Abstract
This chapter presents spectral analysis of offshore structures under wave and earthquake actions. It contains six sections. The first section explains problem description and gives some general information. In the second section, formulation of dynamic analysis of offshore structures in the frequency domain, transfer functions of wave, and earthquake forces are presented. The third section presents response transfer functions of wave and earthquake forces individually. Then, having presented hydrodynamic and inertia forces produced by earthquakes, response transfer functions of their combined effect are formulated. The fourth section explains calculation of response spectra of offshore structures under stochastic wave and earthquake forces. Then, the stochastic ground motion under earthquakes and its spectral representation are presented. It follows the calculation of transfer functions and response spectra of offshore structures under nonuniform earthquake ground motions. In section five, calculation of response statistical quantities is presented and. In section six, numerical demonstration of an example offshore structure is given.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Biggs JM (1964) Introduction to structural dynamics. McGraw-Hill, New York
Bishop RED, Gladwell GML, Michaelson S (1965) The matrix analysis of vibration. Cambridge University Press, London
Meirovitch L (1967) Analytical methods in vibrations. Collier-McMillan, London
Clough RW, Penzien J (1993) Dynamics of structures, 2nd edn. McGraw-Hill, New York
Chopra AK (2001) Dynamics of structures: theory and applications to earthquake engineering. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River
Cheng FY (2001) Matrix analysis of structural dynamics: applications and earthquake engineering. Dekker, New-York
Humar JL (2002) Dynamics of structures, 2nd edn. Swets & Zeitlinger, Lisse
Wunderlich W, Pilkey WD (2003) Mechanics of structures: variational and computational methods. CRC, Boca Raton
Paz M, Leigh W (2004) Structural dynamics: theory and computation, 5th edn. Kluwer, Dordrecht
Craig RR, Kurdila AJ (2006) Fundamentals of structural dynamics. Wiley, Hoboken
Brebbia CA, Walker S (1979) Dynamic analysis of offshore structures. Butterworths, London
Barltrop NDP, Adams AJ (1991) Dynamics of fixed marine structures, 3rd edn. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford
Han SM, Benaroya H (2002) Nonlinear and stochastic dynamics of compliant offshore structures. Kluwer, Dordrecht
Wilson JF (2003) Dynamics of offshore structures. Wiley, New-York
Soares D, Mansur WJ (2003) An efficient time/frequency domain algorithm for modal analysis of non-linear models discretized by the FEM. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 192:3731–3745
Shinozuka M, Yun C, Vaicaitis R (1977) Dynamic analysis of fixed offshore structures subjected to wind generated waves. Mech Based Des Struct Mach 5(2):135–146
Penzien J, Kaul MK, Berge B (1972) Stochastic response of offshore towers to random sea waves and strong motion earthquakes. Comput Struct 2:733–756
Kirk CL (1985) Dynamic response of marine risers by single wave and spectral analysis methods. Appl Ocean Res 7(1):2–13
Ahmad S, Datta TK (1989) Dynamic response of marine risers. Eng Struct 11:179–188
Hartnett M (2000) The application of a spectral response model to fixed offshore structures. Comput Struct 78:355–364
Bolt BA (1999) Earthquakes, 4th edn. Freeman, New-York
Manolis GD, Koliopoulos PK (2001) Stochastic structural dynamics in earthquake engineering. WIT Press, Southampton
Chen WF, Scawthorn C (2003) Earthquake engineering handbook. CRC, Boca Raton
Bolt BA (2003) Earthquakes. W.H. Freeman, New York
Bozorgnia Y, Bertero VV (2004) Earthquake engineering—from engineering seismology to performance-based engineering. CRC, Boca Raton
Chen WF, Lui EM (2006) Earthquake engineering for structural design. CRC, Boca Raton
Sen TK (2009) Fundamentals of seismic loading on structures. Wiley, Chichester
Chen WF, Lui EM (2006) Earthquake engineering for structural design. CRC, Boca Raton
Trifunac D, Brady AG (1975) A study on the duration of strong earthquake ground motion. Bull Seismol Soc Am 65(3):581–626
Zerva A (2009) Spatial variation of seismic ground motions-modeling and engineering applications. CRC, Boca Raton
Laouami N, Labbe P (2001) Analytical approach for evaluation of the seismic ground motion coherency function. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 21:727–733
Nadim F, Vanmarcke EH, Gudmestad OT, Hetland S (1991) Influence of spatial variation of earthquake motion on response of gravity base platforms. Struct Saf 10:113–128
Harichandran RS, Vanmarcke EH (1986) Stochastic variation of earthquake ground motion in space and time. J Eng Mech ASCE 112(2):154–174
Ryu CS, Yun CB (1997) Non-stationary response analysis of offshore guyed tower subjected to earthquake loading. Eng Struct 19(1):63–70
Gao W (2007) Random seismic response analysis of truss structures with uncertain parameters. Eng Struct 29:1487–1498
Takewaki I (2004) Critical envelope functions for non-stationary random earthquake input. Comput Struct 82(20–21):1671–1683
Shinozuka M, Deodatis G (1988) Stochastic process models for earthquake ground motion. Probab Eng Mech 3(3):114–123
Karadeniz H (1999) Spectral analysis of offshore structures under combined wave and earthquake loadings. Proceedings of the 9th Internataional Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, ISOPE, vol 4. pp 504–511
Richter CF (1935) An instrumental earthquake scale. Bull Seism Soc Am 25:1–32
Hwang H, Huo JR (1997) Attenuation relations of ground motion for rock and soil sites in eastern United States. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 16:363–372
Campbell KW (1981) Near-source attenuation of peak horizontal acceleration. Bull Seism Soc Am 71(6):2039–2070
Campbell KW, Bozorgnia Y (2003) Updated near-source ground motion (attenuation) relations for the horizontal and vertical components of peak ground acceleration and acceleration response spectra. Bull Seism Soc Am 93(1):314–331
Campbell KW, Bozorgnia Y (2006) Campbell-Bozorgnia next generation attenuation (NGA) relations for PGA, PGV and Spectral acceleration: A progress report. Proceedings of the 8th US National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Paper No.906
Oliveira CS, Hao H, Penzien J (1991) Ground motion modeling for multiple input structural analysis. Struct Saf 10:79–93
Der Kiureghian A, Neuenhofer A (1992) Response spectrum method for multi-support seismic excitations. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 21:713–740
Heredia-Zavoni E, Vanmarcke EH (1994) Seismic random-vibration analysis of multi-support-structural systems. J Eng Mech 120:1107–1128
Bai FL, Hao H, Li HN (2010) Seismic response of a steel trussed arch structure to spatially varying earthquake ground motions including site effect. Adv Struct Eng 13(6):1089–1103
Chun-guang L, Hui-jun L (2010) A novel method to calculate the dynamic reliability of space structures subjected to multi-dimensional multi-support excitations. Int J Space Struct 25(1):25–34
Zhang YH, Li QS, Lin JH, Williams FW (2009) Random vibration analysis of long-span structures subjected to spatially varying ground motions. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 29:620–629
Rambabu KV, Allam MM (2007) Response of an open-plane frame to multiple support horizontal seismic excitations with soil–structure interaction. J Sound Vib 299:388–396
Boissieres HP, Vanmarcke EH (1995) Spatial correlation of earthquake ground motion: non-parametric estimation. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 14:23–31
Goda K, Hong HP (2008) Spatial correlation of peak ground motions and response spectra. Bull Seism Soc Am 98(1):354–365
Luco JE, Wong HL (1986) Response of a rigid foundation to a spatially random ground motion. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 14:891–908
Harichandran RS (1991) Estimating the special variation of earthquake ground motion from dense array recordings. Struct Saf 10:219–233
Zerva A (1994) On the spatial variation of seismic ground motions and its effects on lifelines. Eng Struct 16(7):534–546
Zerva A (2002) Spatial variation of seismic ground motions: an overview. Appl Mech Rev 55(3):271–297
Zembaty Z, Rutenberg A (2002) Spatial response spectra and site amplification effects. Eng Struct 24:1485–1496
Cacciola P, Deodatis G (2011) A method for generating fully non-stationary and spectrum-compatible ground motion vector processes. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 31:351–360
Hong HP, Zhang Y, Goda K (2009) Effect of spatial correlation on estimated ground-motion prediction equations. Bull Seism Soc Am 99(2A):928–934
Price TE, Eberhard MO (1998) Effects of spatially varying ground motions on short bridges. J Struct Eng 124(8):948–955
Dumanoglu AA, Soyluk K (2003) A stochastic analysis of long span structures subjected to spatially varying ground motions including the site-response effect. Eng Struct 25:1301–1310
Bayraktar A, Bilici Y, Akkose M (2010) The effect of the spatially varying earthquake ground motion on random hydrodynamic pressures. Adv Struct Eng 13(6):1153–1165
Sun J, Ye J, Cheng W, Zhang Q (2007) Application of the pseudo-excitation method with spatial coherence in random vibration analysis of long-span space structures. Adv Struct Eng 10:135–151
Vanmarcke E (1983) Random fields: analysis and synthesis. MIT Press, Cambridge
Yeh CH, Wen YK (1990) Modeling of non-stationary ground motion and analysis of inelastic structural response. Struct Saf 8:281–298
Priestley MB (1965) Evolutionary spectra and non-stationary processes. J Royal Stat Soc Ser B (Methodol) 27(2):204–237
Priestley MB (1967) Power spectral analysis of non-stationary random processes. J. Sound Vib 6(I):86–97
Hammond JK (1968) On the response of single and multidegree of freedom systems to non-stationary random excitations. J Sound Vib 7(3):393–416
Zhixin X (1988) On the stochastic modeling of earthquake strong ground motion. Nucl Eng Des 110:171–175
Langley RS (1986) Structural response to non-stationary non-white stochastic ground motions. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 14:909–924
Der Kiureghian A, Crempien J (1989) An evolutionary model for earthquake ground motion. Struct Saf 6(1989):235–246
Iwan WD, Hou ZK (1989) Explicit solution for the response of simple systems subjected to non-stationary random excitation. Struct Saf 6:77–86
Quek ST, Teo YP, Balendra T (1990) Non-stationary structural response with evaluationary spectra using seismological input model. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 19:275–288
Lin J, Zhang W, Williams FW (1994) Pseudo-excitation algorithm for non-stationary random seismic responses. Eng Struct 16(4):270–276
Deodatis G (1996) Non-stationary stochastic vector processes: seismic ground motion applications. Probab Eng Mech 11:149–168
Conte JP, Peng BF (1997) Fully non-stationary analytical earthquake ground-motion model. J Eng Mech 123(1):15–24
Fang T, Sun M (1997) A unified approach to two types of evolutionary random response problems in engineering. Arch Appl Mech 67:496–506
Deodatis J, Shinozuka M (1988) Auto-regressive model for non-stationary stochastic processes. J Eng Mech 114(11):1995–2012
Zembaty Z (1988) A note on non-stationary stochastic response and strong motion duration. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 16:1189–1200
Gupta ID, Trifunac MD (2000) A note on the nonstationarity of seismic response of structures. Eng Struct 22(11):1567–1577
Rofooei FR, Mobarake A, Ahmadi G (2001) Generation of artificial earthquake records with a non-stationary Kanai–Tajimi model. Eng Struct 23:827–837
Takewaki I (2001) Non-stationary random critical excitation for nonproportionally damped structural systems. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 190(31):3927–3943
Gao W, Chen JJ, Ma J, Liang ZT (2004) Dynamic response analysis of stochastic frame structures under non-stationary random excitation. AIAA 42(9):1818–1822
Xue SD, Wang S, Cao Z (2004) Multi-dimensional pseudo excitation method for non-stationary random seismic analysis of spatial lattice shells. Int J Space Struct 19(3):129–136
Pousse G, Bonilla LF, Cotton F, Margerin L (2006) Non-stationary stochastic simulation of strong ground motion time histories including natural variability: application to the K-net Japanese Database. Bull Seism Soc Am 96(6):2103–2117
Chaudhuri A, Chakraborty S (2006) Reliability of linear structures with parameter uncertainty under non-stationary earthquake. Struct Saf 28:231–246
Rezaeian S, Der Kiureghian A (2008) A stochastic ground motion model with separable temporal and spectral nonstationarities. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 37:1565–1584
Bougioukou AP, Leros AP, Papakonstantinou V (2008) Modeling of non-stationary ground motion using the mean reverting stochastic process. Appl Math Modell 32:1912–1932
Cacciola P (2010) A stochastic approach for generating spectrum compatible fully non-stationary earthquakes. Comput Struct 88:889–901
Jangid RS (2004) Response of SDOF system to non-stationary earthquake excitation. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 33:1417–1428
Senthilnathan A, Lutes LD (1991) Non-stationary maximum response statistics for linear structures. J Eng Mech ASCE 117(2):294–311
Michaelov G, Sarkani S, Lutes LD (1999) Spectral characteristics of non-stationary random processes—a critical review. Struct Saf 21:223–244
Michaelov G, Sarkani S, Lutes LD (1999) Spectral characteristics of non-stationary random processes - response of a simple oscillator. Struct Saf 21:245–267
Sarkani S, Lutes LD, Michaelov G (2000) Extreme response of linear structures to non-stationary base excitation. Paper No.1293, Proceedings of the 12th WCEE, Auckland, New Zealand
Naprstek J, Fischer C (2000) Analysis of non-stationary response of structures due to seismic random processes of evolutionary type. Paper No.1110, Proceedings of the 12th. WCEE, Auckland, New Zealand
Fuentes M (2002) Spectral methods for non-stationary spatial processes. Biometrika 98(1):197–210
Barbato M, Conte JP (2008) Spectral characteristics of non-stationary random processes: theory and applications to linear structural models. Probab Eng Mech 23:416–426
He J (2009) An approximation of the first passage probability of systems under non-stationary random excitation. Appl Math Mech Engl Ed 30(2):255–262
Karadeniz H (2009) SAPOS, Spectral analysis program of structures. Report, Structural Mechanics Division, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciene, TUDelft, Delft, The Netherlands
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag London
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Karadeniz, H., Saka, M.P., Togan, V. (2013). Spectral Analysis of Offshore Structures Under Wave and Earthquake Loadings. In: Stochastic Analysis of Offshore Steel Structures. Springer Series in Reliability Engineering. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-190-5_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-190-5_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-84996-189-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-84996-190-5
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)