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L’insuffisance rénale aiguë pp 279–306Cite as

Protection rénale pharmacologique

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Part of the book series: Le point sur … ((POINT))

Abstrait

Il existe de très nombreuses définitions de l’insuffisance rénale aiguë (IRA) dans la littérature (1). Parmi celles-ci, on retiendra celle qui divise l’IRA en trois catégories. L’IRA « pré-rénale » est la conséquence d’une diminution de la perfusion rénale qui va être responsable d’une réduction du débit de filtration glomérulaire (DFG), l’IRA « post-rénale » est liée à une obstruction des voies urinaires dont la cause est intrinsèque ou extrinsèque et l’IRA « rénale » qui affecte les structures du greffon: les glomérules, les tubules, l’interstitium et les vaisseaux. L’IRA est une affection grave avec un taux de mortalité qui reste élevé, autour de 50 à 70 % variant selon la cause et les comorbidités associées, sans amélioration notable au cours des dernières années. Actuellement, si la dialyse a transformé le pronostic de ces patients, la mortalité reste élevée notamment lorsque l’IRA s’incrit dans un tableau de défaillances multiviscérales. Aussi, de nombreux traitements pharmacologiques ont été développés, s’appuyant sur les mécanismes physiopathologiques pour le traitement ou la prévention de l’IRA. Ainsi, de façon schématique, il existe cinq grands mécanismes sur lesquels une intervention thérapeutique préventive est théoriquement possible: la réduction du débit sanguin rénal, le déséquilibre de synthèse entre molécules vasodilatatrices et molécules vasoconstrictrices, l’obstacle à l’écoulement du flux tubulaire, l’inflammation et la reperfusion.

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  1. Service d’anesthésie-réanimation, Hôpital Bicêtre, 78, avenue du Général-Leclerc, 94275, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre

    Gaëlle Cheisson

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  1. Département d’anesthésie-réanimation, Hôpital Saint-louis, 1, avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010, Paris

    Laurent Jacob

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Cheisson, G. (2007). Protection rénale pharmacologique. In: Jacob, L. (eds) L’insuffisance rénale aiguë. Le point sur …. Springer, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-287-71152-7_16

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