Angina pectoris (angina for short) refers to tightness and suffocating pain in the chest and dyspnea. In mild cases, there may be only chest tightness with dyspnea. In severe cases, chest pain penetrates to the back, back pain penetrates to the chest, and the dyspnea is accompanied by orthopnea (inability to breathe except in an upright position).
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© 2009 Springer-Verlag London Limited
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Liu, Z. (2009). Angina Pectoris. In: Liu, Z. (eds) Essentials of Chinese Medicine. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-596-3_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-596-3_6
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