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Rôles nutritionnels de la flore intestinale

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Traité de nutrition artificielle de l’adulte

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Abstrait

La flore intestinale humaine, autrement appelée microflore ou microbiote, est un consortium bactérien complexe dont le rôle dans la santé est crucial. Alors que le nombre de cellules eucaryotes dans notre organisme est de 1013, le nombre de cellules bactériennes et fongiques —dont la majorité est présente au niveau colique—est estimé à 1014; on estime qu’environ 500 espèces coexistent dans cet habitat, mais une analyse réalisée à partir du séquençage de ľADN ribosomal 16S présent dans les selles ďun sujet a révélé qu’il n’existerait en fait que moins de 150 unités taxonomiques opérationnelles (définies comme différant de plus de 2% dans la séquence ďADNr-16S) (1, 2). On estime de plus qu’environ 40 espèces représentent 99% de toutes les bactéries isolées, avec une prédominance des anaérobies par rapport aux aérobies (rapport de 10 à 1 000 sur 1) et parmi les anaérobies une prédominance des Bacteroides (Gram négatif) et Clostridium (Gram positif) (3, 4).

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Schneider, S. (2007). Rôles nutritionnels de la flore intestinale. In: Traité de nutrition artificielle de l’adulte. Springer, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-287-33475-7_27

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-287-33475-7_27

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Paris

  • Print ISBN: 978-2-287-33474-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-2-287-33475-7

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