Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Brain Death

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Resuscitation and Stabilization of the Critically Ill Child

  • 852 Accesses

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Mollaret P, Goulon M. Le coma dépassé. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1959;101:3–15.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Ad Hoc Committee of the Harvard Medial School to Examine the Definition of Brain Death. A definition of irreversible coma. JAMA 1968;205:337–340.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Mohandas A, Chou SN. Brain death—a clinical and pathological study. J Neurosurg 1971;35:211–218.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Diagnosis of brain death: statement issued by the honorary secretary of the Conference of Medical Royal Colleges and Their Faculties in the United Kingdom on 11 October 1976. BMJ 1976;2:1187–1188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Pallis C, Harley DH. ABC of Brainstem Death, 2nd ed. London: BMJ Publishing Group; 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Uniform Determination of Death Act, 12 Uniform Laws Annotated (U.L.A.) 589 (West 1993 and West Suppl. 1997).

    Google Scholar 

  7. Bernat JL. Philosophical and ethical aspects of brain death. In: Wijdicks EFM, ed. Brain Death. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000:171–187.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Lock M. Twice Dead: Organ Transplants and the Reinvention of Death. Berkeley: University of California Press; 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Howlett TA, Keogh AM, Perry L, Touzel R, Rees LH. Anterior and posterior pituitary function in brain-stem–dead donors. Transplantation 1989;47:828–834.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Bernat JL, Culver CM, Gert B. On the definition and criterion of death. Ann Intern Med 1981;94:389–394.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Taylor RM. Reexamining the definition and criteria of death. Semin Neurol 1997;17(3):265–270.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Lagiewska B, Pacholczyk M, Szostek M, Walaszewski J, Rowinski W. Hemodynamic and metabolic disturbances observed in brain dead organ donors. Transplant Proc 1996;28:165–166.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Powner DJ, Bernstein IM. Extended somatic support for pregnant women after brain death. Crit Care Med 2003;31(4):1241–1249.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Badovinac K, Greig P, Ross H, Doig C, Shemie SD. Organ utilization among deceased donors in Canada 1993–2002. Can J Anesth 2006;53(8):838–844.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Tsai E, Shemie SD, Hebert D, Furst S, Cox PN. Organ donation in children. The role of the pediatric intensive care unit. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2000;1:156–160.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Shemie SD, Doig C, Belitsky P. Advancing towards a modern death: the path from severe brain injury to neurological determination of death. Can Med Assoc J 2003;168(8):993–995.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Shivalkar B, Van Loon J, Wieland W, Tjandra-Maga TB, Borgers M, Plets C, Flameng W. Variable effects of explosive or gradual increase of intracranial pressure on myocardial structure and function. Circulation 1993;87(1):230–239.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Wijdicks EFM. Brain death worldwide—accepted fact but no global consensus in diagnostic criteria. Neurology 2002;58:20–25.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Saposnik G, Bueri JA, Maurino J, Saizar R, Garretto NS. Spontaneous and reflex movements in brain death. Neurology 2000;54(1):221–223.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Dosemeci L, Cengiz M, Yilmaz M, Ramazanoglu A. Frequency of spinal reflex movements in brain-dead patients. Transplant Proc 2004; 36(1):17.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Ashwal S. Clinical diagnosis and confirmatory testing of brain death in children. In: Wijdicks EFM, ed. Brain Death. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001:91–114.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Shemie SD, Doig C, Dickens B, Byrne P, et al. Severe brain injury to neurological determination of death: Canadian Council for Donation and Transplantation Forum recommendations. Can Med Assoc J 2006;174(6):S1–S13 (also available at www.ccdt.ca).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. The Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Practice parameters for determining brain death in adults [summary statement]. Neurology 1995;45:1012–1024

    Google Scholar 

  24. Dominguez-Roldan JM, Barrera-Chacon JM, Murillo-Cabezas F, Santamaria-Mifsut JL, Rivera-Fernandez V. Clinical factors influencing the increment of blood carbon dioxide during the apnea test for the diagnosis of brain death. Transplant Proc 1999;31(6):2599–2600.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Goudreau JL, Wijdicks EF, Emery SF. Complications during apnea testing in the determination of brain death: predisposing factors. Neurology 2000;55(7):1045–1048.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Levesque S, Lessard MR, Nicole PC, et al. Crit Care Med 2006;34(8): 2213–2216.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Sharpe MD, Young GB, Harris C. The apnea test for brain death determination: an alternative approach. Neurocrit Care 2004;1(3):363–366.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Vardis R, Pollack MM. Increased apnea threshold in a pediatric patient with suspected brain death. Crit Care Med 1998;26(11):1917–1919.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Danzl DR, Pozos RD. Accidental hypothermia. N Engl J Med. 1994; 331:1756–1760.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Wijdicks EFM. Brain Death. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  31. López-Navidad A, Caballero F, Domingo P, et al. Early diagnosis of brain death in patients treated with central nervous system depressant drugs. Transplantation 2000;70:131–135.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Booth CM, Boone RH, Tomlinson G, Detsky AS. Is this patient dead, vegetative, or severely neurologically impaired? Assessing outcome for comatose survivors of cardiac arrest. JAMA 2004;291(7):870–879.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Pearson IY. Australia and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Statement and Guidelines on Brain Death and Model Policy on Organ Donation. Anaesth Intensive Care 1995;23:104–108.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. American Electroencephalographic Society. Guideline three: minimum technical standards for EEG recording in suspected cerebral death. J Clin Neurophysiol 1994;11:10–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Brierley JB, Graham DI, Adams JH, Simpson JA. Neocortical death after cardiac arrest: a clinical, neurophysiological and neuropathological report of two cases. Lancet 1971;2:560–565.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Blend MJ, Oavel DG, Highes JR, et al. Normal radionuclide angiogram in a child with electrocerebral silence. Neuropediatrics 1986;17:168–170.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Young GB, Shemie SD, Doig C, Teitelbaum J. The role of ancillary tests in the neurological determination of death. Can J Anesth 2006;53(6): 620–627.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Flowers WM, Patel BR. Persistence of cerebral blood flow after brain death. South Med J 2000;93:364–370.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Wilkening M, Lowvier N, D’Athis P, Freysz M. Validity of cerebral angiography via the venous route in the diagnosis of brain death. Bull Acad Natl Med 1995;179:41–48.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Wieler H, Marohl K, Kaiser KP, Klawki P, Frossler H. Tc-99m HMPAO cerebral scintigraphy. A reliable, noninvasive method for determination of brain death. Clin Nucl Med 1993;18:104–109.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Spieth ME, Ansari AN, Kawada TK, Kimura RL, Siegel ME. Direct comparison of Tc-99m DPTA and TC-99m HMPAO for evaluating brain death. Clin Nucl Med 1994;19:867–872.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Bonetti MG, Ciritella P, Valle V, Perrone E. 99mTc HM-PAO brain perfusion SPECT in brain death. Neuroradiology 1995,37:365–369.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Ducrocq X, Braun M, Debouverie M, et al. Brain death and transcranial Doppler: experience in 130 cases of brain dead patients. J Neurol Sci 1998;160:41–46.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Facco E, Munari M, Gallo F, et al. Role of short latency evoked potentials in the diagnosis of brain death. Clin Neurophysiol 2002;113:1855–1866.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Machado C. An early approach to brain death diagnosis using multimodality evoked potentials and electroretinography. Minerva Anesthesiol 1994;60:573–577.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Hüttemann E, Schelenz C, Sakka SG, Reinhart K. Atropine test and circulatory arrest in the fossa posterior assessed by transcranial Doppler. Intensive Care Med 2000;26:422–425.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. American Academy of Pediatrics Task Force on Brain Death in Children. Guidelines for the determination of brain death in children. Pediatrics 1987;80:298–300.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Farrell MM, Levin DL. Brain death in the pediatric patient: historical, sociological, medical, religious, cultural, legal and ethical considerations. Crit Care Med 1993;21:1951–1965.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Shemie SD. Variability in brain death practices. Crit Care Med 2004;32(12):2564–2565.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Powner DJ, Hernandez M, Rives TE. Variability among hospital policies for determining brain death in adults. Crit Care Med 2004;31(6):1284–1288.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Mejia RE, Pollack MM. Variability in brain death determination practices in children. JAMA 1995;274(7):550–553.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Chang MY, McBride LA, Ferguson MA. Variability in brain death declaration practices in pediatric head trauma patients. Pediatr Neurosurg 2003;39(1):7–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Canadian Neurocritical Care Group: Guidelines for the diagnosis of death. Can J Neurol Sci 1999;26:64–66.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Wang MY, Wallace P, Gruen JP. Brain death documentation: analysis and issues. Neurosurgery 2002;51(3):731–735.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Cloutier R, Baran D, Morin JE, Dandavino R, et al. Brain death diagnoses and evaluation of the number of potential organ donors in Quebec hospitals. Can J Anaesth 2006;53(7):716–721.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Meert KL, Thurston CS, Sarnaik AP. End-of-life decision-making and satisfaction with care: parental perspectives. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2000;1(2):179–185.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Martinot A, Grandbastien B, Leteurtre S, Duhamel A, Leclerc F. No resuscitation orders and withdrawal of therapy in French paediatric intensive care units. Groupe Francophone de Reanimation et d’Urgences Pediatriques. Acta Paediatr

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Pediatric Critical Care Montreal Children‘s Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

    Sam D. Shemie (Associate Professor of Pediatrics)

Authors
  1. Sam D. Shemie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Medical Center, Div. of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Burnet Avenue 3333, Cincinnati, 45229, U.S.A.

    Derek S. Wheeler

  2. Medical Center, Div. of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Burnet Avenue 3333, Cincinnati, 45229, U.S.A.

    Hector R. Wong

  3. C.S. Mott Children's Hospital , Pediatric Critical Care Medicine , University of Michigan, E. Medical Center Drive 1500, Ann Arbor, 48109-0243, U.S.A.

    Thomas P. Shanley

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Springer-Verlag London

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Shemie, S.D. (2009). Brain Death. In: Wheeler, D., Wong, H., Shanley, T. (eds) Resuscitation and Stabilization of the Critically Ill Child. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-919-6_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-919-6_10

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-84800-918-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-84800-919-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation