Skip to main content

Abstract

Blood leukocytes consist of a heterogeneous group of specialized immune cells including lymphocytes, granulocytes and monocytes, which circulate through the vasculature in a quiescent state of low adhesiveness before migrating into tissues. Lymphocytes recirculate between tissue compartments during immune surveillance and participate with other leukocytes in defending against invading microorganisms. Several families of adhesion molecules expressed on endothelial cells, the extracellular matrix and on leukocytes are required to mediate the effective and specific recruitment of leukocytes from inside the vasculature to extravascular sites where they can fulfill their specific task.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Reference List

  1. Aigner S, Ramos CL, Hafezi-Moghadam A, Lawrence MB, Altevogt P, Ley K (1998) CD24 Mediates Rolling of Breast Carcinoma Cells on P-selectin. FASEB. 12: 1241–51.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Albelda SM, Muller WA, Buck CA, Newman PJ (1991) Molecular and Cellular Properties of PECAM-1 (endoCAM/CD31)–a Novel Vascular Cell-Cell Adhesion Molecule. J. Cell Biol. 114: 1059–68.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Allport JR, Ding H, Collins T, Gerritsen ME, Luscinskas FW (1997) Endothelial-dependent Mechanisms Regulate Leukocyte Transmigration - a Process Involving the Proteasome and Disruption of the Vascular Endothelial-Cadherin Complex at Endothelial Cell-to-cell Junctions. J. Exp. Med. 186: 517–27.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Alon R, Fuhlbrigge RC, Finger EB, Springer TA (1996) Interactions Through L-selectin Between Leukocytes and Adherent Leukocytes Nucleate Rolling Adhesions on Selectins and VCAM-1 in Shear Flow. J. Cell Biol. 135: 849–65.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Alon R, Hammer DA, Springer TA (1995) Lifetime of the P-selectin-carbohydrate Bond and its Response to ‘1 nsile Force in Hydrodynamic Flow. Nature. 374: 539–42.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Alon R, Kassner PD, Carr MW, Finger EB, Hemler ME, Springer TA (1995) The Integrin VLA-4 Supports Tethering and Rolling in Flow on VCAM-1. J. Cell Biol. 128: 1243–53.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Anderson DC, Springer TA (1987) Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency: An Inherited Defect in the Mac-1, LFA-1 and p150,95 Glycoproteins. Annu. Rev. Med. 38: 175–94.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Arbones ML, Ord DC, Ley K, Ratech H, Maynard-Curry C, Otten G, Capon DJ, Tedder TF (1994) Lymphocyte Homing and Leukocyte Rolling and Migration are Impaired in L-selectin-deficient Mice. Immunity. 1: 247–60.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Arfors KE, Lundberg C, Lindbom L, Lundberg K, Beatty PG, Harlan JM. (1987) A Monoclonal Antibody to the Membrane Glycoprotein Complex CD18 Inhibits Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Accumulation and Plasma Leakage in vivo. Blood. 69: 338–40.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Arroyo AG, Yang JT, Rayburn H, Hynes RO (1996) Differential Requirements for a4 Integrins During Fetal and Adult Hematopoiesis. Cell. 85: 997–1008.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Atherton A, Born GVR (1972) Quantitative Investigations of the Adhesiveness of Circulating Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes toBlood Vessels. J. Physiol. ( London ) 222: 447–74.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Atherton A, Born GVR (1973) Relationship between the Velocity of Rolling Granulocytes and that of the Blood Flow in Venules. J. Physiol. ( London ) 233: 157–65.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Bührer C, Berlin C, Thiele HG, Hamann A (1990) Lymphocyte Activation and Expression of the Human Leukocyte-endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (Leu8/TQ1 antigen). Immunology. 71: 442–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Bainton DE, Miller LJ, Kishimoto TK, Springer TA (1987) Leukocyte Adhesion Receptors Are Stored in Peroxidase-Negative Granules of Human Neutrophils. J. Exp. Med. 166: 1641–53.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Banchereau J, Steinman RM (1998) Dendritic Cells and the Control of Immunity. Nature. 392: 245–155

    Google Scholar 

  16. Bargatze RF, Jutila MA, Butcher EC (1995) Distinct Roles of L-selectin and Integrins a4 37 and LFA1 in Lymphocyte Homing to Peyer’s Patch-HEV in situ: The Multistep Model Confirmed and Refined. Immunity. 3: 99–108.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Bargatze RF, Kurk S, Butcher EC, Jutila MA (1994) Neutrophils Roll on Adherent Neutrophils Bound to Cytokine-induced Endothelial Cells Via L-selectin on the Rolling Cells. J. Exp. Med. 180: 1785–92.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Baumhueter S, Dybdal N, Kyle C, Lasky LA (1994) Global Vascular Expression of Murine CD34, a Sialomucin-like Endothelial Ligand for L-selectin. Blood. 84: 2554–65.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Baumhueter S, Singer MS, Henzel W, Hemmerich S, Renz M, Rosen SD, Lasky LA (1993) Binding of L-selectin to the Vascular Sialomucin CD34. Science. 262: 436–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Bazzoni G, Martinez-Estrada OM, Mueller F, Nelboeck P, Schmid G, Bartfai T, Dejana E, Brockhaus M (2000) Homophilic Interaction of Junctional Adhesion Molecule. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 30970–6.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Bednarczyk JL, Szabo MC, McIntyre BW (1992) Post-translational Processing of the Leukocyte Integrin a413i. J. Biol. Chem. 267: 25274–81.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Bell GI (1978) Models for the Specific Adhesion of Cells to Cells. Science. 200: 618–27.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Bella J, Kolatkar PR, Marlor CW, Greve JM, Rossmann MG (1998) The Structure of the Two Amino-terminal Domains of Human ICAM-1 Suggests How it Functions as a Rhinovirus Receptor and as an LFA-1 Integrin Ligand. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 95: 4140–5.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Berg EL, McEvoy LM, Berlin C, Bargatze RF, Butcher EC (1993) L-selectin-mediated Lymphocyte Rolling on MAdCAM-1. Nature. 366: 695–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Berg EL, Robinson MK, Warnock RA, Butcher EC (1991) The Human Peripheral Lymph Node Vascular Addressin is a Ligand for LECAM-1, the Peripheral Lymph Node Homing Receptor. J. Cell Biol. 114: 343–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Berlin C, Bargatze RF, Campbell JJ, VonAndrian UH, Szabo MC, Hasslen SR, Nelson RD, Berg EL, Erlandsen SL, Butcher EC (1995) a4 Integrins Mediate Lymphocyte Attachment and Rolling Under Physiologic Flow. Cell. 80: 413–22.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Berlin C, Berg EL, Briskin MJ, Andrew DP, Kilshaw PJ, Holzmann B, Weissman IL, Hamann A, Butcher EC (1993) a437 Integrin Mediates Lymphocyte Binding to the Mucosal Vascular Addressin MAdCAM-1. Cell. 74: 185–95.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Berman CL, Yeo EL, Wencel-Drake JD, Furie BC, Ginsberg MH, Furie B (1986) A Platelet Alpha Granule Membrane Protein that is Associated with the Plasma Membrane after Activation. Characterization and Subcellular Localization of Platelet Activation-dependent Granule-external Membrane protein. J. Clin. Invest. 78: 130–7.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Berman ME, Muller WA (1995) Ligation of Platelet/Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (PECAM-1/CD31) on Monocytes and Neutrophils Increases Binding Capacity of Leukocyte CR3 (CD11b/CD18). J. Immunol. 154: 299–307.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Berton G, Fumagalli L, Laudanna C, Sorio C (1994) 132 Integrin-dependent Protein Tyrosine Phosphorylation and Activation of the FGR Protein Tyrosine Kinase in Human Neutrophils. J. Cell Biol. 126: 1111–21.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Bevilacqua MP, Butcher EC, Furie B, Furie BC, Gallatin WM, Gimbrone MA Jr, Harlan JM, Kishimoto TK, Lasky LA, McEver RP, Paulson JC, Rosen SD, Seed B, Siegelman MH, Springer TA, Stoolman LM, Tedder TF, Varki A, Wagner DD, Weissman IL, Zimmerman GA (1991) Selectins - a Family of Adhesion Receptors. Cell. 67: 233.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Bevilacqua MP, Nelson RM (1993) Selectins. J. Clin. Invest. 91: 379–87.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Bevilacqua MP, Pober JS, Mendrick DL, Cotran RS, Gimbrone MA Jr (1987) Identification of an Inducible Endothelial-leukocyte Adhesion Molecule. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 84: 9238–42.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Bevilacqua MP, Stengelin S, Gimbrone MA Jr, Seed B (1989) Endothelial Leukocyte Adhesion Molecule-1: An Inducible Receptor for Neutrophils Related to Complement Regulatory Proteins and Lectins. Science. 243: 1160–5.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Bierhuizen MF, Fukuda M (1992) Expression Cloning of a cDNA Encoding UDP-G1cNAc: Gal 13i3-Ga1NAc-R (G1cNAc to Ga1NAc) 131–6G1cNAc Transferase by Gene Transfer into CHO Cells Expressing Polyoma Large Tumor Antigen. Proc. Nati. Acad. Sci. USA. 89: 9326–30.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Bistrup A, Bhakta S, Lee JK, Belov YY, Gunn MD, Zuo FR, Huang CC, Kannagi R, Rosen S.D, Hemmerich S (1999) Sulfotransferases of Two Specificities Function in the Reconstitution of High Endothelial Cell Ligands for L-selectin. J. Cell Biol. 145: 899–910.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Bistrup A, Singer MS, van Zante A, Lee JK, Ruddle NH, Hemmerich, S. and others (2001) Genetic Deletion of the High Endothelial Cell N-acetylglucosamine 6-sulfotransferase (HEC-G1cNAc6ST): Effects on Lymphocyte Homing and Expression of the MECA-79 Epitope. FASEB Journal. 15: A332 (Abstr).

    Google Scholar 

  38. Blann All, Lip GY (1998) Endothelial Integrity, Soluble Adhesion Molecules and Platelet Markers in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabet. Med. 15: 634–42.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Bogen S, Pak J, Garifallou M, Deng X, Muller WA (1994) Monoclonal Antibody to Murine PECAM1 (CD31) Blocks Acute Inflammation in vivo. J. Exp. Med. 179: 1059–64.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Bonfanti R, Furie BC, Wagner DD (1989) PADGEM (GMP 140) is a Component of Weibel-Palade Bodies of Human Endothelial Cells. Blood. 73: 1109–12.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Borland G, Ross JA, Guy K (1998) Forms and Functions of CD44. Immunology. 93: 139–48.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Borsig L, Wong R, Feramisco J, Nadeau DR, Varki NM, Varki A (2001) Heparin and Cancer Revisited: Mechanistic Connections Involving Platelets, P-selectin, Carcinoma Mucins, and Tumor Metastasis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 98: 3352–7.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Brenner B, Gulbins E, Schlottmann K, Koppenhoefer U, Busch GL, Walzog B, Steinhausen M, Coggeshall KM, Linderkamp O, Lang F (1996) L-selectin Activates the Ras Pathway via the Tyrosine Kinase p56“. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 93: 15376–81.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Briskin MJ, McEvoy LM, Butcher EC (1993) MAdCAM-1 has Homology to Immunoglobulin and Mucin-like Adhesion Receptors and to IgAl. Nature. 363: 461–4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Bromley SK, Burack WR, Johnson KG, Somersalo K, Sims TN, Sumen C, Davis MM, Shaw A S, Allen PM, Dustin ML (2001) The Immunological Synapse. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 19: 375–96.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Buckley CD, Doyonnas R, Newton JP, Blystone SD, Brown E.J, Watt SM, Simmons DL (1996) Identification of a03 as a Heterotypic Ligand for CD31/PECAM- 1. J. Cell Sci. 109: 437–45.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Bullard DC (2001) Knockout Mice in Inflammation Research. In: Physiology of Inflammation (Ley K. Eds.), Oxford University Press. New York. 381–401.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Bullard DC, Kunkel EJ, Kubo H, Hicks MJ, Lorenzo I, Doyle NA, Doerschuk CM, Ley K, Beaudet AL (1996) Infectious Susceptibility and Severe Deficiency of Leukocyte Rolling and Recruitment in E-selectin and P-selectin Double Mutant Mice. J. Exp. Med. 183: 2329–36.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Burns AR, Bowden RA, Abe Y, Walker DC, Simon SI, Entman ML, Smith, CW (1999) P-selectin Mediates Neutrophil Adhesion to Endothelial Cell Borders. J. Leukocyte Biol. 65: 299–306.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Burns AR, Walker DC, Brown ES, Thurmon LT, Bowden RA, Keese CR, Simon SI, Entman ML, Smith CW (1997) Neutrophil Transendothelial Migration is Independent of Tight Junctions and Occurs Preferentially at Tricellular Corners. J. Immunol. 159: 2893–903.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Butcher EC (1991) Leukocyte-endothelial Cell Recognition–Three (or more) Steps to Specificity and Diversity. Cell. 67: 1033–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Byzova TV, Rabbani R, D’Souza SE, Plow EF (1998) Role of Integrin aßß3 in Vascular Biology. Thromb. Haemost. 80: 726–34.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Cabanas C, Hogg N (1993) Ligand Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 has a Necessary Role in Activation of Integrin Lymphocyte Function-associated Molecule 1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 90: 5838–42.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Campbell JJ, Bowman EP, Murphy K, Youngman KR, Siani MA, Thompson DA, Wu LJ, Zlotnik A, Butcher EC (1998) 6-C-kine (SLC), a Lymphocyte Adhesion-triggering Chemokine Expressed by High Endothelium, is an Agonist for the MIP-313 Receptor CCR7. J. Cell Biol. 141: 1053–9.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Campbell JJ, Hedrick J, Zlotnik A, Siani MA, Thompson DA, Butcher EC (1998) Chemokines and the Arrest of Lymphocytes Rolling Under Flow Conditions. Science. 279: 381–4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Carmeliet P, Lampugnani MG, Moons L, Breviario F, Compernolle V, Bono F, Balconi G, Spagnuolo R, Oostuyse B, Dewerchin M, Zanetti A, Angellilo A, Mattot V, Nuyens D, Lutgens E, Clotman F, de Ruiter MC, Gittenberger-de Groot A, Poelmann R, Lupu F, Herbert JM, Collen D, Dejana, E (1999) Targeted Deficiency or Cytosolic Truncation of the VE-cadherin Gene in Mice Impairs VEGFmediated Endothelial Survival and Angiogenesis. Cell. 98: 147–57.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Carreno MP, Gresham HD, Brown EJ (1993) Isolation of Leukocyte Response Integrin: A Novel RGD-binding Protein Involved in Regulation of Phagocytic Function. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 69: 43–51.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Casasnovas JM, Springer TA, Liu JH, Harrison SC, Wang JH (1997) Crystals Structure of ICAM-2 Reveals a Distinctive Integrin Recognition Surface. Nature. 387: 312–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Cepinskas G, Sandig M, Kvietys PR (1999) PAF-induced Elastase-dependent Neutrophil Transendothelial Migration is Associated with the Mobilization of Elastase to the Neutrophil Surface and Localization to the Migrating Front. J. Cell Sci. 112 (Pt 12): 1937–45.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Cerletti C, Evangelista V de Gaetano G (1999) P-selectin-beta 2-integrin Cross-talk: a Molecular Mechanism for Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Recruitment at the Site of Vascular Damage. Thromb. Haemost. 82: 787–93.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Chen S, Alon R, Fuhlbrigge RC, Springer TA (1997) Rolling and Transient Tethering of Leukocytes on Antibodies Reveal Specializations of Selectins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 94: 3172–7.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Chen S, Springer TA (1999) An Automatic Braking System that Stabilizes Leukocyte Rolling by an Increase in Selectin Bond Number with Shear. J. Cell Biol. 144: 185–200.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Cheng J, Baumhueter S, Cacalano G, Carver-Moore K, Thibodeaux H, Thomas R, Broxmeyer HE, Cooper S, Hague N, Moore M, Lasky LA (1996) Hematopoietic Defects in Mice Lacking the Sialomucin CD34. Blood. 87: 479–90.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Cheresh DA (1987) Human Endothelial Cells Synthesize and Express an Arg-Gly-Asp-directed Adhesion Receptor Involved in Attachment to Fibrinogen and von Willebrand Factor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 84: 6471–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Cohnheim J (1889) Lectures on General Pathology: Handbook for Practitioners and Students. The New Sydenham Society. London.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Connor EM, Eppihimer MJ, Morise Z, Granger DN, Grisham MB (1999) Expression of Mucosal Addressin Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (MAdCAM- 1) in Acute and Chronic Inflammation. J. Leukocyte Biol. 65: 349–55.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Cooper D, Butcher CM, Berndt MC, Vadas MA (1994) P-selectin Interacts with a [32-integrin to Enhance Phagocytosis. J. Immunol. 153: 3199–209.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Corada M, Liao F, Lindgren M, Lampugnani MG, Breviario F, Frank R, Muller WA, Hicklin DJ, Bohlen P, Dejana E (2001) Monoclonal Antibodies Directed to Different Regions of Vascular Endothelial Cadherin Extracellular Domain Affect Adhesion and Clustering of the Protein and Modulate Endothelial Permeability. Blood. 97: 1679–84.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Corada M, Mariotti M, Thurston G, Smith K, Kunkel R, Brockhaus M, Lampugnani MG, MartinPadura I, Stoppacciaro A, Ruco L, McDonald DM, Ward PA, Dejana E (1999) Vascular Endothelial-cadherin is an Important Determinant of Microvascular Integrity in vivo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 96: 9815–20.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Corbett SA, Wilson CL, Schwarzbauer JE (1996) Changes in Cell Spreading and Cytoskeletal Organization are Induced by Adhesion to a Fibronectin-fibrin Matrix. Blood. 88: 158–66.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Crockett-Torabi E (1998) Selectins and Mechanisms of Signal Transduction. J. Leukocyte Biol. 63: 114.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Crockett-Torabi E, Sulenbarger B, Smith CW, Fantone JC (1995) Activation of Human Neutrophils through L-selectin and Mac-1 Molecules. J. Immunol. 154: 2291–302.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Crovello CS, Furie BC, Furie B (1995) Histidine Phosphorylation of P-selectin upon Stimulation of Human Platelets: a Novel Pathway for Activation-dependent Signal Transduction. Cell. 82: 279–86.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Damiano ER, Westheider J, Tözeren A, Ley, K (1996) Variation in the Velocity, Deformation, and Adhesion Energy Density of Leukocytes Rolling within Venules. Circ. Res. 79: 1122–30.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Davis GE (1992) The Mac-1 and p150,95 [32 Integrins Bind Denatured Proteins to Mediate Leukocyte Cell Substrate Adhesion. Experimental Cell Research. 200: 242–52.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Deaglio S, Morra M, Mallone R, Ausiello CM, Prager E, Garbarino G, Dianzani U, Stockinger H, Malavasi F (1998) Human CD38 (ADP-ribosyl cyclase) is a Counter-receptor of CD31, an Ig Superfamily Member. J. Immunol. 160: 395–402.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. DeGrendele HC, Estess P, Picker LJ, Siegelman MH (1996) CD44 and its Ligand Hyaluronate Mediate Rolling under Physiologic Flow: A Novel Lymphocyte-endothelial Cell Primary Adhesion Pathway. J. Exp. Med. 183: 1119–30.

    Google Scholar 

  78. Dejana E, Bazzoni G, Lampugnani MG (1999) Vascular Endothelial ( VE)-cadherin: Only an Intercellular Glue? Exp. Cell. Res. 252: 13–9.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Delclaux C, Delacourt C, D’Ortho MP, Boyer V, Lafuma C, Harf A (1996) Role of Gelatinase B and Elastase in Human Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil Migration across Basement Membrane. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 14: 288–95.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Diacovo TG, DeFougerolles AR, Bainton DF, Springer TA (1994) A Functional Integrin Ligand on the Surface of Platelets: Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-2. J. Clin. Invest. 94: 1243–51.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Diamond MS, Springer TA (1993) A Subpopulation of Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) Molecules Mediates Neutrophil Adhesion to ICAM-1 and Fibrinogen. J. Cell Biol. 120: 545–56.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Dimitroff CJ, Lee JY, Fuhlbrigge RC, Sackstein R (2000) A Distinct Glycoform of CD44 is an Lselectin Ligand on Human Hematopoietic Cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 97: 13841–6.

    Google Scholar 

  83. Ding ZM, Babensee JE, Simon SI, Lu H, Perrard JL, Bullard DC, Dai XY, Bromley SK, Dustin ML, Entman ML, Smith CW, Ballantyne CM (1999) Relative Contribution of LFA-1 and Mac-1 to Neutrophil Adhesion and Migration. J. Immunol. 163: 5029–38.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Dong C, Lei XX (2000) Biomechanics of Cell Rolling: Shear Flow, Cell-surface Adhesion, and Cell Deformability. J. Biomech. 33: 35–43.

    Google Scholar 

  85. Dowbenko D, Kikuta A, Fennie C, Gillett N, Lasky LA (1993) Glycosylation-dependent Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (G1yCAM 1) Mucin is Expressed by Lactating Mammary Gland Epithelial Cells and is Present in Milk. J. Clin. Invest. 92: 952–60.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Drickamer K (1988) Two Distinct Classes of Carbohydrate-recognition Domains in Animal Lectins. J. Biol. Chem. 263: 9557–60.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Du X, Plow EF, Frelinger III AL, O’Toole TE, Loftus JC, Ginsberg MH (1991) Ligands “activate” Integrin aIlbI 3 (platelet GPIIb-IIIa) Cell. 65: 409–16.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Duncan GS, Andrew DP, Takimoto H, Kaufman SA, Yoshida H, Spellberg J, de la Pompa JL, Elia A, Wakeham A, Karan-Tamir B, Muller WA, Senaldi G, Zukowski MM, Mak TW (1999) Genetic Evidence for Functional Redundancy of Platelet/Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (PECAM1): CD31-deficient Mice Reveal PECAM-1-dependent and PECAM-1-independent Functions. J. Immunol. 162: 3022–30.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Dunne JL, Ballantyne CM, Ley K (2001) Different Roles of LFA-1 and Mac-1 in Slow Rolling and Firm Arrest During Cytokine-induced Inflammation. FASEB J. 15: A332. (Abstr).

    Google Scholar 

  90. Dustin ML (2001) 132-Integrins and their Ligands in Inflammation. In: Physiology of inflammation (Ley K. Eds.), Oxford University Press. New York. 242–62.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Dwir O, Shimron F, Chen C, Singer MS, Rosen SD, Alon R (1998) G1yCAM-1 Supports Leukocyte Rolling in Flow: Evidence for a Greater Dynamic Stability of L-selectin Rolling of Lymphocytes than of Neutrophils. Cell Adhesion Communication. 6: 349–70.

    Google Scholar 

  92. Ebisawa M, Bochner BS, Georas SN, Schleimer RP (1992) Eosinophil Transendothelial Migration Induced by Cytokines 1. Role of Endothelial and Eosinophil Adhesion Molecules in IL-1 (3 Induced Transendothelial Migration. J. Immunol. 149: 4021–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Ellies LG, Tsuboi S, Petryniak B, Lowe JB, Fukuda M, Marth JD (1998) Core 2 Oligosaccharide Biosynthesis Distinguishes Between Selectin Ligands Essential for Leukocyte Homing and Inflammation. Immunity. 9: 881–90.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Ellies LG, Sperandio M, Underhill GH, Yousef J, Smith M, Priatel JJ, Kansas GS, Ley K, Marth J (2002) Sialytransferase Specificity in Selectin Ligand Formation. Blood. In press.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Eriksson EE, Xie X, Werr J, Thoren P, Lindbom L (2001) Importance of Primary Capture and Lselectin-dependent Secondary Capture in Leukocyte Accumulation in Inflammation and Atherosclerosis in vivo. J. Exp. Med. 194: 205–18.

    Google Scholar 

  96. Etzioni A, Tonetti M (2000) Fucose Supplementation in Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Type II [letter]. Blood. 95: 3641–3.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Evans E, Berk D, Leung A (1991) Detachment of Agglutinin-bonded Red Blood Cells. I. Forces to Rupture Molecular-point Attachments. Biophys. J. 59: 838–48.

    Google Scholar 

  98. Falany CN (1997) Enzymology of Human Cytosolic Sulfotransferases. FASEB J. 11: 206–16.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Felsenfeld DP, Choquet D, Sheetz MP (1996) Ligand Binding Regulates the Directed Movement of ßi Integrins on Fibroblasts. Nature. 383: 438–40.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Feng D, Nagy JA, Pyne K, Dvorak HF, Dvorak AM (1998) Neutrophils Emigrate from Venules by a Transendothelial Cell Pathway in Response to fmlp. J. Exp. Med. 187: 903–15.

    Google Scholar 

  101. Firrell JC, Lipowsky HH (1989) Leukocyte Margination and Deformation in Mesenteric Venules of Rat. American J. Physiol. 256: H1667–74.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Fleming JC, Berger G, Guichard J, Cramer EM, Wagner DD (1998) The Transmembrane Domain Enhances Granular Targeting of P-selectin. European J. Cell Biol. 75: 331–43.

    Google Scholar 

  103. Forlow SB, Ley K (2001) Selectin-independent Leukocyte Rolling and Adhesion in Mice Deficient in E-, P-, and L-selectin and ICAM-1. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 280.

    Google Scholar 

  104. Forlow SB, White EJ, Barlow SC, Feldman SH, Lu H, Bagby GJ, Beaudet AL, Bullard DC, Ley K (2000) Severe Inflammatory Defect and Reduced Viability in CD18 and E-selectin Double-mutant Mice. J. Clin. Invest. 106: 1457–66.

    Google Scholar 

  105. Frenette PS, Denis CV, Weiss L, Jurk K, Subbarao S, Kehrel B, Hartwig JH, Vestweber D, Wagner DD (2000) P-Selectin Glycoprotein Ligand 1 (PSGL-1) is Expressed on Platelets and can Mediate Platelet-endothelial Interactions in vivo. J. Exp. Med. 191: 1413–22.

    Google Scholar 

  106. Frenette PS, Mayadas TN, Rayburn H, Hynes RO, Wagner DD (1996) Susceptibility to Infection and Altered Hematopoiesis in Mice Deficient in both P- and E-selectins. Cell. 84: 563–74.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Friederichs J, Zeller Y, Hafezi-Moghadam A, Grone HJ, Ley K, Altevogt P (2000) The CD24/P-selectin Binding Pathway Initiates Lung Arrest of Human Al25 Adenocarcinoma Cells. Cancer Res. 60: 6714–22.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Fried) P, Noble PB, Zanker KS (1995) T-lymphocyte Locomotion in a Three-dimensional Collagen Matrix. Expression and Function of Cell Adhesion Molecules. J. Immunol. 154: 4973–85.

    Google Scholar 

  109. Fukumoto S, Miyazaki H, Goto G, Urano T, Furukawa K (1999) Expression Cloning of Mouse cDNA of CMP-NeuAc: Lactosylceramide Alpha2,3-sialyltransferase, an Enzyme that Initiates the Synthesis of Gangliosides. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 9271–6.

    Google Scholar 

  110. Furie B, Furie BC (1997) P-selectin and Signal Transduction. In: The Selectins ( Vestweber, D, Eds.), Harwood Academic Publishers. Amsterdam. 213–22.

    Google Scholar 

  111. Furie MB, Tancinco MCA, Smith CW (1991) Monoclonal Antibodies to Leukocyte Integrin CD11a/CD18 and Integrin CD11b/CD18 or Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Inhibit Chemoattractant-stimulated Neutrophil Transendothelial Migration in vitro. Blood. 78: 2089–97.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Gaidano G, Bergui L, Schena M, Gaboli M, Cremona O, Marchisio PC, Caligaris-Cappio F (1990) Integrin Distribution and Cytoskeleton Organization in Normal and Malignant Monocytes. Leukemia. 4: 682–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Gallatin WM, Weissman IL, Butcher EC (1983) A Cell-surface Molecule Involved in Organ-Specific Homing of Lymphocytes. Nature. 304: 30–4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Galustian C, Lawson AM, Komba S, Ishida H, Kiso M, Feizi T (1997) Sialyl-lewis(x) Sequence 6–0-sulfated at N-acetylglucosamine Rather than at Galactose is the Preferred Ligand for L-selectin and de-N-acetylation of the Sialic Acid Enhances the Binding Strength. Biochemical Biophysical Research Communications. 240: 748–51.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Gao X, Kouklis P, Xu N, Minshall RD, Sandoval R, Vogel SM, Malik AB (2000) Reversibility of Increased Microvessel Permeability in Response to VE-cadherin Disassembly. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 279: 21218–25.

    Google Scholar 

  116. Garnotel R, Rittie L, Poitevin S, Monboisse JC, Nguyen P, Potron G, Maquart FX, Randoux A, Gillery P (2000) Human Blood Monocytes Interact with Type I Collagen through Alpha x Beta 2 Integrin (CD11c-CD18, gp150–95). J. Immunol. 164: 5928–34.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Gearing AJ, Newman W (1993) Circulating Adhesion Molecules in Disease. Immunology Today. 14: 506–12.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Geng JG, Bevilacqua MP, Moore KL, McIntyre TM, Prescott SM, Kim JM, Bliss GA, Zimmerman GA, McEver RP (1990) Rapid Neutrophil Adhesion to Activated Endothelium Mediated by GMP140. Nature. 343: 757–60.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. George EL, Baldwin HS, Hynes RO (1997) Fibronectins are Essential for Heart and Blood Vessel Morphogenesis but are Dispensable for Initial Specification of Precursor Cells. Blood. 90: 3073–81.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. George EL, Georges-Labouesse EN, Patel-King RS, Rayburn H, Hynes RO (1993) Defects in Mesoderm, Neural Tube and Vascular Development in Mouse Embryos Lacking Fibronectin. Development. 119: 1079–91.

    Google Scholar 

  121. Gerritsen ME, Bloor CM (1993) Endothelial Cell Gene Expression in Response to Injury. FASEB J. 7: 523–32.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Gerszten RE, Garcia-Zepeda EA, Lim YC, Yoshida M, Ding HA, Gimbrone MA, Luster AD, Luscinskas FW, Rosenzweig A (1999) MCP-1 and IL-8 Trigger Firm Adhesion of Monocytes to Vascular Endothelium under Flow Conditions. Nature. 398: 718–23.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Gerwin N, Gonzalo JA, Lloyd C, Coyle AJ, Reiss Y, Banu N, Wang BP, Xu H, Avraham H, Engelhardt B, Springer TA, Gutierrez-Ramos JC (1999) Prolonged Eosinophil Accumulation in Allergic Lung Interstitium of ICAM-2-deficient Mice Results in Extended Hyperresponsiveness. Immunity. 10: 9–19.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Ghosh S, May MJ, Kopp EB (1998) NF-kappa B and Rel proteins: Evolutionarily Conserved Mediators of Immune Responses. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 16: 225–60.

    Google Scholar 

  125. Giancotti FG, Ruoslahti E (1999) Integrin Signalling. Science. 285: 1028–32.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Giblin PA, Hwang ST, Katsumoto TR, Rosen SD (1997) Ligation of L-selectin on T Lymphocytes Activates Di Integrins and Promotes Adhesion to Fibronectin. J. Immunol. 159: 3498–507.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Gillespie W, Kelm S, Paulson JC (1992) Cloning and Expression of the Gal Beta 1, 3Ga1NAc Alpha 2,3-sialyltransferase. J. Biol. Chem. 267: 21004–10.

    Google Scholar 

  128. Girard JP, Baekkevold ES, Amalric F (1998) Sulfation in High Endothelial Venules–Cloning and Expression of the Human Paps Synthetase. FASEB Journal. 12: 603–12.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Goelz SE, Hession C, Goff D, Griffiths B, Tizard R, Newman B, Chi-Rosso G, Lobb RR (1990) ELFT: A Gene that Directs the Expression of an ELAM-1 Ligand. Cell. 63: 1349–56.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Goldman AJ, Cox RG, Brenner H (1967) Slow Viscous Motion of a Sphere Parallel to a Plane Wall - II. Couette Flow. Chem. Eng. Sci. 22: 653–60.

    Google Scholar 

  131. Goldsmith HL, Spain S (1984) Margination of Leukocytes in Blood Flow through Small Tubes. Microvasc. Res. 27: 204–22.

    Google Scholar 

  132. Goodman TG, Bajt ML (1996) Identifying the Putative Metal Ion-dependent Adhesion Site in the ß2 (CD18) Subunit Required for 0(1,02 and am 132 Ligand Interactions. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 2372936.

    Google Scholar 

  133. Gopalan PK, Smith CW, Lu HF, Berg EL, McIntire LV, Simon SI (1997) Neutrophil CD18Dependent Arrest on Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1) in Shear Flow can be Activated through L-selectin. J. Immunol. 158: 367–75.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Gotsch U, Borges E, Bosse R, Boggemeyer E, Simon M, Mossmann H, Vestweber D (1997) VE-cadherin Antibody Accelerates Neutrophil Recruitment in vivo. J. Cell Sci. 110: 583–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Grakoui A, Bromley SK, Sumen C, Davis MM, Shaw AS, Allen PM, Dustin ML (1999) The Immunological Synapse: a Molecular Machine Controlling T Cell Activation. Science. 285: 221–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Grant L (1973) The Sticking and Emigration of White Blood Cells and Inflammation. In: The Inflammatory Process ( Zweifach, B. W, Grant, L, and McClusky, R. T, Eds.), Academic Press. New York. 205–49.

    Google Scholar 

  137. Grayson MH, Van der V, Sterbinsky SA, Michael GW, Hoffman PA, Staunton DE, Bochner BS (1998) ad 32 Integrin is Expressed on Human Eosinophils and Functions as an Alternative Ligand for Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (VCAM-1). J. Exp. Med. 188: 2187–91.

    Google Scholar 

  138. Green SA, Setiadi H, McEver RP, Kelly RB (1994) The Cytoplasmic Domain of P-selectin Contains a Sorting Determinant that Mediates Rapid Degradation in Lysosomes. J. Cell Biol. 124: 435–48.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Gresham HD, Goodwin JL, Allen PM, Anderson DC, Brown EJ (1989) A Novel Member of the Integrin Receptor Family Mediates Arg-Gly-Asp-stimulated Neutrophil Phagocytosis. J. Cell Biol. 108: 1935–43.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Gumbiner BM (1996) Cell Adhesion: the Molecular Basis of Tissue Architecture and Morphogenesis. Cell. 84: 345–57.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Gurtner GC, Davis V, Li H, McCoy MJ, Sharpe A, Cybulsky MI (1995) Targeted Disruption of the Murine VCAM-1 Gene: Essential Role of VCAM-1 in Chorioallantoic Fusion and Placentation. Genes Development. 9: 1–14.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Hafezi-Moghadam A, Ley K (1999) Relevance of L-selectin Shedding for Leukocyte Rolling in vivo. J. Exp. Med. 189: 939–48.

    Google Scholar 

  143. Hafezi-Moghadam A, Thomas KL, Prorock AI, Huo Y, Ley K (2001) L-selectin Shedding Regulates Leukocyte Recruitment. J. Exp. Med. 193: 863–72.

    Google Scholar 

  144. Haller H, Kunzendorf U, Sacherer K, Lindschau C, Walz G, Distler A, Luft FC (1997) T Cell Adhesion to P-selectin Induces Tyrosine Phosphorylation of pp125 Focal Adhesion Kinase and Other Substrates. J. Immunol. 158: 1061–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Hammer DA, Apte SM (1992) Simulation of Cell Rolling and Adhesion on Surfaces in Shear Flow: General Results and Analysis of Selectin-mediated Neutrophil Adhesion. Biophys. J. 63: 35–57.

    Google Scholar 

  146. Hanninen A, Taylor C, Streeter PR, Stark LS, Sarte JM, Shizuru JA, Simell 0, Michie SA (1993) Vascular Addressins are Induced on Islet Vessels during Insulitis in Nonobese Diabetic Mice and are Involved in Lymphoid Cell Binding to Islet Endothelium. J. Clin. Invest. 92: 2509–15.

    Google Scholar 

  147. Harlan JM, Winn RK, Vedder NB, Doerschuk CM, Rice CL (1992) In vivo Models of Leukocyte Adherence to Endothelium. In: Adhesion: its Role in Inflammatory Iisease (Harlan J. M. and Liu D. Eds.), W.H. Freeman Co. New York. 117–50.

    Google Scholar 

  148. Harris ES, McIntyre TM, Prescott SM, Zimmerman GA (2000) The Leukocyte Integrins. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 23409–12.

    Google Scholar 

  149. Hayward R, Nossuli TO, Lefer AM (1997) Heparinase III Exerts Endothelial and Cardioprotective Effects in Feline Myocardial Ischaemic-reperfusion Injury. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 283: 1032–8.

    Google Scholar 

  150. Hemler ME, Huang C, Schwarz L (1987) The VLA Protein Family. Characterization of Five Distinct Cell Surface Heterodimers Each with a Common 130,000 Molecular Weight Beta Subunit. J. Biol. Chem. 262: 3300–9.

    Google Scholar 

  151. Hemmerich S, Butcher EC, Rosen SD (1994) Sulfation-dependent Recognition of High Endothelial Venules (HEV)-ligands by L-selectin and MECA 79, an Adhesion-blocking Monoclonal Antibody. J. Exp. Med. 180: 2219–26.

    Google Scholar 

  152. Hemmerich S, Rosen SD (2000) Carbohydrate Sulfotransferases in Lymphocyte Homing. Glycobiology. 10: 849–56.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. Hickey MJ, Forster M, Mitchell D, Kaur J, De Caigny C, Kubes P (2000) L-selectin Facilitates Emigration and Extravascular Locomotion of Leukocytes during Acute Inflammatory Responses in vivo. J. Immunol. 165: 7164–70.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. Hickey MJ, Granger DN, Kubes P (1999) Molecular Mechanisms Underlying IL-4 induced Leukocyte Recruitment in vivo: a Critical Role for the Alpha 4 Integrin. J. Immunol. 163: 3441–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. Hickey MJ, Kanwar S, McCafferty DM, Granger DN, Eppihimer MJ, Kubes P (1999) Varying roles of E-selectin and P-selectin in Different Microvascular Beds in Response to Antigen. J. Immunol. 162: 1137–43.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Hidari KIPJ, Weyrich AS, Zimmerman GA, McEver RP (1997) Engagement of P-Selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1 Enhances Tyrosine Phosphorylation and Activates Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases in Human Neutrophils. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 28750–6.

    Google Scholar 

  157. Hiraoka N, Petryniak B, Nakayama J, Tsuboi S, Suzuki M, Yeh JC, Izawa D, Tanaka T, Miyasaka M, Lowe JB, Fukuda M (1999) A Novel, High Endothelial Venule-specific Sulfotransferase Expresses 6sulfo Sialyl Lewis(x), an L-selectin Ligand Displayed by CD34. Immunity. 11: 79–89.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. Hirata T, Merrill-Skoloff G, Aab M, Yang J, Furie BC, Furie BP (2000) Selectin Glycoprotein Ligand I (PSGL-1) is a Physiological Ligand for E-selectin in Mediating T Helper 1 Lymphocyte Migration. J. Exp. Med. 192: 169–76.

    Google Scholar 

  159. Hodivala-Dilke KM, McHugh KP, Tsakiris DA, Rayburn H, Crowley D, Ullman-Cullere M, Ross FP, Coller BS, Teitelbaum S, Hynes RO (1999) ß3 Integrin-deficient Mice are a Model for Glanzmann Thrombasthenia Showing Placental Defects and Reduced Survival. J. Clin. Invest. 103: 229–38.

    Google Scholar 

  160. Hu Y, Kiely JM, Szente BE, Rosenzweig A, Gimbrone MA (2000) E-selectin-dependent Signalling via the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway in Vascular Endothelial Cells. J. Immunol. 165: 2142–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. Huang AJ, Manning JE, Bandak TM, Ratau MC, Hanser KR, Silverstein SC (1993) Endothelial Cell Cytosolic Free Calcium Regulates Neutrophil Migration across Monolayers of Endothelial Cells. J. Cell Biol. 120: 1371–80.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  162. Huang KS, Graves BJ, Wolitzky B (1997) Functional Analysis of Selectin Structure. In: The Selectins ( Vestweber, D., Eds.), Harwood Academic Publishers. Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 1–29.

    Google Scholar 

  163. Huang K, Geoffroy JS, Singer MS, Rosen SD (1991) A lymphocyte Homing Receptor (L-Selectin) Mediates the in vitro Attachment of Lymphocytes to Myelinated Tracts of the Central Nervous System. J. Clin. Invest. 88: 1778–83.

    Google Scholar 

  164. Hubbard AK, Rothlein R (2000) Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) Expression and Cell Signalling Cascades. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 28: 1379–86.

    Google Scholar 

  165. Huber AR, Weiss SJ (1989) Disruption of the Subendothelial Basement Membrane During Neutrophil Diapedesis in an in vitro Construct of a Blood Vessel Wall. J. Clin. Invest. 83: 1122–36.

    Google Scholar 

  166. Hughes PE, Pfaff M (1998) Integrin Affinity Modulation. Trends in Cell Biology. 8: 359–64.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  167. Huo Y, Hafezi-Moghadam A, Ley K (2000) Role of Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 and Fibronectin Connecting Segment-1 in Monocyte Rolling and Adhesion on Early Atherosclerotic Lesions. Circ. Res. 87: 153–9.

    Google Scholar 

  168. Hwang ST, Singer MS, Giblin PA, Yednock TA, Bacon KB, Simon SI, Rosen SD (1996) G1yCAM-1, a Physiologic Ligand for L-selectin, Activates (32 Integrins on Naive Peripheral Lymphocytes. J. Exp. Med. 184: 1343–8.

    Google Scholar 

  169. Hwang STY (1997) G1yCAM-1, a Physiologic Ligand of L-selectin, Activates 131 and 132 Integrins on Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes–Implications for Mediating the Migration of Lymphocytes to Peripheral Tissue. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 36: 273–4.

    Google Scholar 

  170. Hyduk SJ, Cybulsky MI (2001) VCAM-1 and its Ligands. In: Physiology of Inflammation (Ley, K., Eds.), Oxford University Press. New York. 263–84.

    Google Scholar 

  171. Hynes RO (1987) Integrins: A Family of Cell Surface Receptors. Cell. 48: 549–54.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. Hynes RO (1990) Fibronectins. Springer Verlag. New York.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  173. Hynes RO (1992) Integrins: Versatility, Modulation, and Signalling in Cell Adhesion. Cell. 69: 1125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  174. Ibbotson GC, Doig C, Kaur J, Gill V, Ostrovsky L, Fairhead T, Kubes P (2001) Functional a4-integrin: A Newly Identified Pathway of Neutrophil Recruitment in Critically Ill Septic Patients. Nat. Med. 7: 465–70.

    Google Scholar 

  175. Imai Y, Singer MS, Fennie C, Lasky LA, Rosen SD (1991) Identification of a Carbohydrate-based Endothelial Ligand for a Lymphocyte Homing Receptor. J. Cell Biol. 113: 1213–21.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  176. Ishibashi Y, Claus S, Relman DA (1994) Bordetella Pertussis Filamentous Hemagglutinin Interacts with a Leukocyte Signal Transduction Complex and Stimulates Bacterial Adherence to Monocyte CR3 (CD11b/CD18). J. Exp. Med. 180: 1225–33.

    Google Scholar 

  177. Issekutz AC, Chuluyan HE, Lopes N (1995) CD 11/CD 18-independent Transendothelial Migration of Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes and Monocytes: Involvement of Distinct and Unique Mechanisms. J. Leukocyte Biol. 57: 553–61.

    Google Scholar 

  178. Jaakkola K, Nikula T, Holopainen R, Vahasilta T, Matikainen MT, Laukkanen ML, Huupponen R, Halkola L, Nieminen L, Hiltunen J, Parviainen S, Clark MR, Knuuti J, Savunen T, Kaapa P, VoipioPulkki LM, Jalkanen S (2000) in vivo Detection of Vascular Adhesion Protein-1 in Experimental Inflammation. Am. J. Pathol. 157: 463–71.

    Google Scholar 

  179. Johnston GI, Cook RG, McEver RP (1989) Cloning of GMP-140, a Granule Membrane Protein of Platelets and Endothelium: Sequence Similarity to Proteins Involved in Cell Adhesion and Inflammation. Cell. 56: 1033–44.

    Google Scholar 

  180. Jones DH, Schmalstieg FC, Dempsey K, Krater SS, Nannen DD, Smith CW, Anderson DC (1990) Subcellular Distribution and Mobilization of Mac-1 (CD1 lb/CD18) in Neonatal Neutrophils. Blood. 75: 488–98.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  181. Jung U, Ley K (1999) Mice Lacking Two or All Three Selectins Demonstrate Overlapping and Distinct Functions of Each Selectin. J. Immunol. 162: 6755–62.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  182. Jung U, Norman KE, Ramos CL, Scharffetter-Kochanek K, Beaudet AL, Ley K (1998) Transit Time of Leukocytes Rolling through Venules Controls Cytokine-induced Inflammatory Cell Recruitment in vivo. J. Clin. Invest. 102: 1526–33.

    Google Scholar 

  183. Jung U, Ramos CL, Bullard DC, Ley K (1998) Gene-targeted Mice Reveal Importance of L-selectindependent Rolling for Neutrophil Adhesion. Am. J. Physiol. 274: H1785 - H1791.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  184. Jutila KL, Kishimoto TK, Butcher EC (1990) Regulation and Lectin Activity of the Human Neutrophil Peripheral Lymph Node Homing Receptor. Blood. 76: 178–83.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  185. Kahn J, Ingraham RH, Shirley F, Migaki GI, Kishimoto TK (1994) Membrane Proximal Cleavage of L-selectin: Identification of the Cleavage Site and a 6-kD Transmembrane Peptide Fragment of Lselectin. J. Cell Biol. 125: 461–70.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  186. Kahn J, Walcheck B, Migaki GI, Jutila MA, Kishimoto TK (1998) Calmodulin Regulates L-selectin Adhesion Molecule Expression and Function through a Protease-dependent Mechanism. Cell. 92: 809–18.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  187. Kamykowski GW, Mosher DF, Lorand L, Ferry JD (1981) Modification of Shear Modulus and Creep Compliance of Fibrin Clots by Fibronectin. Biophys. Chem. 13: 25–8.

    Google Scholar 

  188. Kansas GS (1996) Selectins and their Ligands: Current Concepts and Controversies. Blood. 88: 325987.

    Google Scholar 

  189. Kansas GS (2001) Selectins and their Ligands in Inflammation. In: Physiology of Inflammation (Ley, K., Eds.), Oxford University Press. New York. 222–41.

    Google Scholar 

  190. Kansas GS, Ley K, Munro JM, Tedder TF (1993) Regulation of Leukocyte Rolling and Adhesion to Endothelium by the Cytoplasmic Domain of L-selectin. J. Exp. Med. 177: 833–8.

    Google Scholar 

  191. Kansas GS, Saunders KB, Ley K, Zakrzewicz A, Gibson RM, Furie BC, Furie B, Tedder TF (1994) A Role for the Epidermal Growth Factor-like Domain of P-selectin in Ligand Recognition and Cell Adhesion. J. Cell Biol. 124: 609–18.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  192. Kawashima H, Li YF, Watanabe N, Hirose J, Hirose M, Miyasaka M (1999) Identification and Characterization of Ligands for L-selectin in the Kidney. I. Versican, a Large Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan, is a Ligand for L-selectin. International Immunology. 11: 393–405.

    Google Scholar 

  193. Kawashima H, Watanabe N, Hirose M, Li YF, Hirose J, Miyasaka M (1998) Vascular and Non-vascular Ligands for L-selectin. Cell Adhesion Communication. 6: 135–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  194. Kelm S, Schauer R (1997) Sialic Acids in Molecular and Cellular Interactions. Int. Rev. Cystol. 175: 137–240.

    Google Scholar 

  195. Kerjaschki D, Sharkey DJ, Farquhar MG (1984) Identification and Characterization of Podocalyxin–the Major Sialoprotein of the Renal Glomerular Epithelial Cell. J. Cell Biol. 98: 1519–26.

    Google Scholar 

  196. Kil SH, Krull CE, Cann G, Clegg D, Bronner-Fraser M (1998) The a4 Subunit of Integrin is Important for Neural Crest Cell Migration. Dev. Biol. 202: 29–42.

    Google Scholar 

  197. Kimura N, Mitsuoka C, Kanamori A, Hiraiwa N, Uchimura K, Muramatsu T, Tamatani T, Kansas GS, Kannagi R (1999) Reconstitution of Functional L-selectin Ligands on a Cultured Human Endothelial Cell Line by Cotransfection of al-3 fucosyltransferase VII and Newly Cloned G1cNAcbeta: 6-sulfotransferase cDNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 96: 4530–5.

    Google Scholar 

  198. Kishimoto TK, Jutila MA, Berg EL, Butcher EC (1989) Neutrophil Mac-1 and MEL-14 Adhesion Proteins Inversely Regulated by Chemotactic Factors. Science. 245: 1238–41.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  199. Kitagawa H, Paulson JC (1994) Cloning of a Novel Alpha 2,3-sialyltransferase that Sialylates Glycoprotein and Glycolipid Carbohydrate Groups. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 1394–401.

    Google Scholar 

  200. Kitayama J, Fuhlbrigge RC, Puri KD, Springer TA (1997) P-selectin, L-selectin, and a4 Integrin have Distinct Roles in Eosinophil Tethering and Arrest on Vascular Endothelial Cells under Physiological Flow Conditions. J. Immunol. 159: 3929–39.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  201. Klaassen CD, Boles JW (1997) Sulfation and Sulfotransferases 5: the Importance of 3’-phosphoadenosine 5’-phosphosulfate ( PAPS) in the Regulation of Sulfation. FASEB J. 11: 404–18.

    Google Scholar 

  202. Koenig A, Jain R, Vig R, Norgard-Sumnicht KE, Matta KL, Varki A (1997) Selectin Inhibition-Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Sialylated, Sulfated and Fucosylated Oligosaccharides, Including the Major Capping Group of G1yCAM-1. Glycobiology. 7: 79–93.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  203. Koni PA, Joshi SK, Temann UA, Olson D, Burkly L, Flavell RA (2001) Conditional Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 Deletion in Mice. Impaired Lymphocyte Migration to Bone Marrow. J. Exp. Med. 193: 741–54.

    Google Scholar 

  204. Kono M, Ohyama Y, Lee YC, Hamamoto T, Kojima N, Tsuji S (1997) Mouse Beta-galactoside Alpha 2,3-sialyltransferases: Comparison of in vitro Substrate Specificities and Tissue Specific Expression. Glycobiology. 7: 469–79.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  205. Kubes P, Kanwar S (1994) Histamine Induces Leukocyte Rolling in Post-capillary Venules: A Pselectin Mediated Event. J. Immunol. 152: 3570–7.

    Google Scholar 

  206. Kuijpers TW, Tool ATJ, van der Schoot CE, Ginsel LA, Onderwater JJM, Roos D, Verhoeven AJ (1991) Membrane Surface Antigen Expression on Neutrophils: A Reappraisal of the Use of Surface Markers for Neutrophil Activation. Blood. 78: 1105–11.

    Google Scholar 

  207. Kumar R, Camphausen RT, Sullivan FX, Cumming DA (1996) Core2 13–1,6-n-acetylglucosaminyltransferase Enzyme Activity is Critical for P-selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1 binding to P- selectin. Blood. 88: 3872–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  208. Kunkel EJ, Chomas JE, Ley K (1998) Role of Primary and Secondary Capture for Leukocyte Accumulation in vivo. Circ. Res. 82: 30–8.

    Google Scholar 

  209. Kunkel EJ, Dunne JL, Ley K (2000) Leukocyte Arrest during Cytokine-dependent Inflammation in vivo. J. Immunol. 164: 3301–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  210. Kunkel EJ, Jung U, Ley K (1997) TNF-a Induces Selectin-dependent Leukocyte Rolling in Mouse Cremaster Muscle Arterioles. Am. J. Physiol. 272: H1391–400.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  211. Kunkel EJ, Ley K (1996) Distinct Phenotype of E-selectin Deficient Mice: E-selectin is Required for Slow Leukocyte Rolling in vivo. Circ. Res. 79: 1196–204.

    Google Scholar 

  212. Kunkel EJ, Ramos CL, Steeber DA, Muller W, Wagner N, Tedder TF, Ley K (1998) The Roles of Lselectin, 137 Integrins, and P-selectin in Leukocyte Rolling and Adhesion in High Endothelial Venules of Peyers Patches. J. Immunol. 161: 2449–56.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  213. Kwee L, Baldwin HS, Shen HM, Stewart CL, Buck C, Buck CA, Labow MA (1995) Defective Development of the Embryonic and Extraembryonic Circulatory Systems in Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule (VCAM-1) Deficient Mice. Development. 121.

    Google Scholar 

  214. Lalor PF, Clements JM, Pigott R, Humphries MJ, Spragg JH, Nash GB (1997) Association between Receptor Density, Cellular Activation, and Transformation of Adhesive Behavior of Flowing Lymphocytes Binding to VCAM-1. Eur. J. Immunol. 27: 1422–6.

    Google Scholar 

  215. Languino LR, Plescia J, Duperray A, Brian AA, Plow EF, Geltosky JE, Altieri DC (1993) Fibrinogen Mediates Leukocyte Adhesion to Vascular Endothelium through an ICAM-1-dependent Pathway. Cell. 73: 1423–34.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  216. Larsen GR, Sako D, Ahern TJ, Shaffer M, Erban J, Sajer SA, Gibson RM, Wagner DD, Furie BC, Furie B (1992) P-selectin and E-selectin: Distinct but Overlapping Leukocyte Ligand Specificities. J. Biol. Chem. 267: 11104–10.

    Google Scholar 

  217. Lasky LA, Singer MS, Dowbenko D, Imai Y, Henzel WJ, Grimley C, Fennie C, Gillett N, Watson SR, Rosen SD (1992) An Endothelial Ligand for L-selectin is a Novel Mucin-like Molecule. Cell. 69: 92738.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  218. Laszik Z, Jansen PJ, Cummings RD, Tedder TF, McEver RP, Moore KL (1996) P-selectin Glycoprotein Ligand- 1 is Broadly Expressed in Cells of Myeloid, Lymphoid, and Dendritic Lineage and in Some Nonhematopoietic Cells. Blood. 88: 3010–21.

    Google Scholar 

  219. Laudanna C, Constantin G, Baron P, Scardini E, Scarlato G, Cabrini G, Dechecchi C, Rossi F, Cassatella MA, Berton G (1994) Sulfatides Trigger Increase of Cytosolic Free Calcium and Enhanced Expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor a and Interleukin-8 Messenger RNA in Human Neutrophils - Evidence for a Role of L-selectin as a Signalling Molecule. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 4021–6.

    Google Scholar 

  220. Law DA, Nannizzi-Alaimo L, Phillips DR (1996) Outside-in Integrin Signal Transduction - allb03(GP IIb-IIIa) Tyrosine Phosphorylation Induced by Platelet Aggregation. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 10811–5.

    Google Scholar 

  221. Lawler J, Weinstein R, Hynes RO (1988) Cell Attachment to Thrombospondin: The Role of ARGGLY-ASP, Calcium, and Integrin Receptors. J. Cell Biol. 107: 2351–61.

    Google Scholar 

  222. Lawrence MB, Springer TA (1991) Leukocytes Roll on a Selectin at Physiologic Flow Rates: Distinction from and Prerequisite for Adhesion through Integrins. Cell. 65: 859–73.

    Google Scholar 

  223. Lawrence MB, Springer TA (1993) Neutrophils Roll on E-selectin. J. Immunol. 151: 6338–46.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  224. Lee JO, Rieu P, Arnaout MA, Liddington R (1995) Crystal Structure of the A Domain from the a Subunit of Integrin CR3 (CDllb/CD18). Cell. 80: 631–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  225. Lee JO, Bankston LA, Arnaout MA, Liddington RC (1995) Two Conformations of the Integrin A-domain ( I-domain ): A Pathway for Activation. Structure. 3: 1333–40.

    Google Scholar 

  226. Lee YC, Kojima N, Wada E, Kurosawa N, Nakaoka T, Hamamoto T, Tsuji S (1994) Cloning and Expression of cDNA for a New Type of Gal Beta 1,3Ga1NAc Alpha 2,3-sialyltransferase. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 10028–33.

    Google Scholar 

  227. Leeuwenberg JFM, Tan A, Jeunhomme TMAA, Ploegh HL, Buurman WA (1991) The Ligand Recognized by ELAM-1 on HL60 Cells is not carried by N-linked Oligosaccharides. European J. Immunol. 21: 3057–9.

    Google Scholar 

  228. Lenter M, Levinovitz A, Isenmann S, Vestweber D (1994) Monospecific and Common Glycoprotein Ligands for E- and P-selectin in Myeloid Cells. J. Cell Biol. 125: 471–81.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  229. Leuker CE, Labow M, Muller W, Wagner N (2001) Neonatally Induced Inactivation of the Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 Gene Impairs B Cell Localization and T Cell-dependent Humoral Immune Response. J. Exp. Med. 193: 755–68.

    Google Scholar 

  230. Levinovitz A, Mühlhoff J, Isenmann S, Vestweber D (1993) Identification of a Glycoprotein Ligand for E-selectin on Mouse Myeloid Cells. J. Cell Biol. 121: 449–59.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  231. Ley K (1994) Histamine can Induce Leukocyte Rolling in Rat Mesenteric Venules. American J. Physiol. 267: H1017–23.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  232. Ley K (1995) Gene-targeted Mice in Leukocyte Adhesion Research. Microcirculation 2: 141–50.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  233. Ley K (1997) The Selectins as Rolling Receptors. In: The Selectins ( Vestweber, D., Eds.), Harwood Academic Publishers. Amsterdam. 63–104.

    Google Scholar 

  234. Ley K (2001) Leukocyte Recruitment as seen by Intravital Microscopy. In: Physiology of Inflammation ( Ley, K., Eds.), Oxford University Press. New York.

    Google Scholar 

  235. Ley K (2001) Pathways and Bottlenecks in the Web of Inflammatory Adhesion Molecules and Chemoattractants. Immunol. Rev. 24: 87–95.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  236. Ley K, Allietta M, Bullard DC, Morgan SJ (1998) Importance of E-selectin for Firm Leukocyte Adhesion in vivo. Circ. Res. 83: 287–94.

    Google Scholar 

  237. Ley K, Bullard DC, Arbones ML, Bosse R, Vestweber D, Tedder TF, Beaudet AL (1995) Sequential Contribution of L- and P-selectin to Leukocyte Rolling in vivo. J. Exp. Med. 181: 669–75.

    Google Scholar 

  238. Ley K, Cerrito M, Arfors KE (1991) Sulfated Polysaccharides Inhibit Leukocyte Rolling in Rabbit Mesentery Venules. Am. J. Physiol. 260: H1667–73.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  239. Ley K, Gaehtgens P (1991) Endothelial, not Hemodynamic Differences are Responsible for Preferential Leukocyte Rolling in Venules. Circ. Res. 69: 1034–41.

    Google Scholar 

  240. Ley K, Tedder TF (1995) Leukocyte Interactions with Vascular Endothelium: New Insights into Selectin-mediated Attachment and Rolling. J. Immunol. 155: 525–8.

    Google Scholar 

  241. Li F, Wilkins PP, Crawley S, Weinstein J, Cummings RD, McEver RP (1996) Post-translational Modifications of Recombinant P-selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1 Required for Binding to P- and Eselectin. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 3255–64.

    Google Scholar 

  242. Li H, Deyrup A, Mensch JR, Domowicz M, Konstantinidis AK, Schwartz NB (1995) The Isolation and Characterization of cDNA Encoding the Mouse Bifunctional ATP Sulfurylase-adenosine 5’phosphosulfate Kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 29453–9.

    Google Scholar 

  243. Li SH, Burns DK, Rumberger JM, Presky DH, Wilkinson VL, Anostario M, Wolitzky BA, Norton CR, Familetti PC, Kim KJ, Goldstein AL, Cox DC, Huang KS (1994) Consensus Repeat Domains of E-selectin Enhance Ligand Binding. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 4431–7.

    Google Scholar 

  244. Li X, Tedder TF (1999) CHST1 and CHST2 Sulfotransferases Expressed by Human Vascular Endothelial Cells: cDNA Cloning, Expression, and Chromosomal Localization. Genomics. 55.

    Google Scholar 

  245. Liao F, Ali J, Greene T, Muller WA (1997) Soluble Domain 1 of Platelet-endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (PECAM) is Sufficient to Block Transendothelial Migration in vitro and in vivo. J. Exp. Med. 185: 1349–57.

    Google Scholar 

  246. Liao F, Huynh HK, Eiroa A, Greene T, Polizzi E, Muller WA (1995) Migration of Monocytes across Endothelium and Passage through Extracellular Matrix Involve Separate Molecular Domains of PECAM-1. J. Exp. Med. 182: 1337–43.

    Google Scholar 

  247. Liaw L, Skinner MP, Raines EW, Ross R, Cheresh DA, Schwartz SM, Giachelli CM (1995) The Adhesive and Migratory Effects of Osteopontin are Mediated via Distinct Cell Surface Integrins. Role of a,,133 in Smooth Muscle Cell Migration to Osteopontin in vitro. J. Clin. Invest. 95: 713–24.

    Google Scholar 

  248. Liesveld JL, Winslow JM, Frediani KE, Ryan DH, Abboud CN (1993) Expression of Integrins and Examination of their Adhesive Function in Normal and Leukemic Hematopoietic Cells. Blood. 81: 112–21.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  249. Lindberg FP, Bullard DC, Caver TE, Gresham HD, Beaudet AL, Brown EJ (1996) Decreased Resistance to Bacterial Infection and Granulocyte Defects in IAP-deficient Mice. Science 274: 795–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  250. Lipowsky HH, House SD, Firrell JC (1988) Leukocyte Endothelium Adhesion and Microvascular Hemodynamics. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 242: 85–93.

    Google Scholar 

  251. Loike JD, Sodeik B, Cao L, Leucona S, Weitz JI, Detmers PA, Wright SD, Silverstein SC (1991) CD11c/CD18 on Neutrophils Recognizes a Domain at the N Terminus of the Aa Chain of Fibrinogen. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 88: 1044–8.

    Google Scholar 

  252. Lorant DE, McEver RP, McIntyre TM, Moore KL, Prescott SM, Zimmerman GA (1995) Activation of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes Reduces their Adhesion to P-selectin and Causes Redistribution of Ligands for P- selectin on their Surfaces. J. Clin. Invest. 96: 171–82.

    Google Scholar 

  253. Lorant DE, Topham MK, Whatley RE, McEver RP, McIntyre TM, Prescott SM, Zimmerman GA (1993) Inflammatory Roles of P-selectin. J. Clin. Invest. 92: 559–70.

    Google Scholar 

  254. Lorenzon P, Vecile E, Nardon E, Ferrero E, Harlan JM, Tedesco F, Dobrina A (1998) Endothelial Cell E- and P-selectin and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Function as Signalling Receptors. J. Cell Biol. 142: 1381–91.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  255. Lowe JB (1997) Selectin Ligands, Leukocyte Trafficking, and Fucosyltransferase Genes. Kidney International. 51: 1418–26.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  256. Lu CF, Springer TA (1997) The a Subunit Cytoplasmic Domain Regulates the Assembly and Adhesiveness of Integrin Lymphocyte Function-associated Antigen-1. J. Immunol. 159: 268–78.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  257. Lu HF, Smith CW, Perrard J, Bullard D, Tang LP, Shappell SB, Entman ML, Beaudet AL, Ballantyne CM (1997) LFA-1 is Sufficient in Mediating Neutrophil Emigration in Mac- 1-deficient Mice. J. Clin. Invest. 99: 1340–50.

    Google Scholar 

  258. Luhn K, Wild MK, Eckhardt M, Gerardy-Schahn R, Vestweber D (2001) The Gene Defective in Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency II Encodes a Putative GDP-fucose Transporter. Nat. Genet. 28: 6972.

    Google Scholar 

  259. Luscinskas FW, Gimbrone MA Jr (1996) Endothelial-dependent Mechanisms in Chronic Inflammatory Leukocyte Recruitment. Annu. Rev. Med. 47: 413–21.

    Google Scholar 

  260. Luster AD, MacLean JA (2001) Chemokine and Chemokine Receptors. In: Physiology of inflammation (Ley K., Eds.), Oxford University Press. New York. 90–110.

    Google Scholar 

  261. Luu NT, Rainger GE, Nash GB (2000) Differential Ability of Exogenous Chemotactic Agents to Disrupt Transendothelial Migration of Flowing Neutrophils. J. Immunol. 164.

    Google Scholar 

  262. Magnusson MK, Mosher DF (1998) Fibronectin: Structure, Assembly, and Cardiovascular Implications. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 18: 1363–70.

    Google Scholar 

  263. Maiti A, Maki G, Johnson P (1998) TNF-alpha Induction of CD44-mediated Leukocyte Adhesion by Sulfation. Science. 282: 941–3.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  264. Malergue F, Galland F, Martin F, Mansuelle P, Aurrand-Lions M, Naquet P (1998) A Novel Immunoglobulin Superfamily Junctional Molecule Expressed by Antigen Presenting Cells, Endothelial Cells and Platelets. Mol Immunol. 35: 1111–9.

    Google Scholar 

  265. Maly P, Thall AD, Petryniak B, Rogers CE, Smith PL, Marks RM, Kelly RJ, Gersten KM, Cheng G, Saunders TL, Camper SA, Camphausen RT, Sullivan FX, Isogai Y, Hindsgaul O, von Andrian UH, Lowe JB (1996) The a(1,3)fucosyltransferase Fuc-TVII Controls Leukocyte Trafficking through an Essential Role in L-, E-, and P-selectin Ligand Biosynthesis. Cell. 86: 643–53.

    Google Scholar 

  266. Manka DR, Wiegman P, Din S, Sanders J, Gimple LW, Ragosta M, Powers ER, Ley K, Sarembock IJ (1999) Arterial Injury Increases Expression of Inflammatory Adhesion Molecules in the Carotid Arteries of Apoliporpotein-E-deficient Mice. J. Vasc. Res. 36: 372–8.

    Google Scholar 

  267. Marth JD (1999) 0-Glycans. In: Essentials of Glycobiology (Varki, A., Cummings, R. D., Esko, J. D., Freeze, H. H., Hart G, and Marth, J. D., Eds. ), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. 101–14.

    Google Scholar 

  268. Martin-Padura I, Lostaglio S, Schneemann M, Williams L, Romano M, Fruscella P, Panzeri C, Stoppacciaro A, Ruco L, Villa A, Simmons D, Dejana E (1998) Junctional Adhesion Molecule, a Novel Member of the Immunoglobulin Superfamily that Distributes at Intercellular Junctions and Modulates Monocyte Transmigration. J. Cell Biol. 142: 117–27.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  269. Matsuno H, Stassen JM, Moons L, Vermylen J, Hoylaerts MF (1996) Neointima Formation in Injured Hamster Carotid Artery is Effectively Prevented by the Combination G4120 and Quinapril. Thromb. Haemost. 76: 263–9.

    Google Scholar 

  270. Mayadas TN, Johnson RC, Rayburn H, Hynes RO, Wagner DD (1993) Leukocyte Rolling and Extravasation are Severely Compromised in P Selectin-deficient Mice. Cell. 74: 541–54.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  271. McEver RP (1997) Regulation of Expression of E-selectin and P-selectin. In: The Selectins ( Vestweber, D., Eds.), Harwood Academic Publishers. Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 31–48.

    Google Scholar 

  272. McEver RP, Beckstead JH, Moore KL, Marshall-Carlson L, Bainton DF (1989) GMP 140, a Platelet Alpha-granule Membrane Protein, is also Synthesized by Vascular Endothelial Cells and is Localized in Weibel-Palade Bodies. J. Clin. Invest. 84: 92–9.

    Google Scholar 

  273. McEver RP, Cummings RD (1997) Perspectives Series: Cell Adhesion in Vascular Biology. Role of PSGL-1 Binding to Selectins in Leukocyte Recruitment. J. Clin. Invest. 100: 485–91.

    Google Scholar 

  274. McEvoy LM, Jutila MA, Tsao PS, Cooke JP, Butcher EC (1997) Anti-CD43 Inhibits Monocyte-Endothelial Adhesion in Inflammation and Atherogenesis. Blood. 90: 3587–94.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  275. Mebius RE, Streeter PR, Michie S, Butcher EC, Weissman IL (1996) A Developmental Switch in Lymphocyte Homing Receptor and Endothelial Vascular Addressin Expression Regulates Lymphocyte Homing and Permits CD4+CD3- Cells to Colonize Lymph Nodes. Proc. Nad. Acad. Sci. USA. 93: 11019–24.

    Google Scholar 

  276. Mehta P, Cummings RD, McEver RP (1998) Affinity and Kinetic Analysis of P-selectin Binding to P-selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 32506–13.

    Google Scholar 

  277. Mehta P, Patel KD, Laue TM, Erickson HP, McEver RP (1997) Soluble Monomeric P-selectin Containing only the Lectin and Epidermal Growth Factor Domains Binds to P-selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1 on Leukocytes. Blood. 90: 2381–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  278. Metchnikoff ME (1893) Lectures on the Comparative Pathology of Inflammation. Kegan Paul, Trench Truebner Co. London.

    Google Scholar 

  279. Migaki GI, Kahn J, Kishimoto TK (1995) Mutational Analysis of the Membrane-proximal Cleavage site of L- selectin: Relaxed Sequence Specificity Surrounding the Cleavage Site. J. Exp. Med. 182: 54957.

    Google Scholar 

  280. Miller LJ, Bainton DF, Borregaard N, Springer TA (1987) Stimulated Mobilization of Monocyte Mac-1 and p 1 50,95 Adhesion Proteins from an Intracellular Vesicular Compartment to the Cell Surface. J. Clin. Invest. 80: 335–44.

    Google Scholar 

  281. Milstone DS, Fukumura D, Padgett RC, O’Donnell PE, Davis VM, Benavidez OJ, Monsky WL, Melder RJ, Jain RK, Gimbrone MA Jr (1998) Mice Lacking E-selectin show Normal Numbers of Rolling Leukocytes but Reduced Leukocyte Stable Arrest on Cytokine-activated Microvascular Endothelium. Microcirculation. 5: 153–71.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  282. Miyake K, Medina K, Ishihara K, Kimoto M, Auerbach R, Kincade PW (1991) A VCAM-like Adhesion Molecule on Murine Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Mediates Binding of Lymphocyte Precursors in Culture. J. Cell Biol. 114: 557–65.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  283. Modderman PW, Beuling EA, Govers LAT, Calafat J, Janssen H, Von dem Borne AEGK, Sonnenberg A (1998) Determinants in the Cytoplasmic Domain of P-selectin Required for Sorting to Secretory Granules. Biochem. J. 336: 153–61.

    Google Scholar 

  284. Mohamadzadeh M, DeGrendele H, Arizpe H, Estess P, Siegelman M (1998) Proinflammatory Stimuli Regulate Endothelial Hyaluronan Expression and CD44/HA-dependent Primary Adhesion. J. Clin. Invest. 101: 97–108.

    Google Scholar 

  285. Molica S, Dattilo A, Mannella A, Levato D (1996) Intercellular Adhesion Molecules (ICAMs) 2 and 3 are Frequently Expressed in B Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Leukemia. 10: 907–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  286. Moore KL, Eaton SF, Lyons DE, Lichenstein HS, Cummings RD, McEver RP (1994) The P-selectin Glycoprotein Ligand from Human Neutrophils Displays Sialylated, Fucosylated, 0-linked Poly-Nacetyllactosamine. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 23318–27.

    Google Scholar 

  287. Moore KL, Patel KD, Breuhl RE, Fugang L, Johnson DA, Lichenstein HS, Cummings RD, Bainton DF, McEver RP (1995) P-selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1 Mediates Rolling of Human Neutrophils on P-selectin. J. Cell Biol. 128: 661–71.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  288. Moore KL, Stults NL, Diaz S, Smith DF, Cummings RD, Varki A, McEver RP (1992) Identification of a Specific Glycoprotein Ligand for P-selectin (CD62) on Myeloid Cells. J. Cell Biol. 118: 445–56.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  289. Morgan SJ, Moore MW, Catalano G, Ley K (1997) Reduced Leukocyte Adhesion Response and Absence of Slow Leukocyte Rolling in Interleukin-8 (IL-8) Receptor Deficient Mice. Microvasc. Res. 54: 188–91.

    Google Scholar 

  290. Moy VT, Florin EL, Gaub HE (1994) Intermolecular Forces and Energies Between Ligands and Receptors. Science. 266: 257–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  291. Muller WA (1999) The Role of PECAM in Leukocyte Emigration. In: Vascular Adhesion Molecules and Inflammation (Pearson, J. D., Eds.), Birkhaeuser Verlag. Basel. 125–40.

    Google Scholar 

  292. Muller WA, Weigl SA, Deng X, Phillips DM (1993) PECAM-1 is Required for Transendothelial Migration of Leukocytes. J. Exp. Med. 178: 449–60.

    Google Scholar 

  293. Murphy PM, Baggiolini M, Charo IF, Hebert CA, Horuk R, Matsushima K, Miller LH, Oppenheim JJ, Power CA (2000) International Union of Pharmacology. XXII. Nomenclature for Chemokine Receptors. Pharmacol. Rev. 52: 145–76.

    Google Scholar 

  294. Nagai K, Larkin S, Hartnell A, Larbi K, Aghakhani MR, Windley C, Davies D, Lobb RR, Williams TJ, Nourshargh S (1999) Human Eotaxin Induces Eosinophil Extravasation through Rat Mesenteric Venules: Role of a4 Integrins and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1. Immunology. 96: 176–83.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  295. Nakache M, Berg EL, Streeter PR, Butcher EC (1989) The Mucosal Vascular Addressin is a Tissue-specific Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule for Circulating Lymphocytes. Nature. 337: 179–81.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  296. Nandi A, Estess P, Siegelman MH (2000) Hyaluronan Anchoring and Regulation on the Surface of Vascular Endothelial Cells Is Mediated through the Functionally Active Form of CD44. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 14939–48.

    Google Scholar 

  297. Natsuka S, Gersten KM, Zenita K, Kannagi R, Lowe JB (1994) Molecular Cloning of a cDNA Encoding a Novel Human Leukocyte a-1,3-fucosyltransferase Capable of Synthesizing the Sialyl Lewis x Determinant. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 16789–94.

    Google Scholar 

  298. Natsuka S, Lowe JB (1994) Glycosyltransferases in Oligosaccharide Biosynthesis. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 4: 683–91.

    Google Scholar 

  299. Newton-Nash DK, Newman PJ (1999) A New Role for Platelet-endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (CD31): Inhibition of TCR-mediated Signal Transduction. J. Immunol. 163: 682–8.

    Google Scholar 

  300. Ni H, Denis CV, Subbarao S, Degen JL, Sato TN, Hynes RO, Wagner DD (2000) Persistence of Platelet Thrombus Formation in Arterioles of Mice Lacking Both von Willebrand Factor and Fibrinogen. J. Clin. Invest. 106: 385–92.

    Google Scholar 

  301. Nicholson MW, Barclay AN, Singer MS, Rosen SD, Vandermerwe PA (1998) Affinity and Kinetic Analysis of L-selectin (CD62L) Binding to Glycosylation-dependent Cell-Adhesion Molecule-1. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 763–70.

    Google Scholar 

  302. Nobis U, Pries AR, Cokelet GR, Gaehtgens P (1985) Radial Distribution of White Cells during Blood Flow in Small Tubes. Microvasc. Res. 29: 295–304.

    Google Scholar 

  303. Norgard-Sumnicht KE, Varki A (1995) Endothelial Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans that Bind to Lselectin have Glucosamine Residues with Unsubstituted Amino Groups. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 12012–24.

    Google Scholar 

  304. Norgard-Sumnicht KE, Varki NM, Varki A (1993) Calcium-dependent Heparin-like Ligands for Lselectin in Nonlymphoid Endothelial Cells. Science. 261: 480–3.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  305. Norgard KE, Moore KL, Diaz S, Stults NL, Ushiyama S, McEver RP, Cummings RD, Varki A (1993) Characterization of a Specific Ligand for P-selectin on Myeloid Cells. A Minor Glycoprotein with Sialylated 0-linked Oligosaccharides. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 12764–74.

    Google Scholar 

  306. Norman KE, Katopodis AG, Thoma G, Kolbinger F, Hicks AE, Cotter MI, Pockley AG, Hellewell PG (2000) P-selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1 Supports Rolling on E- and P-selectin in vivo. Blood. 96: 3585–91.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  307. Norman KE, Moore KL, McEve RP, Ley K (1995) Leukocyte Rolling in vivo is Mediated by PSelectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1. Blood. 86: 4417–21.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  308. Okajima T, Fukumoto S, Ito H, Kiso M, Hirabayashi Y, Urano T, Furukawa K (1999) Molecular Cloning of Brain-specific GDlalpha Synthase (ST6Ga1NAc V) containing CAG/Glutamine repeats. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 30557–62.

    Google Scholar 

  309. Osborn L, Vassallo C, Browning BG, Tizard R, Haskard DO, Benjamin CD, Dougas I, Kirchhausen T (1994) Arrangement of Domains, and Amino Acid Residues Required for Binding of Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 to its Counter-receptor VLA-4 (431). J. Cell Biol. 124: 601–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  310. Ostberg JR, Barth RK, Frelinger JG (1998) The Roman God Janus: a Paradigm for the Function of CD43. Immunol. Today. 19: 546–50.

    Google Scholar 

  311. Ouyang YB, Lane WS, Moore KL (1998) Tyrosylprotein Sulfotransferase - Purification and Molecular Cloning of an Enzyme that Catalyzes Tyrosine 0-sulfation, a Common Posttranslational Modification of Eukaryotic Proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 95: 2896–901.

    Google Scholar 

  312. Ouyang YB, Moore KL (1998) Molecular Cloning and Expression of Human and Mouse Tyrosylprotein Sulfotransferase-2 and a Tyrosylprotein Sulfotransferase Homologue in Caenorhabditis Elegans. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 273: 24770–4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  313. Oxvig C, Springer TA (1998) Experimental Support for a 13- Domain in Integrin a-subunits and a Calcium Binding Site on its Lower Surface. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 95: 4870–5.

    Google Scholar 

  314. Ozaki H, Ishii K, Horiuchi H, Arai H, Kawamoto T, Okawa K, Iwamatsu A, Kita T (1999) Cutting Edge: Combined Treatment of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma Causes Redistribution of Junctional Adhesion Molecule in Human Endothelial Cells. J. Immunol. 163: 553–7.

    Google Scholar 

  315. Pan JL, McEver RP (1995) Regulation of the Human P-selectin Promoter by Bd-3 and Specific Homodimeric Members of the NF-kappaB/Rel Family. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 23077–83.

    Google Scholar 

  316. Pan JL, Xia LJ, Yao LB, McEver RP (1998) Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha-or Lipopolysaccharideinduced Expression of the Murine P-selectin Gene in Endothelial Cells Involves Novel xB Sites and a Variant Activating Transcription Factor cAMP response element. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 10068–77.

    Google Scholar 

  317. Papayannopoulou T, Craddock C, Nakamoto B, Priestley GV, Wolf NS (1995) The VLA4/VCAM-1 Adhesion Pathway Defines Contrasting Mechanisms of Lodgement of Transplanted Murine Hemopoietic Progenitors Between Bone Marrow and Spleen. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 92: 9647–51.

    Google Scholar 

  318. Papayannopoulou T, Nakamoto B (1993) Peripheralization of Hemopoietic Progenitors in Primates Treated with Anti-VLA4 Integrin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 90: 9374–8.

    Google Scholar 

  319. Paret G, Prince T, Keller N, Dagan O, Sasson Y, Barzilai A, Guthmann D, Barzilay Z (2000) Plasma-soluble E-selectin after Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Children: Is it a Marker of the Postoperative Course? J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. 14: 433–7.

    Google Scholar 

  320. Patel KD, Nollert MU, McEver RP (1995) P-selectin Must Extend a Sufficient Length from the Plasma Membrane to Mediate Rolling of Neutrophils. J. Cell Biol. 131: 1893–902.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  321. Pavalko FM, Walker DM, Graham L, Goheen M, Doerschuk CM, Kansas GS (1995) The Cytoplasmic Domain of L-selectin Interacts with Cytoskeletal Proteins via a-actinin: Receptor Positioning in Microvilli does not Require Interaction with a-actinin. J. Cell Biol. 129: 55–64.

    Google Scholar 

  322. Peschon JJ, Slack JL, Reddy P, Stocking KL, Sunnarborg SW, Lee DC, Russell WE, Castner BJ, Johnson RS, Fitzner JN, Boyce RW, Nelson N, Kozlosky CJ, Wolfson MF, Rauch CT, Cerretti DP, Paxton RJ, March CJ, Black RA (1998) An Essential Role for Ectodomain Shedding in Mammalian Development. Science 282: 1281–4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  323. Piali L, Hammel P, Uherek C, Bachmann F, Gisler RH, Dunon D, Imhof BA (1995) CD31/PECAM-1 is a Ligand for 003 Integrin Involved in Adhesion of Leukocytes to Endothelium. J. Cell Biol. 130: 451–60.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  324. Piali L, Weber C, LaRosa G, MacKay CR, Springer TA, Clark-Lewis I, Moser B (1998) The Chemokine Receptor CXCR3 Mediates Rapid and Shear-resistant Adhesion-induction of Effector T Lymphocytes by the Chemokines IP10 and MIG. Eur. J. Immunol. 28: 961–72.

    Google Scholar 

  325. Picker LJ, Warnock RA, Burns AR, Doerschuk CM, Berg EL, Butcher EC (1991) The Neutrophil Selectin LECAM-1 Presents Carbohydrate Ligands to the Vascular Selectins ELAM-1 and GMP140. Cell. 66: 921–33.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  326. Pigott R, Needham LA, Edwards RM, Walker C, Power C (1991) Structural and Functional Studies of the Endothelial Activation Antigen Endothelial Leucocyte Adhesion Molecule-1 Using a Panel of Monoclonal Antibodies. J. Immunol. 147: 130–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  327. Plescia J, Altieri DC (1996) Activation of Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18)-bound Factor X by Released Cathepsin G Defines an Alternative Pathway of Leucocyte Initiation of Coagulation. Biochem. J. 319 (Pt 3): 873–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  328. Pouyani T, Seed B (1995) PSGL-1 Recognition of P-selectin is Controlled by a Tyrosine Sulfation Consensus at the PSGL-1 Amino Terminus. Cell. 83: 333–43.

    Google Scholar 

  329. Priatel JJ, Chui D, Hiraoka N, Simmons CJ, Richardson KB, Page DM, Fukuda M, Varki NM, Marth JD (2000) The ST3Ga1-I Sialyltransferase Controls CD8+ T Lymphocyte Homeostasis by Modulating 0-glycan Biosynthesis. Immunity. 12: 273–83.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  330. Ramachandran V, Nollert MU, Qiu H, Liu WJ, Cummings RD, Zhu C, McEver RP (1999) Tyrosine Replacement in P-selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1 Affects Distinct Kinetic and Mechanical Properties of Bonds with P- and L-selectin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 96: 13771–6.

    Google Scholar 

  331. Ramos CL, Huo Y, Jung U, Ghosh S, Manka DR, Sarembock IJ, Ley K (1999) Direct Demonstration of P-selectin and VCAM-1-dependent Mononuclear Cell Rolling in Early Atherosclerotic Lesions of Apolipoprotein E-deficient Mice. Circ. Res. 84: 1237–44.

    Google Scholar 

  332. Ramos CL, Smith MJ, Snapp KR, Kansas GS, Stickney GW, Ley K, Lawrence MB (1998) Functional Characterization of L-selectin Ligands on Human Neutrophils and Leukemia Cell Lines: Evidence for Mucin-like Ligand Activity Distinct from P-selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1. Blood. 91: 1067–75.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  333. Read MA, Neish AS, Luscinskas FW, Palombella VJ, Maniatis T, Collins T (1995) The Proteasome Pathway is Required for Cytokine-induced Endothelial-leukocyte Adhesion Molecule Expression. Immunity. 2: 493–506.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  334. Rice GE, Munro JM, Corless C, Bevilacqua MP (1991) Vascular and Nonvascular Expression of INCAM-110: A Target for Mononuclear Leukocyte Adhesion in Normal and Inflamed Human Tissues. Am. J. Pathol. 138: 385–93.

    Google Scholar 

  335. Rival Y, Del Maschio A, Rabiet MJ, Dejana E, Duperray A (1996) Inhibition of Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule- 1 Synthesis and Leukocyte Transmigration in Endothelial Cells by the Combined Action of TNF-a and IFN-gamma. J. Immunol. 157: 1233–41.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  336. Robinson SD, Frenette PS, Rayburn H, Cummiskey M, Ullman-Cullere M, Wagner DD, Hynes RO (1999) Multiple, Targeted Deficiencies in Selectins Reveal a Predominant Role for P-selectin in Leukocyte Recruitment. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96: 11452–7.

    Google Scholar 

  337. Rosen SD (1999) Endothelial Ligands for L-selectin: from Lymphocyte Recirculation to Allograft Rejection. Am. J. Pathol. 155: 1013–20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  338. Sako D, Chang XJ, Barone KM, Vachino G, White HM, Shaw G, Veldman GM, Bean KM, Ahern TJ, Furie B, Cumming DA, Larsen GR (1993) Expression Cloning of a Functional Glycoprotein Ligand for P-selectin. Cell. 75: 1179–86.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  339. Sako D, Comess KM, Barone KM, Camphausen RT, Cumming DA, Shaw GD (1995) A Sulfated Peptide Segment at the Amino Terminus of PSGL-1 is Critical for P-selectin Binding. Cell. 83: 323–31.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  340. Salmi M, Jalkanen S (1992) A 90-kilodalton Endothelial Cell Molecule Mediating Lymphocyte Binding in Humans. Science. 257: 1407–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  341. Salmi M, Jalkanen S (1992) Regulation of L-selectin Expression on Cultured Bone Marrow Leukocytes and their Precursors. European J. Immunol. 22: 835–43.

    Google Scholar 

  342. Salmi M, Tohka S, Berg EL, Butcher EC, Jalkanen S (1997) Vascular Adhesion Protein 1 (VAP-1) Mediates Lymphocyte Subtype-specific, Selectin-independent Recognition of Vascular Endothelium in Human Lymph Nodes. J. Exp. Med. 186: 589–600.

    Google Scholar 

  343. Salmi M, Yegutkin GG, Lehvonen R, Koskinen K, Salminen T, Jalkanen S (2001) A Cell Surface Amine Oxidase Directly Controls Lymphocyte Migration. Immunity. 14: 265–76.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  344. Saltzman WM, Livingston TL, Parkhurst MR (1999) Antibodies to CD18 Influence Neutrophil Migration through Extracellular Matrix. J. Leukocyte Biol. 65: 356–63.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  345. Sammar M, Aigner S, Hubbe M, Schirrmacher V, Schachner M, Vestweber D, Altevogt P (1994) Heat-stable Antigen (CD24) as Ligand for Mouse P-selectin. International Immunology. 6: 1027–36.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  346. Sanders WJ, Katsumoto TR, Bertozzi CR, Rosen SD, Kiessling LL (1996) L-selectin-carbohydrate Interactions–Relevant Modifications of the Lewis“ Trisaccharide. Biochemistry. 35: 14862–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  347. Sandig M, Negrou E, Rogers KA (1997) Changes in the Distribution of LFA-1, Catenins, and F-actin During Transendothelial Migration of Monocytes in Culture. J. Cell Sci. 110: 2807–18.

    Google Scholar 

  348. Sasaki K, Kurata K, Funayama K, Nagata M, Watanabe E, Ohta S, Hanai N, Nishi T (1994) Expression Cloning of a Novel a1,3-fucosyltransferase that is Involved in Biosynthesis of the Sialyl Lewis“ Carbohydrate Determinants in Leukocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 14730–7.

    Google Scholar 

  349. Sasaki K, Watanabe E, Kawashima K, Sekine S, Dohi T, Oshima M, Hanai N, Nishi T, Hasegawa M (1993) Expression Cloning of a Novel Gal beta (1–3/1–4) GlcNAc a2,3-sialyltransferase Using Lectin Resistance Selection. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 22782–7.

    Google Scholar 

  350. Sassetti C, Tangemann K, Singer MS, Kershaw DB, Rosen SD (1998) Identification of Podocalyxinlike Protein as a High Endothelial Venule Ligand for L-selectin - Parallels to CD34. J. Exp. Med. 187: 1965–75.

    Google Scholar 

  351. Sassetti C, Van Zante A, Rosen SD (2000) Identification of Endoglycan, a Member of the CD34/Podocalyxin Family of Sialomucins. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 9001–10.

    Google Scholar 

  352. Scharffetter-Kochanek K, Lu HF, Norman K, Vannood N, Munoz F, Grabbe S, McArthur M, Lorenzo I, Kaplan S, Ley K, Smith CW, Montgomery CA, Rich S, Beaudet AL (1998) Spontaneous Skin Ulceration and Defective T Cell Function in CD18 Null Mice. J. Exp. Med. 188: 119–31.

    Google Scholar 

  353. Schlaepfer DD, Hanks SK, Hunter T, Van der Geer P (1994) Integrin-mediated Signal Transduction Linked to Ras Pathway by GR132 Binding to Focal Adhesion Kinase. Nature. 372: 786–91.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  354. Schleiffenbaum B, Spertini O, Tedder TF (1992) Soluble L-selectin is Present in Human Plasma at High Levels and Retains Functional Activity. J. Cell Biol. 119: 229–38.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  355. Schmid-Schönbein GW, Fung YC, Zweifach BW (1975) Vascular Endothelium-leukocyte Interaction. Sticking Shear Force in Venules. Circ. Res. 36: 173–84.

    Google Scholar 

  356. Schmid-Schönbein GW, Usami S, Skalak R, Chien S (1980) The Interaction of Leukocytes and Erythrocytes in Capillary and Postcapillary Vessels. Microvasc. Res. 19: 45–70.

    Google Scholar 

  357. Schmits R, Kündig TM, Baker DM, Shumaker G, Simard JJL, Duncan G, Wakeham A, Shahinian A, van der Heiden A, Bachmann MF, Ohashi PS, Mak TW, Hickstein DD (1996) LFA-1 Deficient Mice Show Normal CTL Responses to Virus but Fail to Reject Immunogenic Tumor. J. Exp. Med. 183: 1415–26.

    Google Scholar 

  358. Schwarzbauer JE, Spencer CS, Wilson CL (1989) Selective Secretion of Alternatively Spliced Fibronectin Variants. J. Cell Biol. 109: 3445–53.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  359. Schwientek T, Nomoto M, Levery SB, Merkx G, van Kessel AG, Bennett EP, Hollingsworth MA, Clausen H (1999) Control of 0-glycan Branch Formation. Molecular Cloning of Human cDNA Encoding a Novel (31,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase Forming Core 2 and Core 4. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 4504–12.

    Google Scholar 

  360. Schwientek T, Yeh JC, Levery SB, Keck B, Merkx G, van Kessel AG, Fukuda M, Clausen H (2000) Control of 0-glycan Branch Formation. Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Thymus-associated Core 2131, 6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 11106–13.

    Google Scholar 

  361. Screaton GR, Bell MV, Jackson DG, Cornelis FB, Gerth U, Bell JI (1992) Genomic Structure of DNA Encoding the Lymphocyte Homing Receptor CD44 Reveals at Least 12 Alternatively Spliced Exons. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89: 12160–4.

    Google Scholar 

  362. Senior RM, Gresham HD, Griffin GL, Brown EJ, Chung AE (1992) Entactin Stimulates Neutrophil Adhesion and Chemotaxis through Interactions Between its Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) Domain and the Leukocyte Response Integrin. J. Clin. Invest. 90: 2251–7.

    Google Scholar 

  363. Seveau S, Keller H, Maxfield FR, Piller F, Halbwachs-Mecarelli L (2000) Neutrophil Polarity and Locomotion are Associated with Surface Redistribution of Leukosialin (CD43), an Antiadhesive Membrane Molecule. Blood. 95: 2462–70.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  364. Shang T, Yednock T, Issekutz AC (1999) a9131 Integrin is Expressed on Human Neutrophils and Contributes to Neutrophil Migration through Human Lung and Synovial Fibroblast Barriers. J. Leukoc. Biol. 66: 809–16.

    Google Scholar 

  365. Shao JY, Ting-Beall HP, Hochmuth RM (1998) Static and Dynamic Lengths of Neutrophil Microvilli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. of the United States of America. 95: 6797–802.

    Google Scholar 

  366. Shih PT, Elices MJ, Fang ZT, Ugarova TP, Strahl D, Territo MC, Frank JS, Kovach NL, Cabanas C, Berliner JA, Vora DK (1999) Minimally Modified Low-density Lipoprotein Induces Monocyte Adhesion to Endothelial Connecting Segment-1 by Activating ß, Integrin. J. Clin. Invest. 103: 613–25.

    Google Scholar 

  367. Shimaoka M, Takagi J, Springer TA (2002) Conformational Regulation of Integrin Structure and Function. Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct. 31: 485–516.

    Google Scholar 

  368. Siegelman MH, DeGrendele HC, Estess P (1999) Activation and Interaction of CD44 and Hyaluronan in Immunological Systems. J. Leukocyte Biol. 66: 315–21.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  369. Siegelman MH, Stanescu D, Estess P (2000) The CD44-initiated Pathway of T-cell Extravasation uses VLA-4 but not LFA-1 for Firm Adhesion. J. Clin. Invest. 105: 683–91.

    Google Scholar 

  370. Simmons DL, Makgoba MW, Seed B (1988) ICAM, an Adhesion Ligand of LFA-1, is Homologous to the Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule NCAM. Nature. 331: 624–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  371. Simon SI, Burns AR, Taylor AD, Gopalan PK, Lynam EB, Sklar LA, Smith CW (1995) L-selectin (CD62L) Cross-linking Signals Neutrophil Adhesive Functions via the Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) f32integrin. J. Immunol. 155: 1502–14.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  372. Sligh JE Jr, Ballantyne CM, Rich SS, Hawkins HK, Smith CW, Bradley A, Beaudet AL (1993) Inflammatory and Immune Responses are Impaired in Mice Deficient in Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 90: 8529–33.

    Google Scholar 

  373. Smith DJ, Salmi M, Bono P, Hellman J, Leu T, Jalkanen S (1998) Cloning of Vascular Adhesion Protein 1 Reveals a Novel Multifunctional Adhesion Molecule. J. Exp. Med. 188: 17–27.

    Google Scholar 

  374. Smith JD, Craig AG, Kriek N, Hudson-Taylor D, Kyes S, Fagen T, Pinches R, Baruch DI, Newbold CI, Miller LH (2000) Identification of a Plasmodium Falciparum Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Binding Domain: a Parasite Adhesion Trait Implicated in Cerebral Malaria. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 97: 1766–71.

    Google Scholar 

  375. Smith MJ, Berg EL, Lawrence MB (1999) A Direct Comparison of Selectin-mediated Transient Adhesive Events Using High Temporal Resolution. Biophys. J. 77: 3371–83.

    Google Scholar 

  376. Smith ML, Smith MJ, Lawrence M, Ley K (2001) Leukocyte Rolling Velocity is Determined by Wall Shear Rate, not Wall Shear Stress. FASEB J. 15: A393. (Abstr).

    Google Scholar 

  377. Smith PL, Gersten KM, Petryniak B, Kelly RJ, Rogers C, Natsuka Y, Alford JA III, Scheidegger EP, Natsuka S, Lowe JB (1996) Expression of the a(1,3)fucosyltransferase Fuc-TVII in Lymphoid Aggregate High Endothelial Venules Correlates with Expression of L-selectin Ligands. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 8250–9.

    Google Scholar 

  378. Smith WB, Gamble JR, Clark-Lewis I, Vadas MA (1991) Interleukin-8 Induces Neutrophil Transendothelial Migration. Immunology. 72: 65–72.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  379. Smith WB, Gamble JR, Clark-Lewis I, Vadas MA (1993) Chemotactic Desensitization of Neutrophils Demonstrates Interleukin-8 (IL-8)-dependent and IL-8-independent Mechanisms of Transmigration through Cytokine-activated Endothelium. Immunology. 78: 491–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  380. Smolen JE, Petersen TK, Koch C, O’Keefe SJ, Hanlon WA, Seo S, Pearson D, Fossett MC, Simon SI (2000) L-Selectin Signalling of Neutrophil Adhesion and Degranulation Involves p38 Mitogenactivated Protein Kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 15876–84.

    Google Scholar 

  381. Somers WS, Tang J, Shaw GD, Camphausen RT (2000) Insights into the Molecular Basis of Leukocyte Tethering and Rolling Revealed by Structures of P- and E-selectin Bound to sLe(X) and PSGL-1. Cell 103: 467–79.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  382. Soriano SG, Lipton SA, Wang YMF, Xiao M, Springer TA, Gutierrez-Ramos JC, Hickey PR (1996) Intercellular Adhesion Molecule- 1-deficient Mice are Less Susceptible to Cerebral Ischaemic - Reperfusion Injury. Ann. Neurol. 39: 618–24.

    Google Scholar 

  383. Sperandio M, Forlow SB, Thatte J, Ellies LG, Marth JD, Ley K (2001) Differential Requirements for Core2 Glucosaminyltransferase for Endothelial L-selectin Ligand Function in vivo. J. Immunol. 167: 2268–74.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  384. Sperandio M, Thatte A, Foy D, Ellies LG, Marth JD, Ley K (2001) Severe Impairment of Leukocyte Rolling in Venules of core 2 Glucosaminyltransferase-deficient Mice. Blood. 97: 3812–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  385. Springer TA (1994) Traffic Signals for Lymphocyte Recirculation and Leukocyte Emigration: the Multistep Paradigm. Cell. 76: 301–14.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  386. Springer TA (1997) Folding of the N-terminal, Ligand-binding Region of Integrin a-subunits into a 0-propeller Domain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 94: 65–72.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  387. Sriramarao P, VonAndrian UH, Butcher EC, Bourdon MA, Broide DH (1994) L-selectin and Very Late Antigen-4 Integrin Promote Eosinophil Rolling at Physiological Shear Rates in vivo. J. Immunol. 153: 4238–46.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  388. Stacker SA, Springer TA (1991) Leukocyte Integrin p150,95 (CD11c/CD18) Functions as an Adhesion Molecule Binding to a Counter-receptor on Stimulated Endothelium. J. Immunol. 146: 648–55.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  389. Steeber DA, Engel P, Miller AS, Sheetz MP, Tedder TF (1997) Ligation of L-selectin Through Conserved Regions within the Lectin Domain Activates Signal Transduction Pathways and Integrin Function in Human, Mouse, and Rat Leukocytes. J. Immunol. 159: 952–63.

    Google Scholar 

  390. Steffen BJ, Breier G, Butcher EC, Schulz M, Engelhardt B (1996) ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and MAdCAM-1 are Expressed on Choroid Plexus Epithelium but not Endothelium and Mediate Binding of Lymphocytes in vitro. Am. J. Pathol. 148: 1819–38.

    Google Scholar 

  391. Stein B, Khew-Goodall Y, Vadas M (2001) Transmigration of Leukocytes. In: Physiology of Inflammation (Ley K., Eds.), Oxford University Press. New York. 338–80.

    Google Scholar 

  392. Stein JV, Cheng GY, Stockton BM, Fors BP, Butcher EC, von Andrian UH (1999) L-selectinMediated Leukocyte Adhesion in vivo: Microvillous Distribution Determines Tethering Efficiency, but not Tolling Velocity. J. Exp. Med. 189: 37–49.

    Google Scholar 

  393. Stenberg PE, McEver RP, Shuman MA, Jacques YV, Bainton DF (1985) A Platelet Alpha-granule Membrane Protein (GMP-140) is Expressed on the Plasma Membrane after Activation. J. Cell Biol. 101: 880–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  394. Stockton BM, Cheng GY, Manjunath N, Ardman B, von Andrian UH (1998) Negative Regulation of T Cell Homing by CD43. Immunity. 8: 373–81.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  395. Stoolman LM, Rosen SD (1983) Possible Role for Cell-surface Carbohydrate-binding Molecules in Lymphocyte Recirculation. J. Cell Biol. 96: 722–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  396. Streeter PR, Berg EL, Rouse BTN, Bargatze RF, Butcher EC (1988) A Tissue-specific Endothelial Cell Molecule Involved in Lymphocyte Homing. Nature. 331: 41–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  397. Streeter PR, Rouse BTN, Butcher EC (1988) Immunohistologic and Functional Characterization of a Vascular Addressin Involved in Lymphocyte Homing into Peripheral Lymph Nodes. J. Cell Biol. 107: 1853–62.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  398. Subramaniam M, Koedam JA, Wagner DD (1993) Divergent Fates of P- and E-selectins after their Expression on the Plasma Membrane. Mol. Biol. Cell. 4: 791–801.

    Google Scholar 

  399. Suehiro K, Smith JW, Plow EF (1996) The Ligand Recognition Specificity of 03 Integrins. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 10365–71.

    Google Scholar 

  400. Suzuki A, Andrew DP, Gonzalo JA, Fukumoto M, Spellberg J, Hashiyama M, Suda T, Takimoto H, Gerwin N, Webb J, Gutierrez-Ramos JC, Molineux G, McNiece I, Ley K, Butcher EC, May WS, Greaves MF, Amakawa R, Tada Y, Wakcham A, Mak TW (1996) CD34 Deficient Mice have Reduced Eosinophil Accumulation after Allergen Exposure and Reveal a Novel Crossreactive 90 kD Protein. Blood. 87: 3550–62.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  401. Tözeren A, Ley K (1992) How do Selectins Mediate Leukocyte Rolling in Venules ? Biophys. J. 63: 700–9.

    Google Scholar 

  402. Tamkun JW, DeSimone DW, Fonda D, Patel RS, Buck CA, Horwitz AF, Hynes RO (1986) Structure of the Cysteine-rich Subunit of Integrin, the Fibronectin Receptor. Cell. 46: 271–82.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  403. Tanaka Y, Albelda SM, Horgan KJ, van Seventer GA, Shimizu Y, Newman W, Hallam J, Newman PJ, Buck CA, Shaw S (1992) CD31 Expressed on Distinctive T-cell Subsets is a Preferential Amplifier of Beta 1 Integrin-mediated Adhesion. J. Exp. Med. 176: 245–53.

    Google Scholar 

  404. Tangemann K, Bistrup A, Hemmerich S, Rosen SD (1999) Sulfation of a High Endothelial Venuleexpressed Ligand for L-selectin. Effects on Tethering and Rolling of Lymphocytes. J. Exp. Med. 190: 935–42.

    Google Scholar 

  405. Taooka Y, Chen J, Yednock T, Sheppard D (1999) The Integrin a9131 Mediates Adhesion to Activated Endothelial Cells and Transendothelial Neutrophil Migration through Interaction with Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1. J. Cell Biol. 145: 413–20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  406. Tedder TF, Steeber DA, Pizcueta P (1995) L-selectin Deficient Mice have Impaired Leukocyte Recruitment into Inflammatory Sites. J. Exp. Med. 181: 2259–64.

    Google Scholar 

  407. Teixido J, Parker CM, Kassner PD, Hemler ME (1992) Functional and Structural Analysis of VLA4 Integrin a4 Subunit Cleavage. J. Biol. Chem. 267: 1786–91.

    Google Scholar 

  408. Telen MJ (2000) Red Blood Cell Surface Adhesion Molecules: their Possible Roles in Normal Human Physiology and Disease. Semin. Hematol. 37: 130–42.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  409. Thompson RD, Noble KE, Larbi KY, Dewar A, Duncan GS, Mak TW, Nourshargh S (2001) Platelet-endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (PECAM-1)-deficient Mice Demonstrate a Transient and Cytokine-specific Role for PECAM-1 in Leukocyte Migration through the Perivascular Basement Membrane. Blood. 97: 1854–60.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  410. Thompson RD, Wakelin MW, Larbi KY, Dewar A, Asimakopoulos G, Horton MA, Nakada MT, Nourshargh S (2000) Divergent Effects of Platelet-endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 and 03 Integrin Blockade on Leukocyte Transmigration in vivo. J. Immunol. 165: 426–34.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  411. Thorlacius H, Lindbom L, Raud J (1996) Cytokine-induced Leukocyte Rolling in Mouse Cremaster Muscle Arterioles is P-selectin Dependent. Am. J. Physiol. 272: H1725–9.

    Google Scholar 

  412. Tohka S, Laukkanen M, Jalkanen S, Salmi M (2001) Vascular Adhesion Protein 1 (VAP-1) Functions as a Molecular Brake during Granulocyte Rolling and Mediates Recruitment in vivo. FASEB J 15: 373–82.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  413. Tozer EC, Liddington RC, Sutcliffe MJ, Smeeton AH, Loftus JC (1996) Ligand Binding to Integrin a bP3 is Dependent on a MIDAS-like Domain in the ß3 Subunit. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 21978–84.

    Google Scholar 

  414. Tsuboi S, Isogai Y, Hada N, King JK, Hindsgaul 0, Fukuda M (1996) 6’-Sulfo Sialyl Le’ but not 6sulfo Sialyl Le’ Expressed on the Cell Surface Supports L-selectin-mediated Adhesion. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 27213–6.

    Google Scholar 

  415. Tsuji S, Datta AK, Paulson JC (1996) Systematic Nomenclature for Sialyltransferases. Glycobiology. 6: V-VII.

    Google Scholar 

  416. Ulfman LH, Joosten DP, van der Linden JA, Lammers JW, Zwaginga JJ, Koenderman L (2001) IL-8 Induces a Transient Arrest of Rolling Eosinophils on Human Endothelial Cells. J. Immunol. 166: 588–95.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  417. Van der Vieren M, Trong HL, Wood CL, Moore PF, St John T, Staunton DE, Gallatin WM (1995) A Novel Leukointegrin, ad 32, Binds Preferentially to ICAM-3. Immunity. 3: 683–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  418. Van Kooyk Y, Van de Wiel-van Kemenade E, Weder P, Huijbens RJF, Figdor CG (1993) Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 Dominates Very Late Antigen-4 in binding of Activated T-cells to Endothelium. J. Exp. Med. 177: 185–90.

    Google Scholar 

  419. Varki A (1994) Selectin Ligands. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 91: 7390–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  420. Varon D, Jackson DE, Shenkman B, Dardik R, Tamarin I, Savion N, Newman PJ (1998) Platelet/Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Serves as a Costimulatory Agonist Receptor that Modulates Integrin-dependent Adhesion and Aggregation of Human Platelets. Blood. 91: 500–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  421. Vedder NB, Harlan JM (1988) Increased Surface Expression of CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1) is not Required for Stimulated Neutrophil Adherence to Cultured Endothelium. J. Clin. Invest. 81: 676–82.

    Google Scholar 

  422. Vestweber D (1997) The Selectins. Harwood Academic Publishers. Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  423. Vestweber D, Blanks JE (1999) Mechanisms that Regulate the Function of the Selectins and their Ligands [review]. Physiol. Rev. 79: 181–213.

    Google Scholar 

  424. Vittet D, Buchou T, Schweitzer A, Dejana E, Huber P (1997) Targeted Null-mutation in the Vascular Endothelial-cadherin Gene Impairs the Organization of Vascular-like Structures in Embryoid Bodies. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 94: 6273–8.

    Google Scholar 

  425. Von Andrian UH, Hasslen SR, Nelson RD, Erlandsen SL, Butcher EC (1995) A Central Role for Microvillous Receptor Presentation in Leukocyte Adhesion under Flow. Cell. 82: 989–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  426. Von Andrian UH, MacKay CR (2000) T-cell Function and Migration. Two Sides of the Same Coin. N. Engl. J. Med. 343: 1020–34.

    Google Scholar 

  427. Von Andrian UH (1996) Intravital Microscopy of the Peripheral Lymph Node Microcirculation in Mice. Microcirculation. 3: 287–300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  428. Von Hundelshausen P, Weber KS, Huo Y, Proudfoot AE, Nelson PJ, Ley K, Weber C (2001) RANTES Deposition by Platelets Triggers Monocyte Arrest on Inflamed and Atherosclerotic Endothelium. Circulation. 103: 1772–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  429. Waddell TK, Fialkow L, Chan CK, Kishimoto TK, Downey GP (1994) Potentiation of the Oxidative Burst of Human Neutrophils. A Signalling Role for L-selectin. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 18485–91.

    Google Scholar 

  430. Waddell TK, Fialkow L, Chan CK, Kishimoto TK, Downey GP (1995) Signalling Functions of Lselectin. Enhancement of Tyrosine Phosphorylation and Activation of MAP Kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 15403–11.

    Google Scholar 

  431. Wagers AJ, Lowe JB, Kansas GS (1996) An Important Role for the a-1,3 Fucosyltransferase, FucTVII, in Leukocyte Adhesion to E-selectin. Blood. 88: 2125–32.

    Google Scholar 

  432. Wagner N, Löhler J, Kunkel EJ, Ley K, Leung E, Krissansen G, Rajewsky K, Müller W (1996) Critical Role for 137 Integrins in Formation of the Gut-associated Lymphoid Tissue. Nature. 382: 366–70.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  433. Walcheck B, Kahn J, Fisher JM, Wang BB, Fisk RS, Payan DG, Feehan C, Betageri R, Darlak K, Spatola AF, Kishimoto TK (1996) Neutrophil Rolling Altered by Inhibition of L-selectin Shedding in vitro. Nature. 380: 720–3.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  434. Walzog B, Offermanns S, Zakrzewicz A, Gaehtgens P, Ley K (1996) 132 Integrins Mediate Protein Tyrosine Phosphorylation in Human Neutrophils. J. Leukocyte Biol. 59: 747–53.

    Google Scholar 

  435. Walzog B, Seifert R, Zakrzewicz A, Gaehtgens P, Ley K (1994) Cross-linking of CD18 in Human Neutrophils Induces an Increase of Intracellular Free Can, Exocytosis of Azurophilic Granules, Quantitative Up-regulation of CD18, Shedding of L-selectin, and Actin Polymerization. J. Leukocyte Biol. 56: 625–35.

    Google Scholar 

  436. Walzog B, Weinmann P, Jeblonski F, Scharffetter-Kochanek K, Bommert K, Gaehtgens P (1999) A Role for Beta(2) Integrins (CD11/CD18) in the Regulation of Cytokine Gene Expression of Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils during the Inflammatory Response. FASEB Journal. 13: 1855–65.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  437. Wang Q, Chiang ET, Lim M, Lai J, Rogers R, Janmey PA, Shepro D, Doerschuk C. M. (2001) Changes in the Biomechanical Properties of Neutrophils and Endothelial Cells During Adhesion. Blood. 97: 660–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  438. Warnock RA, Askari S, Butcher EC, von Andrian UH (1998) Molecular Mechanisms of Lymphocyte Homing to Peripheral Lymph Nodes. J. Exp. Med. 187: 205–16.

    Google Scholar 

  439. Watson ML, Kingsmore SF, Johnston GI, Siegelman MH, Le Beau MM, Lemons RS, Bora NS, Howard TA, Weissman IL, McEver RP (1990) Genomic Organization of the Selectin Family of Leukocyte Adhesion Molecules on Human and Mouse Chromosome 1. J. Exp. Med. 172: 263–72.

    Google Scholar 

  440. Watson SR (1997) Glycoprotein Ligands for L-selectin. In: The Selectins ( Vestweber, D., Eds.), Harwood Academic Publishers. Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  441. Watson SR, Fennie C, Lasky LA (1991) Neutrophil Influx into an Inflammatory Site Inhibited by Soluble Homing Receptor-IgG Chimaera. Nature. 349: 164–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  442. Weber C, Springer TA (1997) Neutrophil Accumulation on Activated, Surface-adherent Platelets in Flow is Mediated by Interaction of Mac-1 with Fibrinogen Bound to aiLb(33 and Stimulated by Platelet-activating Factor. J. Clin. Invest. 100: 2085–93.

    Google Scholar 

  443. Wen DX, Livingston BD, Medzihradszky KF, Kelm S, Burlingame AL, Paulson JC (1992) Primary Structure of Gal Beta 1,3(4)G1cNAc Alpha 2,3-sialyltransferase Determined by Mass Spectrometry Sequence Analysis and Molecular Cloning. Evidence for a Protein Motif in the Sialyltransferase Gene Family. J. Biol. Chem. 267: 21011–19.

    Google Scholar 

  444. Weninger W, Ulfman LH, Cheng G, Souchkova N, Quackenbush EJ, Lowe JB, von Andrian UH (2000) Specialized contributions by a(1,3)-fucosyltransferase-IV and FucT-VII During Leukocyte Rolling in Dermal Microvessels. Immunity 12: 665–76.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  445. Werr J, Eriksson EE, Hedqvist P, Lindbom L (2000) Engagement of Beta2 Integrins Induces Surface Expression of Betal Integrin Receptors in Human Neutrophils. J. Leukoc. Biol. 68: 553–60.

    Google Scholar 

  446. Weyrich AS, Elstad MR, McEver RP, McIntyre TM, Moore KL, Morrissey JH, Prescott SM, Zimmerman GA (1996) Activated Platelets Signal Chemokine Synthesis by Human Monocytes. J. Clin. Invest. 97: 1525–34.

    Google Scholar 

  447. Weyrich AS, McIntyre TM, McEver RP, Prescott SM, Zimmerman GA (1995) Monocyte Tethering by P-selectin Regulates Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-a secretion. Signal Integration and NF-kappaB Translocation. J. Clin. Invest. 95: 2297–303.

    Google Scholar 

  448. Wilkins JA, Li A, Ni H, Stupack DG, Shen C (1996) Control of 131 Integrin Function. Localization of Stimulatory Epitopes. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 3046–51.

    Google Scholar 

  449. Williams D, Schachter H (1980) Mucin Synthesis. I. Detection in Canine Submaxillary Glands of an N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase which Acts on Mucin Substrates. J. Biol. Chem. 255: 11247–52.

    Google Scholar 

  450. Williams LA, Martin-Padura I, Dejana E, Hogg N, Simmons DL (1999) Identification and Characterisation of Human Junctional Adhesion Molecule (JAM). Mol. Immunol. 36: 1175–88.

    Google Scholar 

  451. Williams MA, Solomkin JS (1999) Integrin-mediated Signalling in Human Neutrophil Functioning. J. Leukoc. Biol. 65: 725–36.

    Google Scholar 

  452. Wolkerstorfer A, Laan MP, Savelkoul HF, Neijens HJ, Mulder PG, Oudesluys-Murphy AM, Sukhai RN, Oranje AP (1998) Soluble E-selectin, Other Markers of Inflammation and Disease Severity in Children with Atopic Dermatitis. Br. J. Dermatol. 138: 431–5.

    Google Scholar 

  453. Woodman RC, Johnston B, Hickey MJ, Teoh D, Reinhardt P, Poon BY, Kubes P (1998) The Functional Paradox of CD43 in Leukocyte Recruitment: a Study Using CD43-deficient Mice. J. Exp. Med. 188: 2181–6.

    Google Scholar 

  454. Woods A, Couchman JR (2000) Integrin Modulation by Lateral Association. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 24233–6.

    Google Scholar 

  455. Xia L, Sperandio M, Yago T, McDaniel JM, Cummings RD, Pearson-White S, Ley K, McEver RP (2002) P-selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-l-deficient Mice have Impaired Leukocyte Tethering to Eselectin under Flow. J. Clin. Invest. 109: 939–50.

    Google Scholar 

  456. Xia P, Gamble JR, Rye KA, Wang LJ, Hii CST, Cockerill P, Khewgoodall Y, Bert AG, Barter PJ, Vadas MA (1998) Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Induces Adhesion Molecule Expression through the Sphingosine Kinase Pathway. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. of the United States of America. 95: 14196–201.

    Google Scholar 

  457. Xu DY, Zhao PS, Peng WP (1998) Elevated Plasma Levels of Soluble P-selectin in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction and Unstable Angina - an Inverse Link to Lipoprotein(a). Int. J. Cardiol. 64: 253–8.

    Google Scholar 

  458. Xu H, Gonzalo JA, St Pierre Y, Williams IR, Kupper TS, Cotran RS, Springer TA, Gutierrez-Ramos JC (1994) Leukocytosis and Resistance to Septic Shock in Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1-deficient Mice. J. Exp. Med. 180: 95–109.

    Google Scholar 

  459. Yan SR, Berton G (1998) Antibody-induced Engagement of 132 Integrins in Human Neutrophils Causes a Rapid Redistribution of Cytoskeletal Proteins, Src-family Tyrosine Kinases, and p72syk that Precedes de novo Actin Polymerization. J. Leukoc. Biol. 64.

    Google Scholar 

  460. Yang J, Galipeau J, Kozak CA, Furie BC, Furie B (1996) Mouse P-selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1: Molecular Cloning, Chromosomal Localization, and Expression of a Functional P-selectin Receptor. Blood. 87: 4176–86.

    Google Scholar 

  461. Yang J, Hirata T, Croce K, Merrill-Skoloff G, Tchernychev B, Williams E, Flaumenhaft R, Furie B, Furie BC (1999) Targeted Gene Disruption Demonstrates that PSGL-1 is Required for P-Selectin Mediated but not E-Selectin Mediated Neutrophil Rolling and Migration. J. Exp. Med. 190: 1769–82.

    Google Scholar 

  462. Yang YT, Rayburn H, Hynes RO (1995) Cell Adhesion Events Mediated by a4 Integrins are Essential in Placental and Cardiac Development. Development. 121: 549–60.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  463. Yefenof E (2000) Complement Receptor 3 (CR3): a Public Transducer of Innate Immunity Signals in Macrophages. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 479: 15–25.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  464. Yeh JC, Ong E, Fukuda M (1999) Molecular Cloning and Expression of a Novel 13–1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase that Forms Core 2, Core 4 and I Branches. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 3215–21.

    Google Scholar 

  465. Yoshida M, Szente BE, Kiely JM, Rosenzweig A, Gimbrone MA (1998) Phosphorylation of the Cytoplasmic Domain of E-selectin is Regulated During Leukocyte-endothelial Adhesion. J. Immunol. 161: 933–41.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  466. Yoshida M, Westlin WF, Wang N, Ingber DE, Rosenzweig A, Resnick N, Gimbrone MA Jr (1996) Leukocyte Adhesion to Vascular Endothelium Induces E-selectin Linkage to the Actin Cytoskeleton. J. Cell Biol. 133: 445–55.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  467. Zhou M, Brown EJ (1993) Leukocyte Response Integrin and Integrin-associated Protein Act as a Signal Transduction Unit in Generation of a Phagocyte Respiratory Burst. J. Exp. Med. 178: 1165–74.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  468. Zhou Y, Damsky CH, Fisher SJ (1997) Preeclampsia is Associated with Failure of Human Cytotrophoblasts to Mimic a Vascular Adhesion Phenotype. One Cause of Defective Endovascular Invasion in this Syndrome? J. Clin. Invest. 99: 2152–64.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  469. Zimmerman GA, Prescott SM, McIntyre TM (1992) Endothelial Cell Interactions with Granulocytes — Tethering and Signalling Molecules. Immunology Today. 13: 93–100.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2003 Springer-Verlag France

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ley, K., Sperandio, M. (2003). Molecular Mechanisms of Leukocyte Adhesion. In: Molecular Basis for Microcirculatory Disorders. Springer, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0761-4_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0761-4_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Paris

  • Print ISBN: 978-2-8178-0763-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-2-8178-0761-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics