Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Emergency Medical Services for Children

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Resuscitation and Stabilization of the Critically Ill Child

  • 863 Accesses

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Hart HW. The conveyance of patients to and from the hospital, 1720–1850. Med Hist 1978;22:397–407.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Blackwell TH. Prehospital care. Emerg Med Clin North Am 1993;11:1–11.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Stewart RD. The history of emergency medical services. In: Kuekl AE, ed. National Association of EMS Physicians: EMS Medical Director’s Handbook. St Louis: CV Mosby; 1989:3.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Wheeler DS. Emergency medical services for children: a general pediatrician’s perspective. Curr Probl Pediatr 1999;29:221–248.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Stewart RD. The history of emergency medical services. In: Roush WR, ed. Principles of EMS Systems. Dallas: American College of Emergency Physicians; 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Safar P, Escarraga LA, Elam JO. A comparison of mouth-to-mouth and mouth-to-airway methods of artificial respiration with the chest-pressure arm-lift methods. N Engl J Med 1958;258:671–677.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Kouwenhoven WB, Jude JR, Nickerbocker GG. Closed-chest cardiac massage. JAMA 1960;173:1064–1067.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Sadler AM, Sadler BF, Webb SB, ed. Emergency Medical Care: The Neglected Public Service. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger Publishing Co.; 1977:29.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Emergency Medical Services System Act of 1973. Laws of the 93rd Congress. Pub L 93–154, Title XII of the Public Health Services Act. Washington, DC, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Barkin R. Pediatrics in the emergency medical services system: the system and training. Pediatr Emerg Care 1990;6:72–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Seidel JS, Henderson DP, Ward P, Wayland BW, Ness B. Pediatric prehospital care in urban and rural areas. Pediatrics 1991;88:681–690.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Ramenofsky ML, Morse TS. Standards of care for the critically injured pediatric patient. J Trauma 1982;22:921–931.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Haller JA, Shorter N, Miller D, et al. Organization and function of a regional pediatric trauma center: does a system of management improve outcome? J Trauma 1983;23:691–696.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Seidel JS, Hornbein M, Yishiyama K, et al. Emergency medical services and the pediatric patient: are the needs being met? Pediatrics 1984;73:769–772.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Division of Injury Control, Center for Environmental Health and Injury Control, Centers for Disease Control. Childhood injuries in the United States. Am J Dis Child 1990;144:627–646.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Rice DP, Mackenzie EJ. Cost of Injury in the United States: A Report to Congress. Atlanta: Division of Injury, Epidemiology, and Control, Center for Environmental Health and Injury Control, Centers for Disease Control; 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Butler RN, Todd KH, Kellerman AL, et al. Injury-control education in six U.S. medical schools. Acad Med 1998;73:524–528.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Zavoski RW, Burke GS, Lapidus GD, Banco LI. Injury prevention training in pediatric residency programs. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1996;150:1093–1096.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Reisinger KS, Bires JA. Anticipatory guidance in pediatric practice. Pediatrics 1980;66:889–892.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Miller TR, Galbraith M. Injury prevention counseling by pediatricians: A benefit–cost comparison. Pediatrics 1995;96:1–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. DiGuiseppi CG, Rivara FP, Koepsell TD, Polissar L. Bicycle helmet use by children: evaluation of a community-wide helmet campaign. JAMA 1989;262:2256–2261.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Cushman R, James W, Waclawik H. Physicians promoting bicycle helmets for children: a randomized trial. Am J Public Health 1991;81:1044–1046.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Bablouzian L, Freedman ES, Wolski KE, Fried LE. Evaluation of a community-based childhood injury prevention program. Inj Prev 1997;3:14–16.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Sullivan M, Cole B, Lie L, Twomey J. Reducing child hazards in the home. A joint venture in injury control. J Burn Care Rehabil 1990;11: 175–179.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Hazinski MF, Eddy VA, Morris JA, Jr. Children’s traffic safety program: influence of early elementary school safety education on family seat belt use. J Trauma 1995;39:1063–1068.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Knolle LL, McDermott RJ, Ritzel DO. Knowledge of access to and use of the emergency medical services system in a rural Illinois county. Am J Prev Med 1989;5:164–169.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. White-Means SI, Thornton MC, Yeo JS. Sociodemographic and health factors influencing black and Hispanic use of the hospital emergency room. J Natl Med Assoc 1989;81:72–80.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Brown LH, Prasad NH, Grimmer K. Public perceptions of a rural emergency medical services system. Prehospital Disaster Med 1994;9: 257–259.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Richards JR, Ferrall SJ. Inappropriate use of emergency medical services transport: comparison of provider and patient perspectives. Acad Emerg Med 1999;6:14–20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Svenson JE. Patterns of use of emergency medical transport: a population-based study. Am J Emerg Med 2000;18:130–134.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Mayron R, Long RS, Ruiz E. The 911 emergency telephone number: impact on emergency medical systems access in a metropolitan area. Am J Emerg Med 1984;2:491–493.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Eisenberg M, Hallstrom A, Becker L. Community awareness of emergency phone numbers. Am J Public Health 1981;71:1058–1060.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Emergency Medical Services: 16th annual EMS state and province survey. Emerg Med Serv 1992;21:202–226.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Fuchs S, Jaffe DM, Christoffel KK. Pediatric emergencies in office practices: prevalence and office preparedness. Pediatrics 1989;83:931–939.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Altieri M, Bellet J, Scott H. Preparedness for pediatric emergencies encountered in the practitioner’s office. Pediatrics 1990;85:710–714.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Schweich PJ, DeAngelis C, Duggan AK. Preparedness of practicing pediatricians to manage emergencies. Pediatrics 1991;88:223–229.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Seidel JS, Henderson DP, Lewis JB. Emergency medical services and the pediatric patient, III: resources of ambulatory care centers. Pediatrics 1991;88:230–235.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Flores G, Weinstock DJ. The preparedness of pediatricians for emergencies in the office: what is broken, should we care, and how can we fix it? Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1996;150:249–256.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Martinot A, Fourier C, Hue V, Leclerc F. Family practitioner pre-paredness for pediatric emergencies. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1997;151:530–531.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Shetty AK, Hutchinson SW, Mangat R, Peck GQ. Preparedness of practicing pediatricians in Louisiana to manage emergencies. South Med J 1998;91:745–748.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Mansfield CJ, Price J, Frush KS, Dallara J. Pediatric emergencies in the office: are family physicians as prepared as pediatricians? J Fam Pract 2001;50:757–761.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Johnson C, Coulthard M, Schluter P, Dick M. Medical emergencies in general practice in south-east Queensland: prevalence and practice preparedness. Med J Aust 2001;175:99–103.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Walsh-Kelly CM, Bergholte J, Erschen MJ, Melzer-Lange M. Office preparedness for pediatric emergencies: baseline preparedness and the impact of guideline distribution. Pediatr Emerg Care 2004;20:289–294.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Bordley WC, Travers D, Scanlon P, Frush K, Hohenhaus S. Office preparedness for pediatric emergencies: a randomized, controlled trial of an office-based training program. Pediatrics 2003;112:291–295.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Hodge D. Pediatric emergency office equipment. Pediatr Emerg Care 1988;4:212–215.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Baker MD. Is your office prepared for a medical emergency? Contemp Pediatr 1988;5:73–82.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Sapien R, Hodge D. Equipping and preparing the office for emergencies. Pediatr Ann 1990;19:659–667.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Schexnayder SM, Schexnayder RE. 911 in your office: preparations to keep emergencies from becoming catastrophes. Pediatr Ann 1996;25:664–676.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Wheeler DS, Kiefer ML, Poss WB. Pediatric emergency preparedness in the office. Am Fam Physician 2000;61:3333–3342.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Seidel JS, Knapp JF, eds. Childhood Emergencies in the Office, Hospital, and Community: Organizing Systems of Care. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2000:41–54.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Heath BW, Coffey JS, Malone P, Courtney J. Pediatric office emergencies and emergency preparedness in a small rural state. Pediatrics 2000;106:1391–1396.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Bordley WC, Travers D, Scanlon P, Frush K, Hohenhaus S. Office preparedness for pediatric emergencies: a randomized, controlled trial of an office-based training program. Pediatrics 2003;112:291–295.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Walsh-Kelly CM, Bergholte J, Erschen MJ, Melzer-Lange M. Office preparedness for pediatric emergencies: baseline preparedness and the impact of guideline distribution. Pediatr Emerg Care 2004;20:289–294.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Montgomery WH, Brown DD, Hazinski MF, Clawsen J, Newell LD, Flint L. Citizen response to cardiopulmonary emergencies. Ann Emerg Med 1993;22:428–434.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Dieckmann RA. Pediatrics in EMS: The effect of dispatch center and base hospitals on the quality of field care. Pediatr Emerg Care 1990;6:76–77.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Clawson JJ. Telephone treatment protocols: reach out and help someone. J Emerg Med Serv 1986;11:43–46.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Hauswald M, Drake C. Innovations in emergency medical services systems. Emerg Med Clin North Am 1990;8:135–144.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Zachariah BS, Pepe PE. The development of emergency medical dispatch in the USA: a historical perspective. Eur J Emerg Med 1995;2:109–122.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Dunford JV. Emergency medical dispatch. Emerg Med Clin North Am 2002;20:859–875.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Seidel JS. Emergency medical services and the pediatric patient: Are the needs being met? II: training and equipping emergency medical service providers for pediatric emergencies. Pediatrics 1986;78:808–812.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Seidel JS. A needs assessment of advanced life support and emergency medical services in the pediatric patient: state of the art. Circulation 1986;74:IV129–IV133.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Graham CJ, Stuemky J, Lera TA. Emergency medical services preparedness for pediatric emergencies. Pediatr Emerg Care 1993;9:329–331.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Sinclair LM, Baker MD. Police involvement in pediatric prehospital care. Pediatrics 1991;87:636–641.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Zaritsky A, French JP, Schafermeyer R, Morton D. A statewide evaluation of pediatric prehospital and hospital emergency services. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1994;148: 76–81.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Glaeser PW, Linzer J, Tunik MG, Henderson DP, Ball J. Survey of nationally registered emergency medical services providers: pediatric education. Ann Emerg Med 2000;36:33–38.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Gaffney P, Johnson G. Paediatric prehospital care: postal survey of paramedic training managers. Arch Dis Child 2001;84:82–83.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Losek JD, Szewczuga D, Glaeser PW. Improved prehospital pediatric ALS care after an EMT-paramedic clinical training course. Am J Emerg Med 1994;12:429–432.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Pediatric Education Task Force Members. Education of out-of-hospital emergency medical personnel in pediatrics: report of a national task force. Ann Emerg Med 1998;31:58–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Babl FE, Vinci RJ, Bauchner H, Mottley L. Pediatric pre-hospital advanced life support care in an urban setting. Pediatr Emerg Care 2001;17:5–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Foltin G, Markenson D, Tunik M, Wellborn C, Treiber M, Cooper A. Assessment of pediatric patients by emergency medical technicians-basic. Pediatr Emerg Care 2002;18:81–85.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Stratton SJ, Underwood LA, Whalen SM, Gunter CS. Prehospital pediatric endotracheal intubation: a survey of the United States. Prehosp Disaster Med 1993;8:323–326.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Losek JD, Hennes H, Glaeser P, Hendley G, Nelson DB. Prehospital care of the pulseless, nonbreathing pediatric patient. Am J Emerg Med 1987;5:370–374.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Aijian P, Tsai A, Knopp R, Kallsen GW. Endotracheal intubation of pediatric patients by paramedics. Ann Emerg Med 1989;18:489–494.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Pointer JE. Clinical characteristics of paramedics’ performance of pediatric endotracheal intubation. Am J Emerg Med 1989;7:364–366.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Quan L, Wentz KR, Gore EJ, Copass MK. Outcome and predictors of outcome in pediatric submersion victims receiving prehospital care in King County, Washington. Pediatrics 1990;86:586–593.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Nakayama DK, Gardner MJ, Rowe MI. Emergency endotracheal intubation in pediatric trauma. Ann Surg 1990;19:173–178.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Ehrlich PF, Seidman PS, Atallah O, Hague A, Helmkamp J. Endotracheal intubation in rural pediatric trauma patients. J Pediatr Surg 2004;39:1376–1380.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Schoenfeld PS, Baker MD. Management of cardiopulmonary arrest and trauma resuscitation in the pediatric emergency department. Pediatrics 1993;91:726–729.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Kyriacou DN, Kraus JF, Arcinue E. Effect of immediate resuscitation on childhood outcomes after aquatic submersion injury [abstract]. Ann Emerg Med 1992;21:1046.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Gausche M, Lewis RJ, Stratton, Haynes BE, Gunter CS, Goodrich SM, Poore PD, McCollough MD, Henderson DP, Pratt FD, Seidel JS. Effect of out-of-hospital pediatric endotracheal intubation on survival and neurological outcome: a controlled clinical trial. JAMA 2000; 283:783–790.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Glaeser PW, Losek JD. Emergency intraosseous infusions in children. Am J Emerg Med 1986;4:34–36.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Smith RJ, Keseg DP, Manley LK, Standeford T. Intraosseous infusions by prehospital personnel in critically ill pediatric patients. Ann Emerg Med 1988;17:491–495.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Zimmerman J, Coyne M, Logsdon M. Aeromedical use of intraosseous infusions [abstract]. Pediatr Emerg Care 1988;4:147.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Glaeser PW, Losek JD, Nelson DB, Bonadio WA, Smith DS, Walsh-Kelly C, Hennes H. Pediatric intraosseous infusions: impact on vascular access time. Am J Emerg Med 1988;6:330–332.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Miner WF, Corneli HM, Bolte RG, Lehnhof D, Clawson JJ. Prehospital use of intraosseous infusion by paramedics. Pediatr Emerg Care 1989;5:5–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Seigler RS, Tecklenberg FW, Shealy R. Prehospital intraosseous infusion by emergency medical services personnel. Pediatrics 1989;84:173–177.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Fuchs S, LaCovey D, Paris P. A prehospital model of intraosseous infusion. Ann Emerg Med 1991;20:371–374.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Moscati R, Moore GP. Compartment syndrome with resultant amputation following intraosseous infusion. Am J Emerg Med 1990;8:470–471.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Galpin RD, Kronick JB, Willis RB, Frewen TC. Bilateral lower extremity compartment syndromes secondary to intraosseous fluid resuscitation. J Pediatr Orthop 1991;11:773–776.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Christensen DW, Vernon DD, Banner W Jr, Dean JM. Skin necrosis complicating intraosseous infusion. Pediatr Emerg Care 1991;7:289–290.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Ramenofsky ML, Luterman A, Curreri PW. EMS for pediatrics: optimum treatment or unnecessary delay? J Pediatr Surg 1983;18:289–290.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. Tsai A, Kallsen G. Epidemiology of pediatric prehospital care. Ann Emerg Med 1987;16:284–292.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Erder MH, Davidson SJ, Chaney RA. Online medical command in theory and practice. Ann Emerg Med 1989;18:261–288.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Gratton MC, Bethkey RA, Watson WA, Gaddis GM. Effect of standing orders on paramedic scene time for trauma patients. Ann Emerg Med 1991;20:1306–1309.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Holliman CJ, Wuerz RC, Vazquez-de Miguel G, Meador SA. Comparison of interventions in prehospital care by standing orders versus interventions ordered by direct on-line medical command. Prehosp Disaster Med 1994;9:202–209.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Pointer JE, Osur MA. Effect of standing orders on field times. Ann Emerg Med 1989;18:1119–1121.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Hoffman JR, Luo J, Schriger DL, Silver L. Does paramedic base contact result in beneficial deviations from standard prehospital protocols? West J Med 1989;153:283–287.

    Google Scholar 

  98. Thompson SJ, Schriber JA. A survey of prehospital care paramedic/physician communication from Multnomah County (Portland), OR. J Emerg Med 1984;1:421–428.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Wuerz RC, Swope GE, Holliman CJ, Vazquez-de Miguell G. Online medical direction: a prospective study. Prehosp Disaster Med 1995;10:174–177.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Peckinpaugh K, Izsak E, Lindstrom D, Orlow G, Couture T, Rice M. The advanced pedi-bag program: a hospital-EMS partnership to implement prehospital training, equipment, and protocols. Pediatr Emerg Care 2000;16:409–412.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Scribano PV, Baker MD, Ludwig S. Factors influencing termination of resuscitative efforts in children: a comparison of pediatric emergency medicine and adult emergency medicine physicians. Pediatr Emerg Care 1997;13:320–324.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Glaser NS, Kuppermann N, Yee CK, Schwartz DL, Styne DM. Variation in the management of pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis by specialty training. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1997;151:1125–1132.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Schweich PJ, Smith KM, Dowd MD, Walkley EI. Pediatric emergency medicine practice patterns: a comparison of pediatric and general emergency physicians. Pediatr Emerg Care 1998;14:89–94.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Tolhurst H, McMillan J, McInerney P, Bernasconi J. The emergency medicine training needs of rural general practitioners. Aust J Rural Health 1999;7:90–96.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Isaacman DJ, Kaminer K, Veligeti H, Jones M, Davis P, Mason JD. Comparative practice patterns of emergency medicine physicians and pediatric emergency medicine physicians managing fever in young children. Pediatrics 2001;108:354–358.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Hampers LC, Faries SG. Practice variation in the emergency management of croup. Pediatrics 2002;109:505–508.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Johnson DW, Adair C, Brant R, Holmwood J, Mitchell I. Differences in admission rates of children with bronchiolitis by pediatric and general emergency departments. Pediatrics 2002;110:e49.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Simon HK, Sullivan F. Confidence in performance of pediatric emergency medicine procedures by community emergency practitioners. Pediatr Emerg Care 1996;12:336–339.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Moller JC, Ballnus S, Kohl M, Gopel W, Barthel M, Kruger U, Friedrich HJ. Evaluation of the performance of general emergency physicians in pediatric emergencies: obstructive airway diseases, seizures, and trauma. Pediatr Emerg Care 2002;18:424–428.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Langhan M, Keshavarz R, Richardson LD. How comfortable are emergency physicians with pediatric patients? J Emerg Med 2004;26:465–369.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Paul RI, King L. Technical skills experiences in pediatric emergency medicine fellowship programs. Pediatr Emerg Care 1996;12:10–12.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Simon HK, Steele DW, Lewander WJ, Linakis JG. Are pediatric emergency medicine training programs meeting their goals and objectives? A self-assessment of individuals completing fellowship training in 1993. Pediatr Emerg Care 1994;10:208–212.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Fein JA, Lavelle J, Giardino AP. Teaching emergency medicine to pediatric residents: a national survey and proposed model. Pediatr Emerg Care 1995;11:208–211.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Brady RM, Raftos J. Emergency management skills of South Australian paediatric trainees. J Paediatr Child Health 1997;33:113–116.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Fazio RF, Wheeler DS, Poss WB. Resident training in pediatric critical care transport medicine: a survey of pediatric residency programs. Pediatr Emerg Care 2000;16:166–169.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Trainor JL, Krug SE. The training of pediatric residents in the care of acutely ill and injured children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2000;154:1154–1159.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Wheeler DS, Clapp CR, Poss WB. Training in pediatric critical care medicine: a survey of pediatric residency training programs. Pediatr Emerg Care 2003;19:1–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Falck AJ, Escobedo MB, Baillargeon JG, Villard LG, Gunkel JH. Proficiency of pediatric residents in performing neonatal endotracheal intubation. Pediatrics 2003;112:1242–1247.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. Bowen KA, Ball TM. Pediatricians’ evaluations of their residency curriculum in emergency medicine. Pediatr Emerg Care 2003;19:79–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  120. Cullen EJ, Lawless ST, Nadkarni VM, McCloskey JJ, Corddry DH, Kettrick RG. Evaluation of a pediatric intensive care residency curriculum. Crit Care Med 1997;25:1898–1903.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Wheeler DS, Vaux KK, Starr SR, Poss WB. The pediatric critical care experience at Naval Hospital Guam: suggestions for critical care training during residency. Mil Med 2000;165:441–444.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Guidelines/Practice Parameters Committee, American College of Critical Care Medicine of the Society of Critical Care Medicine. Guidelines for resident physician training in critical care medicine. Crit Care Med 1995;23:1920–1923.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  123. Reynolds M, Thomsen C, Black L, Moody R. The nuts and bolts of organizing and initiating a pediatric transport team. Crit Care Clin 1992;8:465–479.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Pon S, Notterman DA. The organization of a pediatric critical care transport program. Pediatr Clin North Am 1993;40:241–261.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Kissoon N, Frewen TC, Kronick JB, Mohammed A. The child requiring transport: lessons and implications for the pediatric emergency physician. Pediatr Emerg Care 1988;4:1–4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Edge WE, Kanter RK, Weigle CG, Walsh RF. Reduction of morbidity in interhospital transport by specialized pediatric staff. Crit Care Med 1994;22:1186–1191.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Britto J, Nadel S, Maconochie I, Levin M, Habibi P. Morbidity and severity of illness during interhospital transfer: impact of a specialised paediatric retrieval team. BMJ 1995;311:836–839.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Cray SH, Heard CMB. Transport for paediatric intensive care. Measuring the performance of a specialist transport service. Paediatr Anaesth 1995;5:287–292.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Ramenofsky ML, Luterman A, Quindlen E, Riddick L, Curreri PW. Maximum survival in pediatric trauma: the ideal system. J Trauma 1984;24:818–823.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Haller JA, Shorter N, Miller D, Colombani P, Hall J, Buck J. Organization and function of a regional pediatric trauma center: does a system of management improve outcome? J Trauma 1983;23:691–691.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  131. Pollack MM, Katz RW, Ruttiman UE, Getson PR. Improving the outcome and efficiency of intensive care: the impact of an intensivist. Crit Care Med 1988;16:11–17.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Haller JA, Beaver B. A model: systems management of life threatening injuries in children for the state of Maryland, USA. Intensive Care Med 1989;15(Suppl 1):S53–S56.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  133. Pollack MM, Alexander SR, Clarke N, Ruttimann UE, Tesselaar HM, Bachulis AC. Improved outcomes from tertiary center pediatric intensive care: a statewide comparison of tertiary and nontertiary care facilities. Crit Care Med 1991;19:150–159.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Pollack MM, Cuerdon TT, Patel KM, Ruttimann UE, Getson PR, Levetown M. Impact of quality-of-care factors on pediatric intensive care unit mortality. JAMA 1994;272:941–946.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Wiebe RA, Scott SM. Categorization and regionalization of emergency departments caring for children. Clin Pediatr Emerg Med 1999;1:45–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  136. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Hospital Care. Facilities and equipment for the care of pediatric patients in a community hospital. Pediatrics 1998;101:1089–1090.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  137. Pettigrew AH. Pediatric intensive care systems in northern and central California. In: Haller JA, ed. Emergency Medical Services for Children: Report of the 97th Ross Conference on Pediatric Research. Columbus, OH: Ross Laboratories; 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  138. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Hospital Care and Pediatric Section of the Society of Critical Care Medicine. Guidelines and levels of care for pediatric intensive care units. Pediatrics 1993;92:166–175.

    Google Scholar 

  139. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine. Guidelines for pediatric emergency care facilities. Pediatrics 1995;96:526–537.

    Google Scholar 

  140. American College of Critical Care Medicine, Society of Critical Care Medicine: Consensus report for regionalization of services for critically ill or injured children. Crit Care Med 2000;28:236–239.

    Google Scholar 

  141. American Medical Association. Commission on Emergency Medical Services: Guidelines for Categorization of Hospital Emergency Capabilities. Chicago, IL, American Medical Association, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  142. Estimates of Pediatric Care Readiness in U.S. Hospitals with Emergency Departments. A Self-Administered Mail Survey Among a Probability Sample of Hospitals. Division of Hazard and Injury Data Systems. U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  143. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Hospital Care. Guidelines for air and ground transportation of pediatric patients. Pediatrics 1986;78:943–950.

    Google Scholar 

  144. American Academy of Pediatrics, Task Force on Interhospital Transport. Guidelines for Air and Ground Transportation of Pediatric Patients. Elk Grove, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  145. Day S, McCloskey K, Orr R, Bolte R, Notterman D, Hackel A. Pediatric interhospital critical care transport: consensus of a national leadership conference. Pediatrics 1991;88:696–704.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. American Academy of Pediatrics, Ad Hoc Task Force on Definition of the Medical Home. The medical home. Pediatrics 1992;90:774.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Critical Care Medicine Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Derek S. Wheeler (MD)

  2. Division of Emergency Medicine, Emergency Medical Services for Children Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Tom LeMaster RN, REMT-P, EMSI (Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics)

Authors
  1. Derek S. Wheeler
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Tom LeMaster RN, REMT-P, EMSI
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Medical Center, Div. of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Burnet Avenue 3333, Cincinnati, 45229, U.S.A.

    Derek S. Wheeler

  2. Medical Center, Div. of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Burnet Avenue 3333, Cincinnati, 45229, U.S.A.

    Hector R. Wong

  3. C.S. Mott Children's Hospital , Pediatric Critical Care Medicine , University of Michigan, E. Medical Center Drive 1500, Ann Arbor, 48109-0243, U.S.A.

    Thomas P. Shanley

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Springer-Verlag London

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Wheeler, D.S., LeMaster, T. (2009). Emergency Medical Services for Children. In: Wheeler, D., Wong, H., Shanley, T. (eds) Resuscitation and Stabilization of the Critically Ill Child. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-919-6_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-919-6_1

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-84800-918-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-84800-919-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation