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Three-Dimensional Echocardiographic Evaluation of the Mitral Valve

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Textbook of Real-Time Three Dimensional Echocardiography

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Abstract

The mitral valve apparatus is a complex structure that can be affected by a multitude of acquired and congenital disorders. An optimal interaction of the different anatomic elements comprising the annulus, the leaflets, the chordae tendinae, the papillary muscles and the left atrial and left ventricular walls is necessary for its functional integrity. The interpretation of two-dimensional echocardiographic (2DE) images requires a complex mental integration of multiple image planes for a true understanding of anatomic and pathologic structures. One of the most significant developments of the last decade, particularly in the field of cardiac imaging, has been three dimensional echocardiography (3DE). The display of cardiac anatomy in three dimensions from any perspective has clear advantages over conventional 2D imaging and provides an insight into the functional and anatomic properties of cardiac structures. The benefits of 3DE are particularly well suited to the study of the mitral valve apparatus given its complex morphology and the importance of delineating its anatomy precisely in various pathological states. Comparing with 2DE, 3DE offers advantages for the morphologic and quantitative assessment of mitral valve stenosis, prolapse and regurgitation. The 3DE data sets can be acquired with the transthoracic or transesophageal approach. The development of a fully sampled matrix array transducer has enabled easy and fast acquisition of real-time 3DE volumetric imaging of the mitral valve from the transthoracic approach. It has sparked an emerging interest in using this methodology in clinical practice.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unidad de Imagen Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain

    José Luis Zamorano

Authors
  1. José Luis Zamorano
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  2. Jose Alberto de Agustín
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Correspondence to José Luis Zamorano .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Santa Maria della Misericordia, Istituto di Cardiologia, Azienda Ospedaliera, P.le S. Maria della Misericordia 15, Udine, 33100, Italy

    Luigi Badano

  2. Dept. Medicine, Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging Laboratory, University of Chicago, S. Maryland Ave. 5841, Chicago, 60637, Illinois, USA

    Roberto M. Lang

  3. Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, C/Professor Martin Lagos s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain

    Jose Luis Zamorano

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Zamorano, J.L., de Agustín, J.A. (2010). Three-Dimensional Echocardiographic Evaluation of the Mitral Valve. In: Badano, L., Lang, R., Zamorano, J. (eds) Textbook of Real-Time Three Dimensional Echocardiography. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-495-1_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-495-1_6

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-84996-494-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-84996-495-1

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