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Congenital Heart Disease

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Heart Failure in Clinical Practice

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Abstract

The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) and European Society of Cardiology (ESC) define heart failure as a syndrome characterized by symptoms of exercise intolerance in the presence of abnormal cardiac structure and/or function. Heart failure is the ultimate expression of the sequelae and complications of adult congenital heart disease (ACHD), even after previous “successful” repair. Surgical or interventional repair may, in fact, appear to restore normal cardiac anatomy, but subtle abnormalities often persist and may have long-term implications.

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  1. Centre for Adult Congenital Heart Disease and Echocardiography Departmnent, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK

    Wei Li

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  1. Konstantinos Dimopoulos
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  2. Georgios Giannakoulas
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  3. Wei Li
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  4. Michael A. Gatzoulis
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Correspondence to Wei Li .

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  1. Thorney Crescent 27, Battersea, London, SW11 3TT, United Kingdom

    Michael Y. Henein

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Dimopoulos, K., Giannakoulas, G., Li, W., Gatzoulis, M.A. (2010). Congenital Heart Disease. In: Henein, M. (eds) Heart Failure in Clinical Practice. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-153-0_4

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