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Magnesium: Forgotten Mineral in Cardiovascular Biology and Atherogenesis

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New Perspectives in Magnesium Research

Abstract

In this review, a rationale is presented for how hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), end-stage renal disease (ESRD), prolonged stress, and exposure to magnesium (Mg)-wasting drugs can lead to atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, and stroke. The data, accumulated so far, indicate that Mg deficiency caused either by a poor diet or errors in Mg metabolism may be a missing link between diverse cardiovascular risk factors and atherogenesis. Early data from our laboratory and others indicate that reduction in extracellular free Mg ions can induce an entire array of pathophysiological phenomena known to be important in atherogenesis, that is, vasospasm, hypoxia, increased vascular reactivity, and elevation in intracellular calcium (Ca). More recent data has demonstrated molecular events, pointing the way to atherogenesis: that is, formation of pro-inflammatory agents, generation of free radicals, platelet aggregation, modulation of macrophage and leukocyte mobility, and emigration across the endothelial wall. Finally, oxidation of lipoproteins, changes in membrane fatty acid saturation, changes in membrane plasmalogens, and N-phospholipids suggest alterations in intracellular lipid signals. It has been shown that Mg deficiency can modulate membrane sphingomyelinase, generate vasoactive and pathogenic sphingolipids, which could alter multiple intracellular signaling pathways, modulate transcription factors, and thus cause intimal plaque formation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Physiology and Pharmacology, and Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA

    Burton M. Altura PhD

  2. Physiology and Pharmacology, and Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA

    Bella T. Altura PhD

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  1. Burton M. Altura PhD
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan

    Yoshiki Nishizawa MD, PhD (Dean of Medicine, Professor of Internal Medicine) (Dean of Medicine, Professor of Internal Medicine)

  2. Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan

    Hirotoshi Morii MD, PhD (Emeritus Professor) (Emeritus Professor)

  3. Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France

    Jean Durlach MD, PhD (President of the International Society for the Development of Research on Magnesium (SDRM), Editor-in-Chief Magnesium Research journal) (President of the International Society for the Development of Research on Magnesium (SDRM), Editor-in-Chief Magnesium Research journal)

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Altura, B.M., Altura, B.T. (2007). Magnesium: Forgotten Mineral in Cardiovascular Biology and Atherogenesis. In: Nishizawa, Y., Morii, H., Durlach, J. (eds) New Perspectives in Magnesium Research. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-483-0_19

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