Toward the Wave or Polar Front Theory of Cyclones

Abstract

The wave or polar front theory of cyclones was a most significant and far-reaching contribution toward describing, on the basis of sound dynamic and energetic reasoning, the observed three-dimensional structure of the cyclone, its evolution in time, and its role in the general circulation of the atmosphere. Developed under the leadership of V. Bjerknes, it represents an outstanding example of synthesis in meteorological theory, introducing novel ideas and, at the same time, incorporating and substantiating many of the results of Nineteenth Century and early Twentieth Century cyclone theory discussed in previous chapters. The element of continuity in the development of cyclone theory, however, has received little attention, or has been dismissed as negligible. In the following, therefore, emphasis is placed on discussion of the links rather than the contrasts between the polar front theory of cyclones and earlier investigations of storms.¹