Résumé
Une diminution de la qualité du sperme a été observée des 1980, confirmée par les méta-analyses de Carlsen et de Swan, puis pondérée par la prise en compte de différents facteurs méthodologiques (standardisation des techniques, délai d’fabstinence, etc.) et environnementaux (géographie, saison, génétique, ethnie, tabac et toxiques, etc.) (1). Parallèlement, le pourcentage d’fadultes, mais aussi d’enfants, en surpoids ou obèses, croit de façon importante. Selon les données de l’ENNS, 57% des hommes et 41% des femmes étaient en surpoids ou obèses (index de masse corporelle ≥ 25 kg/m2) avec une prévalence de l’obésité (IMC ≥ 30 kg/m2) de 17% (2). Ces valeurs sont amplifiées par l’etude MONA LISA (Monitoring national du risque artériel, 2005–2007) qui retrouve 67% d’hommes de 35–74 ans en surpoids, dont 20,6% obèses (3). De fait, plus d’un homme sur deux (54%) en age de procréer (35–44 ans) apparaît en surpoids ou obèse. Quant au pourcentage d’enfants en surpoids ou obèses, il atteignait 3% en 1965, 16% en 2000 et approche actuellement 20%.
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Sermondade, N., Faure, C., Hercberg, S., Czernichow, S., Lévy, R. (2011). Nutrition et fertilité: aspects masculins. In: Physiologie, pathologie et thérapie de la reproduction chez l’humain. Springer, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0061-5_7
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