Skip to main content

Old and Fragile Patients

  • Chapter
  • 1009 Accesses

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Anderson CJ, Havranek EG. Minimally invasive ablative techniques in renal cancer. BJU Int 2004;93:707–709.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Anonymous. Trends in aging, United States and worldwide. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2003;52:101.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Baird AD, Woolfenden KA, Desmond AD et al. Outcome and survival with nonsurgical management of renal cell carcinoma. BJU Int 2003;91(7):600–602.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Bammer T, Hinder RA, Klaus A et al. Safety and long-term outcome of laparoscopic antireflux surgery in patients in their eighties and older. Surg Endosc 2002;16:40–42.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Begg CB, Riedel ER, Bach PB et al. Variations in morbidity after radical prostatectomy. N Engl J Med 2002;346:1138–1144.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Belldegrun AS, Schulam PG, Kim HI. Minimally invasive options for treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Kidney Cancer J 2004;1(2):14–17.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Bhayani SB. Small renal cell carcinoma. Cont Urol 2005;Dec:40–45.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Birkeland S, Lokkegaard H, Storm H. Cancer risk in patients on dialysis and after renal transplantation. Lancet 2000;355:1886–1887.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Bleumer I, Oosterwijk E, De Mulder P et al. Immunotherapy for renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol 2003;44:65–75.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Bos SD, Mellema CT, Mensink HJ. Increase in renal cell carcinoma in the northern part of the Netherlands. Eur Urol 2000;37:267–270.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Brausi M, Castagnetti G, Gavioli M et al. Radio frequency ablation of renal tumours does not produce complete tumour destruction: results of a phase II study. Eur Urol 2004;suppl. 3:14–17.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Buccianti G, Maisonnevue P, Ravasi B et al. Cancer among patients on renal replacement therapy: a population based survey in Lombardy, Italy. Int J Cancer 1996;66:591–593.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Cadeddu JA, Ono Y, Clayman RV et al. Laparoscopic nephrectomy for renal cell cancer: evaluation of efficacy and safety: a multicenter experience. Urology 1998;52:773–777.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Chang SS, Cookson MS, Hassan JM et al. Routine postoperative intensive care monitoring is not necessary after radical cystectomy. J Urol 2002;167(3):1321–1324.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL et al. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chronic Dis 1987;40:373.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Chen KS, Lai MK, Huang CC et al. Urologic cancers in uremic patients. Am J Kidney Dis 1995;25:694–700.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Chow WH, Devesa SS, Warren JL et al. Rising incidence of renal cell cancer in the United States. JAMA 1999;281:1628–1631.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Cohn EB, Campbell SC. Screening for renal cell carcinoma. In: Brukowski RM, Novick AC, Eds. Renal Cell Carcinoma. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2000, pp. 93–109.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  19. Cullen DJ, Apolone G, Greenfield S et al. ASA-PS and age predict morbidity after three surgical procedures. Ann Surg 1994;220:3–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. De Baere T, Kuoch V, Smayra T et al. Radio frequency ablation of renal cell carcinoma: preliminary clinical experience. J Urol 2002;167(5):1961–1964.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Dechet CB, Zincke H, Sebo TJ et al. Prospective analysis of computerized tomography and needle biopsy with permanent sectioning to determine the nature of solid renal masses in adults. J Urol 2003;169(1):71–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Desai MM, Gill IS. Renal tumors: clarifying the role of cryoablation. Cont Urol 2002;14(9):35–51.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Desai MM, Strzempkowski B, Matin SF et al. Prospective randomized comparison of transperitoneal versus retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy. J Urol 2005;173(1):38–41.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Desai MM, Aron M, Gill IS. Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy versus laparoscopic cryoablation for the small renal tumor. Urology 2005;66(Suppl 5A):23–28.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Eden CG, Haigh AC, Carter PG et al. Laparoscopic nephrectomy results in better postoperative pulmonary function. J Endourol 1994;8:419.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Elson PJ, Witte RS, Trump DL. Prognostic factors for survival in patients with recurrent or metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Res 1988;48:7310.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Extermann M. Measuring comorbidity in older cancer patients. Eur J Cancer 2000;36:453–471.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Fabrizii V, Horl W. Renal transplantation in the elderly. Curr Opin Urol 2001;11:159–163.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Ficarra V, Prayer-Galetti T, Novella G et al. Incidental detection beyond pathological factors as prognostic predictor of renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol 2003;43:663–669.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Fornara P, Doehn C, Friedrich HJ et al. Nonrandomized comparison of open flank versus laparoscopic nephrectomy in 249 patients with benign renal disease. Eur Urol 2001;40:24–31.}

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Francis J.: Perioperative management of the older patient. In: Hazzard WR, Andres R, Bierman EL et al., Eds. Principles of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Fried GM, Clas D, Meakins JL. Minimally invasive surgery in the elderly patient. Surg Clin North Am 1994;74:375.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Garman KS, Cohen HJ. Functional status and the elderly cancer patient. Crit Rev Oncol 2002;43(3):209–217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Gettman MT, Boelter CW, Cheville JC et al. Charlson comorbidity index as a predictor of outcome after surgery for renal cell carcinoma with renal vein, vena cava or right atrium extension. J Urol 2003;169(4):1282–1286.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Giberti C, Oneto F, Martorana G et al. Radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma: long-term results and prognostic factors on a series of 328 cases. Eur Urol 1997;31:40.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Gill IS, Kavoussi LR, Clayman RV et al. Complications of laparoscopic nephrectomy in 185 patients: a multi-institutional review. J Urol 1995;154:479–483.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Gill IS, Matin SF, Desai MM et al. Comparative analysis of laparoscopic versus open partial nephrectomy for renal tumors in 200 patients. J Urol 2003;170:64–68.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Gomha M, Mosbah A, Showky S et al. A neural network for prediction of 5-year survival status in patients with renal cell carcinoma treated by radical nephrectomy. BJU Int 2002;90(suppl. 2):104.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Gray SL, Sanger M, Lestico MR et al. Adverse drug events in hospitalized elderly. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1998;53:M59.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Han K-R, Kim HL, Pantuck AJ et al. Use of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification to assess perioperative risk in patients undergoing radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. Urology 2004;63:841–847.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Horl WH. Renal medicine and renal transplantation (editorial comment). Curr Opin Urol 2001;11:131–132.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Hsu TH, Gill IS, Fazeli-Matin S et al. Radical nephrectomy and nephroureterectomy in the octogenarian and nonogenarian: comparison of laparoscopic and open approaches. Urology 1999;53:1121–1125.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Inouye SK. Delirium in hospitalized elderly patients: recognition, evaluation and management. Conn Med 1993;57:309.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Inouye SK. Delirium in older persons. N Engl J Med 2006;354:1157–1165.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Iroatulam AJ, Chen HH, Potenti FM et al. Laparoscopic colectomy yields similar morbidity and disability regardless of patient age. Int J Colorectal Dis 1999;14:155–157.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Ishikawa I. Present status of renal cell carcinoma in dialysis patients in Japan: questionnaire study in 2002. Nephron Clin Pract 2004;97:11–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Ishikawa I, Saito Y, Shikura N et al. A ten year prospective study on the development of renal cell carcinoma in dialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 1990;16:452–458.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Ito K, Nakashima J, Hanawa Y et al. The prediction of renal function 6 years after unilateral nephrectomy using preoperative risk factors. J Urol 2004;171(1):120–125.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Jacqmin D, Van Poppel H, Kirkali Z et al. Renal cancer. Eur Urol 2001;39(3):1–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Johnson DB, Taylor GD, Lotan Y et al. The effects of radio frequency ablation on renal function and blood pressure. J Urol 2003;170(6):2234–2236.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Joniau S, Vander Eeckt K, Van Poppel H. The indications for partial nephrectomy in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. NCP Urology 2006;3(4):198–205.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Kassouf W, Aprikian AG, Laplante M et al. Natural history of renal masses followed expectantly. J Urol 2004;171(1):111–113.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Kato M, Suzuki T, Suzuki Y et al. Natural history of small renal cell carcinoma: evaluation of growth rate, histological grade, cell proliferation and apoptosis. J Urol 2004;172(3):863–866.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Kattan MW, Reuter V, Motzer RJ et al. A postoperative prognostic nomogram for renal cell carcinoma. J Urol 2001;166:63–67.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Kim HL, Belldegrun AS, Freitas DG et al. Paraneoplastic signs and symptoms of renal cell carcinoma: implications for prognosis. J Urol 2003;170(5):1742–1746.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Kirkali Z, Obek C. Clinical aspects of renal cell carcinoma. EAU Update Series 2003;1:189–196.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Kirkali Z, Van Poppel H. Developments in organ preserving treatments for renal cell cancer: open surgery. Eur Urol 2004;suppl. 3:9–13.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Kirkali Z, Van Poppel H, Tuzel E et al. A prospective survey of surgical approaches in clinically localized renal cell carcinoma. Urol Oncol 2002;2:169–174.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Lam JS, Shvarts O, Pantuck AJ. Changing concepts in the surgical management of renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol 2004;45:692–705.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Lang H, Jacqmin D. Prognostic factors in renal cell carcinoma. EAU Update Series 2003;1:215–219.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Leape LL, Brennan TA, Laird N et al. The nature of adverse events in hospitalized patients. Results of the Harvard Medical Practice Study II. N Engl J Med 1991;324:377–384.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Lee CT, Katz J, Fearn PA et al. Mode of presentation of renal cell carcinoma provides prognostic information. Urol Oncol 2002;7(4):135–140.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Levine E. Renal cell carcinoma in uremic acquired renal cystic disease: incidence, detection and management. Urol Radiol 1992;13:203–210.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Link RE, Bhayani SB, Allaf ME et al. Exploring the learning curve, pathological outcomes and perioperative morbidity of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy performed for renal mass. J Urol 2005;173:1690–1694.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Lissoni P, Barni S, Ardizzoia A et al. Prognostic factors of the clinical response to subcutaneous immunotherapy with interleukin-2 alone in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Oncology 1994;51:59.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Ljungberg B, Alamdari FI, Holmberg G et al. Radical nephrectomy is still preferable in the treatment of localized renal cell carcinoma. A long-term follow-up study. Eur Urol 1998;33:79–85.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Lutz J, Heemann U. Tumours after kidney transplantation. Curr Opin Urol 2003;13(2):105–109.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Mabjeesh NJ, Avidor Y, Matzkin H. Emerging nephron sparing treatments for kidney tumours: a continuum of modalities from energy ablation to laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. J Urol 2004;171(2):553–560.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Maher ER, Kaelin WG Jr. von Hippel-Lindau disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 1997;76:381–391.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Mahoney JE. Immobility and falls. Clin Geriatr Med 1998;14:699.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Margiotta SJ, Horvitz JR, Willis IH et al. Cholecystectomy in the elderly. Am J Surg 1994;156:509–512.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Marshall FF. Urological survey: Editorial comment. J Urol 2005;173(2):410.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Massie MT, Massie LB, Marrangoni AG et al. Advantages of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the elderly and in patients with high ASA classifications. J Laparoendosc Surg 1993;3:467–476.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Matin SF, Abreu S, Ramani A et al. Evaluation of age and comorbidity as risk factors after laparoscopic urological surgery. J Urol 2003;170(4):1115–1120.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Matson MA, Cohen EP. Acquired cystic kidney disease: occurrence, prevalence and renal cancers. Medicine 1990;69:217–226.

    Google Scholar 

  76. McDougall EM, Clayman RV. Laparoscopic nephrectomy and nephroureterectomy in the octogenarian with a renal tumour. J Laparoendosc Surg 1994;4:233.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Mejean A, Oudard S, Thiounn N. Prognostic factors of renal cell carcinoma. J Urol 2003;169(3):821–827.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Mickisch GH. Surgical treatment of advanced disease for renal cell cancer. Eur Urol 2003; EAU Update Series 1:230–236.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Mickisch GH, Carballido J, Hellsten S et al. Guidelines on renal cell cancer. Eur Urol 2001;40:252–255.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Miller DC, Taub DA, Dunn RL et al. The impact of comorbid disease on cancer control and survival following radical cystectomy. J Urol 2003;169(1):105–109.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Monk TG, Weldon BC, Lemon D. Alterations in pulmonary function during laparoscopic surgery. Anesth Analg 1993;76:5274.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Montie JE, Wood DP. The risk of radical cystectomy. Br J Urol 1989;63:483.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Munro NP, Woodhams S, Nawrock JD et al. The role of transarterial embolization in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. BJU Int 2003;92:240–244.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Murphy MJ, Waukesha WI, Langenstroer P. Renal cell carcinoma in the transplant patient. J Urol 2004;171(4)suppl: 491.

    Google Scholar 

  85. Nadler RB, Kim SC, Rubenstein JN et al. Laparoscopic renal cryosurgery: the Northwestern experience. J Urol 2003;170(4):1121–1125.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Nelson CP, Wolf JS. Comparison of hand assisted versus standard laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for suspected renal cell carcinoma. J Urol 2002;167(5):1989–1994.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Novick AC, Campbell SC. Renal tumors. In: Walsh PC, Retik AB, Vaughan ED, Eds. Campbell’s Urology. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2002, pp. 2672–2731.

    Google Scholar 

  88. O’Connell RL, Lim LL. Utility of the Charlson comorbidity index computed from routinely collected hospital discharge diagnosis codes. Methods Inf Med 2000;39:7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Orihuela E, Cubelli V. Management and results in elderly patients with urologic cancer. Semin Urol 1987;5:134–140.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Pantuck AJ, Zisman A, Dorey F et al. Renal cell carcinoma with retroperitoneal lymph nodes: role of lymph node dissection. J Urol 2003;169(6):2076–2083.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Parsons JK, Jarrett TJ, Chow GK et al. The effect of previous abdominal surgery on urological laparoscopy. J Urol 2002;168(6):2387–2390.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Patard JJ, Leray E, Rodriguez A et al. Correlation between symptom graduation, tumour characteristics and survival in renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol 2003;44:226–232.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Pavlovich CP, Walther MM, Choyke PL et al. Percutaneous radio frequency ablation of small renal tumours: initial results. J Urol 2002;167(1):10–15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Penn I. Occurrence of cancers in immunosuppressed organ transplant recipients. Clin Transplant 1998;28:171–194.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Ramani AP, Desai MM, Steinberg C et al. Complications of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in 200 cases. J Urol 2005;173:42–47.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Reissman P, Agachan F, Wexner SD. Outcome of laparoscopic colorectal surgery in older patients. Am Surg 1996;62:1060–1063.

    Google Scholar 

  97. Rendon RA, Kachura JR, Sweet JM et al. The uncertainty of radio frequency treatment of renal cell carcinoma: findings at immediate and delayed nephrectomy. J Urol 2002;167(4):1587–1592.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Ries A, Eisner M, Kosary C et al. SEER Cancer Statistics Review 1973–1999. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 2002: http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1973–1999/,2002.

    Google Scholar 

  99. Roupret M, Hopirtean V, Mejean A et al. Nephron sparing surgery for renal cell carcinoma and von Hippel-Lindau disease: a single center experience. J Urol 2003;170(5):1752–1755.}

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Roy C, Buy X, Ghali S. Imaging in renal cell cancer. EAU Update Series 2003;1:209–214.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  101. Sager MA, Franke T, Inouye SK et al. Functional outcomes of acute medical illness and hospitalization in older persons. Arch Intern Med 1996;156:645.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Sasagawa I, Terasawa Y, Imai K et al. Acquired cystic disease of the kidney and renal carcinoma in hemodialysis patients: ultrasonographic evaluation. Br J Urol 1992;70:236–239.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Seifman BD, Dunn RL, Wolf JS. Transperitoneal laparoscopy into the previously operated abdomen: effect on operative time, length of stay and complications. J Urol 2003;169(1):36–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Seigne J. Editorial comment. J Urol 2004;171(1):113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  105. Shirasaki Y, Tsushima T, Saika T et al. Kidney function after nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. Urology 2004;64:43–47.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Shvarts O, Lam JS, Kim HL et al. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status predicts bone metastasis in patients presenting with renal cell carcinoma: implication for preoperative bone scans. J Urol 2004;172(3):867–870.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Soulié M, Straub M, Gamé X et al. A multicenter study of the morbidity of radical cystectomy in select elderly patients with bladder cancer. J Urol 2002;167(3):1325–1328.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Stadler WM, Huo D, George C et al. Prognostic factors for survival with gemcitabine plus 5-fluorouracil based regimens for metastatic renal cancer. J Urol 2003;170(4):1141–1145.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Stephenson AJ, Hakimi AA, Snyder ME et al. Complications of radical and partial nephrectomy in a large contemporary cohort. J Urol 2004;171(1):130–134.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Struthers AD, Cuschieri A. Cardiovascular consequences of laparoscopic surgery. Lancet 1998;352:568–570.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Swanson DA, Borges PM. Complications of transabdominal radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. J Urol 1983;129:704.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Tichener JL, Levine M. Surgery as a Human Experience. The Psychodynamics of Surgical Practice. New York: Oxford University Press, 1960, pp. 242–246.

    Google Scholar 

  113. Tsui K-H, Shvarts O, Smith RB et al. Renal cell carcinoma: prognostic significance of incidentally detected tumors. J Urol 2000;163:426–430.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Tsui K-H, Shvarts O, Smith RB et al. Prognostic indicators for renal cell carcinoma: a multivariate analysis of 643 patients using the revised 1997 TNM staging criteria. J Urol 2000;163:1090–1095.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Van Poppel H. Conservative vs radical surgery for renal cell carcinoma. BJU Int 2004;94:766–768.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Van Poppel H, Deroo F, Joniau S. Open surgical treatment of localized renal cell cancer. Eur Urol 2003; EAU Update Series 1:220–225.

    Google Scholar 

  117. Varkarakis I, Neururer R, Harabayashi T et al. Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy in the elderly. BJU Int 2004;94:517–520.

    Google Scholar 

  118. Vogelzang NJ, Bui MH, Belldegrun AS. Radical nephrectomy: is it necessary for metastatic RCC? Cont Urol 2002;14(12):16–33.

    Google Scholar 

  119. Whelan P. The medical treatment of metastatic renal cell cancer. Eur Urol 2003; EAU Update Series 1:237–246.

    Google Scholar 

  120. Wishnow KI, Johnson DE, Preston D et al. Long-term serum creatinine values after radical nephrectomy. Urology 1990;35:114–116.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Wittgen CM, Andrus CH, Fitzgerald SD et al. Analysis of the hemodynamic and ventilatory effects of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Arch Surg 1991;126:997–1000.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Wu F, Wang ZB, Chen WZ et al. Preliminary experience using high intensity focused ultrasound for the treatment of patients with advanced stage renal malignancy. J Urol 2003;170(6):2237–2240.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  123. Yasunaga Y, Shin M, Miki T et al. Prognostic factors of renal cell carcinoma: a multivariate analysis. J Surg Oncol 1998; 68:11.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Yaycioglu O, Roberts WW, Chan T et al. Prognostic assessment of nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma: a clinically based model. Urology 2001;58:141–145.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Zelkovic PF, Resnick MI. The promise of radiofrequency ablation. Cont Urol 2004;16(4):39–45.

    Google Scholar 

  126. Zenilman ME. Surgery in the elderly. Curr Probl Surg 1998;35:99.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Zisman A, Pantuck A, Dorey F et al. Improved prognostication of renal cell carcinoma using an integrated staging system. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:1649–1657.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Zisman A, Pantuck AJ, Wieder J et al. Risk group assessment and clinical outcome algorithm to predict the natural history of patients with surgically resected renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2002;20:4559–4566.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  129. Les hommes et les femmes: condensé de l’Annuaire Eurostat. In: Communautés européennes. Luxembourg City in Luxembourg State, Luxembourg: Office des publications officielles des communautés européennes, 1998, p. 2.

    Google Scholar 

  130. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstracts of the United States: 1998. Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Springer-Verlag London Limited

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Pushkar, D.Y., Govorov, A.V. (2008). Old and Fragile Patients. In: Rosette, J.J.d., Sternberg, C.N., Poppel, H.P.v. (eds) Renal Cell Cancer. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-763-3_36

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-763-3_36

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-84628-385-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-84628-763-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics