Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) degrades protoheme IX into carbon monoxide (CO), ferrous iron, and biliverdin-IXα. The bile pigment is rapidly reduced to bilirubin through the action of biliverdin reductase (1–3). HO-1, the first form of the enzyme discovered, is an inducible protein, concentrated in macrophages in the reticuloendothelial system that are exposed to degrading red blood cells and stimulated by hemolysis and numerous other toxic perturbations to eliminate potentially toxic heme. This isoform is thus present in spleen, a major organ for destruction of aged red blood cells and in Kupffer cells (4, 5). By contrast, HO-2 is constitutive and known to be highly concentrated in neural tissues (6), testis (7), and hepatocytes of rodents (5) and humans (8). In addition, a third isozyme, HO-3, whose catalytic activity is relatively low, has been described recently (9).
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Suematsu, M., Goda, N., Kajimura, M. (2003). Microvascular Effects of the Heme Oxygenase-CO System. In: Molecular Basis for Microcirculatory Disorders. Springer, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0761-4_10
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0761-4_10
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