26

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Paris

  • Print ISBN: 978-2-287-59664-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-2-8178-0847-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation