Skip to main content
  • 108 Accesses

Abstract

Numerous observational studies of the Northern Hemisphere circulation have discussed the regional characteristics of transient eddies (paegle and Paegle, 1975, 1976; Blackmon et al., 1976; Blackmon et al., 1977, 1979; Lau, 1979; Lau and Wallace, 1979; Wallace and Gutzler, 1981; Blackmon and White, 1982; Blackmon et al., 1983a and b) Atmospheric fluctuations are separated in these studies in short, intermediate and long scales. The studies of Blackmon, Lau, Wallace and collaborators have identified perturbations in the height field in the eastern oceans that have a highly barotropic structure with strong vertical coherence, while those in the interior of continents are characterized by a more baroclinic structure. They also found that transients with periods between 2.5 and 6 days have some of the characteristics associated with baroclinic eddies while fluctuations on longer time scales appear to be more barotropic. The latter have been interpreted by some of the above cited authors in terms of two-dimensional Rossby wave propagation. These and other works (from Rossby, 1939, on) have shown the relevance of barotropic processes to interpret some of the observed features of large scale circulations

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 49.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Blackmon, M.L., 1976: A climatological spectral study of the 500 mb geopotential height of the Northern Hemisphere. J.Atmos. Sci. 33 1607–1623.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blackmon, J.M. Wallace, N.-C. Lau and S.L. Mullen, 1977: An obserVational study of the Northern Hemisphere wintertime circulation. J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 1040–1053.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blackmon, R.A. Madden, J.M. Wallace and D.S. Gutzler, 1979: Geographical variations in the vertical structure of geopotential height fluctuations. J.Atmos. Sci. 36, 2450–2466.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blackmon, M.L. and G.H. White, 1982: Zonal wavenumber characteristics of Northern Hemisphere transient eddies. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 1985–1998.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blackmon, M.L., Y.-H. Lee and J.M. Wallace, 198,3a: Horizontal structure of 500 mb height fluctuations with long, medium and short periods. Submitted to J. Atmos. Sci.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blackmon, M.L., Y.-H. Lee and H.-H. Hsu, 1983b: Time evolution of 500 mb height fluctuations with long, medium and short periods. Submitted to J. Atmos. Sci.

    Google Scholar 

  • Charney, J. and J.G. De Vore, 1979: Multiple flow equilibria in the atmosphere and blocking. J. Atmos Sci. 36, 1205–1216.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dikii, L.A., 1965: The terrestrial atmosphere as an oscillating system. Izv. Atmos. Ocean Phys. 1, 275–286.

    Google Scholar 

  • Egger, J. and H.-D. Schilling, 1983: On the theory of the long term variability of the atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci. 40, 1073–1085.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frederiksen, J.S., 1979: The effects of long planetary waves on the regions of cyclogenesis: Linear theory. J. Atmos. Sei.,36,195–204.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grose, W.L. and B.J. Hoskins, 1979: On the influence of orography on large scale atmospheric flow. J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 223 – Q34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kasahara, A., 1976: Normal modes of ultralong waves in the atmosphere. Mon. Wea. Rev., 104, 669–690.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kasahara, A. 1980: Effect of zonal flows on the free oscillations of a barotropic atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci. 37, 917–929.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kasahara, A., 1984: The linear response of a stratified global atmoshere to tropical forcing. Submitted to J. Atmos. Sci.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lau, N.-C., 1979: The observed structure of tropospheric stationary waves and local balances of vorticity and heat. J. Atmos. Sci. 36, 996–1016.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lau, N.-C., 1981: A diagnostic study of recurrent meteorological anomalies appearing in a 15-year simulation with a GFDL general circulation model. Mon. Wea. Rev. 109, 2287–2311.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lau, and J.M. Wallace, 1979: On the distribution of horizontal transports by transient eddies in the Northern Hemisphere wintertime circulation. J. Atmos. Sci. 36, 1844–3861.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lau, K.-M., and H. Lim, 1982: Thermally driven motions in an equatorial-plane: Hadley and Walker circulations during the winter monsoon. Mon. Wea. Rev. 110, 336–353

    Google Scholar 

  • Lim, H., and C.P. Chang, 1981: A theory for midlatitude forcing of tropical motions during winter monsoons. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 2377–2392.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lim, H., and C.P. Chang, 1983: Dynamics of teleconnections and Walker circulations forced by equatorial heating. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 1897–1915.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longuet-Higgins, M.S., 1968: The eigenfunctions of Laplace’s tidal equations over a sphere. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, A262 511–607.

    Google Scholar 

  • Madden, R.A., 1979: Observations of large-scale traveling Rossby waves. J. Geophys. Res. 17, 1935–4949.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paegle, J.N. and J. Paegle, 1975: On the observed characteristics of quasi-geostrophic turbulence. Mon. Wea. Rev., 103, 1055–1062.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paegle, J.N. and J. Paegle, 1976: ON the frequency spectra of atmo-spheric motions in the vicinity of a mountain barrier. J. Atmos. Sci. 33, 499–306.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paegle, J., 1978: The transient mass-flow adjustment of heated atmospheric circulations. J. Atmos. Sci. 35, 1678–1688.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paegle, J.N., 1979: The effect of topography on a Rossby wave. J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 2267–2271.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paegle, J., J.N. Paegle and H. Yan, 1983: The role of barotropic oscillations within atmospheres of highly variable refractive index. J. Atmos. Sci. 40, 2251–2265.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paegle, J. and W.E. Baker, 1982: Planetary-scale characteristics of the atmospheric circulation during January and February 1979 J. Atmos. Sci. 39, 2521–2538.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paegle, J., J.N. Paegle and F.P. Lewis, 1984: Large scale motions of the tropics in observation and theory. Submitted to Pure and Applied Geophysics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, N., 1954: Energy transformations and meridional circulations associated with simple baroclinic waves in a two-level quasigeostrophic model. Tellus 6, 273–286.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinhold, B.B. and R.T. Pierrehumbert, 1982: Dynamics of weather regimes: quasi-stationary waves and blocking. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 1105–4145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rossby, C.-G., et al., 1939: Relations between variations in the intensity of the zonal circulation of the atmosphere and the displacements of the semi-permanent centers of action. J. Mar. Res., 2, 38–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silva Dias, P.L., W.H. Schubert, and M. DeMaria, 1983: Largescale response of the tropical atmosphere to transient convection. J. Atmos. Sci. 40, 2689–2707.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simmons, A.J., 1982: The forcing of stationary wave motion by tropical diabatic heating. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. 108, 503–534.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simmons, A.J., J.M. Wallace and G.W. Branstator, 1983: Barotropic wave propagation and instability, and atmospheric teleconnection patterns. J. Atmos. Sci. 40, 1363–4392.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tung, K.K. and R.S. Lindzen, 1979a: A theory of stationary long waves. Part I: A simple theory of blocking. Mon. Wea. Rev. 107, 714–734.

    Google Scholar 

  • K.K. and R.S.Lindzen 1979b: A theory of stationary long waves. Part II: Resonant Rossby waves in the presence of realistic vertical shears. Mon. Wea. Rev. 107, 735–750.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallace, J.M. and D.S. Gutzler, 1981: Teleconnections in the geopoten-tial height field during the Northern Hemisphere winter. Mon. Wea. Rev. 109, 785–812.

    Google Scholar 

  • Webster, P. and J. Holton, 1982: Cross-equatorial response to middle latitude forcing in a zonally varying basic state. J. Atmos. Sci. 39, 722–733.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1986 Science Press and American Meteorological Society

About this paper

Cite this paper

Paegle, J.N., Zhen, Z., Yan, H., Paegle, J. (1986). Sources of Flow Variability in Barotropic Primitive Equation Models. In: Xu, Y. (eds) Proceedings of International Symposium on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and Mountain Meteorology. American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-935704-19-5_38

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-935704-19-5_38

  • Publisher Name: American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-935704-19-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics