Skip to main content

The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), a unifying model for physical and rehabilitation medicine (PRM)

  • Chapter

Abstract

A unifying scientific model is of utmost importance for any professional, academic, and scientific discipline. It provides a conceptual link between disparate parts that might appear superficially to lack an intellectual relationship. Thus, it ensures communication and exchange among practitioners and scientists. To be able to rely on a common model seems to be of even more importance for a professional discipline, such as physical medicine and rehabilitation (internationally now called physical and rehabilitation medicine (PRM)), that is not defined by a disease or an organ system. Instead, PRM is concerned with limitations of functioning and disability associated with health conditions and with the complex interaction with personal factors and the environment (45). Indeed, PRM can be understood as the “medicine of functioning.”

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. American Psychological Association (2000) Procedural manual and guide for standardized application of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Field trial version [cited May 24, 2008]; available from: http:// icf.apa.org/

    Google Scholar 

  2. Bickenbach JE, Chatterji S, Badley EM, Ustun TB (1999) Models of disablement, universalism and the international classification of impairments, disabilities and handicaps. Soc Sci Med 48:1173–1187

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Brandt EN, Pope AM, Institute of Medicine (eds) (1997) Enabling America: assessing the role of rehabilitation science and engineering. National Academy Press, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  4. Chamie M (1995) What does morbidity have to do with disability? Disabil Rehabil 17:323–337

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Cieza A, Brockow T, Ewert T, et al. (2002) Linking health-status measurements to the international classification of functioning, disability and health. J Rehabil Med 34:205–210

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Cieza A, Ewert T, Ustun TB, et al. (2004) Development of ICF Core Sets for patients with chronic conditions. J Rehabil Med 44:9–11

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Cieza A, Geyh S, Chatterji S, et al. (2005) ICF linking rules: an update based on lessons learned. J Rehabil Med 37:212–218

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Cieza A, Hilfiker R, Boonen A, et al. (2009) Items from patient-oriented instruments can be integrated into interval scales to operationalize categories of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. J Clin Epidemiol 62:912–921, 921 e911–913

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Cieza A, Hilfiker R, Boonen A, et al. (2009) Towards an ICF-based clinical measure of functioning in people with ankylosing spondylitis: a methodological exploration. Disabil Rehabil 31:528–537

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Cieza A, Hilfiker R, Chatterji S, (2009) The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health could be used to measure functioning. J Clin Epidemiol 62:899–911

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Cieza A, Stucki G (2006) The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF): a basis for mulitdisciplinary clinical practice. In: Bartlett SJ, Bingham CO, Maricic MJ, et al. (eds) Clinical care in Rheumatic Disease Association of rheumatology health professionals, 3rd ed. Division of ACR, Atlanta, pp. 79–87

    Google Scholar 

  12. Cieza A, Stucki G (2008) The International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health: its development process and content validity. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 44:303–313

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Dewey J (1925) Experience and nature. Dover Publications, New York

    Google Scholar 

  14. Epping-Jordan J, Ustun B (2000) The WHODASII leveling the playing field for all disorders. WHO Bull Ment Health 6:5–6

    Google Scholar 

  15. Ewert T, Fuessl M, Cieza A, et al. (2004) Identification of the most common patient problems in patients with chronic conditions using the ICF checklist. J Rehabil Med 22–29

    Google Scholar 

  16. Geyh S, Cieza A, Kollerits B, et al. (2007) Content comparison of health-related quality of life measures used in stroke based on the international classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF): a systematic review. Qual Life Res 16:833–851

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Grill E, Ewert T, Chatterji S, et al. (2005) ICF Core Sets development for the acute hospital and early post-acute rehabilitation facilities. Disabil Rehabil 27:361–366

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Grill E, Mansmann U, Cieza A, Stucki G (2007) Assessing observer agreement when describing and classifying functioning with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. J Rehabil Med 39:71–76

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Grill E, Stucki G (2009) Scales could be developed based on simple clinical ratings of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Core Set categories. J Clin Epidemiol 62:891–898

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Grimby G, Melvin J, Stucki G (2007) The ICF: a unifying model for the conceptualization, organization and development of human functioning and rehabilitation research. Foreword. J Rehabil Med 39:277–278

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Imrie R (2004) Demystifying disability: a review of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Sociol Health Illn 26:287–305

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Jette AM (2006) Toward a common language for function, disability, and health. Phys Ther 86:726–734

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Kirchberger I, Stamm T, Cieza A, Stucki G (2007) Does the Comprehensive ICF Core Set for rheumatoid arthritis capture occupational therapy practice? A content-validity study. Can J Occup Ther 74:267–280

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Kirchberger I, Cieza A, Biering Sørenser F, et al. (2010) ICF Core Sets for individuals with spiral cord injury in the early post-acute context, Spiral Cord. 48(4):305–12

    Google Scholar 

  25. Mayo NE, Poissant L, Ahmed S, et al. (2004) Incorporating the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) into an electronic health record to create indicators of function: proof of concept using the SF-12. J Am Med Inform Assoc 11:514–522

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Nagi SZ (1965) Some conceptual issues in disability and rehabilitation. In: Sussmann MB (ed) Sociology and rehabilitation. American Sociological Association, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  27. Nagi SZ (1976) An epidemiology of disability among adults in the United States. Milbank Mem Fund Q 6:439–467

    Google Scholar 

  28. Pope AM, Tarlov AR, (eds) (1991) Disability in America: toward a national agenda for prevention. National Academies Press, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  29. Posl M, Cieza A, Stucki G (2007) Psychometric properties of the WHODASII in rehabilitation patients. Qual Life Res 16:1521–1531

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Rauch A, Cieza A, Stucki G (2008) How to apply the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) for rehabilitation management in clinical practice. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 44:329–342

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Reed GM, Lux JB, Bufka LF, et al. (2005) Operationalizing the International Classifcation of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) in clinical settings. Rehabil Psychol 50:22–31

    Google Scholar 

  32. Stamm TA, Cieza A, Machold K, et al. (2005) Exploration of the link between conceptual occupational therapy models and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Austr Occup Ther J 53:9–17

    Google Scholar 

  33. Stamm TA, Cieza A, Stucki G (2005) Exploration of the link between occupational therapy models and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: A response from colleagues in Norway. Austr Occup Ther J 53:143–144

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Steiner WA, Ryser L, Huber E, et al. (2002) Use of the ICF model as a clinical problemsolving tool in physical therapy and rehabilitation medicine. Phys Ther 82:1098–1107

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Stucki G (2005) International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF): a promising framework and classification for rehabilitation medicine. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 84:733–740

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Stucki G (2007) Developing human functioning and rehabilitation research. Part I: Academic training programs. J Rehabil Med 39:323–333

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Stucki G, Celio M (2007) Developing human functioning and rehabilitation research. Part II: Interdisciplinary university centers and national and regional collaboration networks. J Rehabil Med 39:334–342

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Stucki G, Cieza A (2004) The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Core Sets for rheumatoid arthritis: a way to specify functioning. Ann Rheum Dis 63:ii40–ii45

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Stucki G, Cieza A, Melvin J (2007) The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF): a unifying model for the conceptual description of the rehabilitation strategy. J Rehabil Med 39:279–285

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Stucki G, Ewert T (2005) How to assess the impact of arthritis on the individual patient: the WHO ICF. Ann Rheum Dis 64:664–668

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Stucki G, Ewert T, Cieza A (2002) Value and application of the ICF in rehabilitation medicine. Disabil Rehabil 24:932–938

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Stucki G, Grimby G (2004) Foreword. Applying the ICF in medicine. J Rehabil Med 44:5–6

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Stucki G, Grimby G (2007) Organizing human functioning and rehabilitation research into distinct scientific fields.Part I: Developing a comprehensive structure from the cell to society. J Rehabil Med 39:293–298

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Stucki G, Kostanjsek N, Ustun B, Cieza A (2008) ICF-based classification and measurement of functioning. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 44:315–328

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Stucki G, Melvin J (2007) The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: a unifying model for the conceptual description of physical and rehabilitation medicine. J Rehabil Med 39:286–292

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Stucki G, Reinhardt JD, Grimby G (2007) Organizing human functioning and rehabilitation research into distinct scientific fields. Part II: Conceptual descriptions and domains for research. J Rehabil Med 39:299–307

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Stucki G, Reinhardt JD, Grimby G, Melvin J (2007) Developing “Human Functioning and Rehabilitation Research” from the comprehensive perspective. J Rehabil Med 39:665–671

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Stucki G, Ustun TB, Melvin J (2005) Applying the ICF for the acute hospital and early post-acute rehabilitation facilities. Disabil Rehabil 27:349–352

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. United Nations General Assembly (2006) Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities. Resolution 61/106 [cited May 29, 2008]; available from: www.un.org/esa/ socdev/enable/conventioninfo.htm

    Google Scholar 

  50. Ustun B, Chatterji S, Kostanjsek N (2004) Comments from WHO for the Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine Special Supplement on ICF Core Sets. J Rehabil Med 7–8

    Google Scholar 

  51. WHA (2005) Disability, including prevention, management and rehabilitation. Report No. WHA 58.23. World Health Assembly, Geneva

    Google Scholar 

  52. WHO (1992) International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems. 10th revision. World Health Organization, Geneva

    Google Scholar 

  53. WHO (2001) International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). WHO Publishing, Geneva

    Google Scholar 

  54. WHO (2001) World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II (WHODAS II) [cited May 24, 2008]; available from: http://www.who.int/icidh/whodas/index.html

    Google Scholar 

  55. WHO (2003) ICF Checklist. Version 2.1a, Clinician Form for International Classification, of Functioning, Disability and Health [cited May 24, 2008]; available from: http://www.who.int/classifications/icf/training/icfchecklist.pdf

    Google Scholar 

  56. Zola IK (1989) Toward the necessary universalizing of a disability policy. Milbank Q 67:401–428

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer-Verlag France, Paris

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Stucki, G., Rauch, A. (2010). The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), a unifying model for physical and rehabilitation medicine (PRM). In: Rethinking physical and rehabilitation medicine. Collection de L’Académie Européenne de Médecine de Réadaptation. Springer, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0034-9_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0034-9_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Paris

  • Print ISBN: 978-2-8178-0033-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-2-8178-0034-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics