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Surgical Disorders of the Peripheral Nerves pp 77–114Cite as

Reactions to Injury

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Abstract

Nerves can be damaged in a number of ways: (1) ischaemia; (2) physical agents such as traction or stretching which may be sudden, intermittent or prolonged, pressure, distortion, cold, heat, severance, electric shock, injection of noxious substances, ionising radiation; (3) infection and inflammatory processes; (4) ingestion of drugs and metals; (5) infiltration by or pressure from tumours; (6) the effects of systemic disease. The damage to the nerve may be “closed,” or “open” through a wound of the skin. Damage may be acute or chronic; single, repeated or continuing. The lesion may affect the whole nerve or only part of it. The depth of affection may vary from fibre to fibre or from one part of the nerve to another. The nerve affected may be entirely healthy or may be the subject of a neuropathy from hereditary or systemic causes or from a more proximal affection. Nerve injury may be associated with damage to one or more important structures: artery, vein, viscus, bone, muscle or ligament.

Rolfe Birch M. Chir, FRCP&S (Glas), FRCS (Edin), FRCS (Eng) by election Professor in Neurological Orthopaedic Surgery, University College, London

Visiting Professor, Department of Academic Neurology, Imperial College, London

Honorary Orthopaedic Consultant, Hospital for Sick Children Great Ormond Street, London

The National Hospital for Nervous Diseases, Queen Square, London

Raigmore Hospital, Inverness

Honorary Orthopaedic Surgeon to the Royal Navy

Consultant in Charge, War Nerve Injuries Clinic at the Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre, Headley Court, Leatherhead, Surrey

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The common usage is of course axotomy, but we believe that axonotomy is the more correct term

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  1. University College, London, UK

    Rolfe Birch M. Chir, FRCP&S (Glas), FRCS (Edin), FRCS (Eng) by election (Professor in Neurological Orthopaedic Surgery)

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  1. Rolfe Birch M. Chir, FRCP&S (Glas), FRCS (Edin), FRCS (Eng) by election
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Birch, R. (2010). Reactions to Injury. In: Surgical Disorders of the Peripheral Nerves. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-108-8_3

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