Abstract
In vitro cell culture techniques facilitate cultivation of human- and animal-origin cells for prolonged periods of time. Cell lines, harvested from primary or metastatic sites, maintain some of the phenotypical characteristics of the tumor of origin. However, establishing cell lines from early or premalignant disease, such as primary cultures, is more difficult. Cells can be immortalized inadvertently by exposure to environmental carcinogens or by repeated passage, transfection with viral or human oncogenes, and chemical or radiation exposure. Cell lines are vulnerable to significant interspecies and intercell-type contamination.
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Rajan, P., Leung, H.Y. (2008). Animal Models in Genitourinary Malignancies. In: Nargund, V.H., Raghavan, D., Sandler, H.M. (eds) Urological Oncology. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-738-1_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-738-1_2
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