Abstract
Decays of metastable particles, evaporation of primordial black holes (PBHs), and the fragmentation of cosmic strings into small loops (Smith and Vilenkin 1987) with subsequent decay of such loops to high-energy particles are sources of hadronic, electromagnetic and neutrino cascades of particles with energies much higher than the average thermal energy of the equilibrium particle in the RD stage.
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© 2012 Cambridge International Science Publishing
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Khlopov, M. (2012). Non-Equilibrium Effects as a Test of New Physics. In: Fundamentals of Cosmic Particle Physics. Cambridge International Science Publishing, Cambridge. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-907343-72-8_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-907343-72-8_7
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Publisher Name: Cambridge International Science Publishing, Cambridge
Print ISBN: 978-1-907343-48-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-907343-72-8
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