Abstract
The detection of hail by single and multi-wavelength radar reflectivity and depolarization measurements is reviewed. There are problems of interpretation involved in the detection of hail by the Eccles-Atlas dual-wavelength (10 cm and 3 cm) method because of the possible effects of range variations of mean hail diameter and water coat thickness on hail. An investigation of the feasibility of using 10 cm and 5 cm wavelengths for the detection of hail, and of deducing reflectivities and attenuations by dual radar measurements at attenuating wavelengths is recommended. Methods of hail detection by measurement of circular depolarization ratio suffer from the effects of propagation through the anisotropic medium constituted by precipitation particles.
This work was performed as part of the National Hail Research Experiment, managed by the National Center for Atmospheric Research and sponsored by the Weather Modification Program, Research Applications Directorate, National Science Foundation under Subcontract NCAR 187-71.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Atlas, D., 1964: Advances in radar meteorology. Advances in Geophysics, Vol. 10, Academic Press, 317–478.
Atlas, D., M. Kerker, and W. Hitschfeld, 1953: Scattering and attenuation by non-spherical atmospheric particles. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 3, 108–119.
Atlas, D., and C. W. Ulbrich, 1974: The physical basis for attenuation-rainfall relationships and the measurement of rainfall parameters by combined attenuation and radar methods. J. Rech. Atmos., 8, 275–298.
Barge, B. L., 1972: Hail detection with a polarization diversity radar. Sci. Rep. MW-71, Stormy Weather Group, McGill University, 80 pp.
Battan, L. J., S. R. Browning and B. M. Herman, 1970: Tables of the radar cross-sections of dry and wet ice spheres. Tech. Rep. 21, Inst. Atmos. Phy., University of Arizona, 11 pp.
Carbone, R. E., D. Atlas, P. Eccles, R. Fetter and E. Mueller, 1973: Dual wavelength radar hail detection. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 54, 921–924.
Donaldson, R. J., Jr., 1961: Radar reflectivity profile in thunderstorms. J. Meteor., 18, 292–305.
Eccles, P. J., 1973: Dual-wavelength observations of a hailstorm. Preprints 8th Conf. Severe Local Storms, Denver, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 52–56.
Eccles, P. J., and D. Atlas, 1973: A dual-wavelength radar hail detector. J. Appl. Meteor., 12, 847–854.
Gershenzon, Yu. M., and A. B. Shupiatskii, 1961: Scattering of elliptically polarized radio waves by non-spherical atmospheric particles. Ts. Aero. Obser. Tr. No. 36, 102–108.
Hitschfeld, W., and J. Bordan. 1954: Errors inherent in the radar measurement of rainfall at attenuating wavelengths. J. Meteor., 11, 58–67.
Humphries, R. G., 1974: Depolarization effects at 3 GHz due to precipitation. Sci. Rep. MW-82, Stormy Weather Group, McGill University, 81 pp.
Jameson, A. R., 1975: Dual-wavelength Doppler radar observation of a hailstorm at vertical incidence. Preprints 16th Radar Meteorology Conf, Houston, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 43–48.
Jameson, A. R., and R. C. Srivastava, 1975: Vertical incidence radar observation of hail—implications for dual-wavelength hail detection. Tech. Rep. No. 36, Laboratory for Atmospheric Probing, University of Chicago, 39 pp.
Pruppacher, H. R., and R. L. Pitter, 1971: A semi-empirical determination of the shape of cloud and raindrops. J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 86–94.
Sulakvelidze, G. K., N. Sh. Bibilashvili and V. F. Lapcheva, 1965: Formation of precipitation and modification of hail processes. [Israel Program for Scientific Translations, 208 pp.]
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1977 American Meteorological Society
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Srivastava, R.C., Jameson, A.R. (1977). Radar Detection of Hail. In: Foote, G.B., Knight, C.A. (eds) Hail: A Review of Hail Science and Hail Suppression. Meteorological Monographs, vol 16. American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-935704-30-0_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-935704-30-0_15
Publisher Name: American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA
Online ISBN: 978-1-935704-30-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive