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The Role of Dietary Electrolytes and Childhood Blood Pressure Regulation

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Pediatric Hypertension

Part of the book series: Clinical Hypertension and Vascular Diseases ((CHVD))

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Abstract

The prevalence rates of high blood pressure and cardiovascular risk have increased in youth, given the increasing rates of overweight and obesity. Dietary electrolytes play an important role on influencing blood pressure (BP) mechanisms in youth, and previous research indicates that dietary sodium, potassium, and calcium significantly affect BP regulation. Electrolyte balance is essential for health, and the beneficial effects of decreasing sodium intake on BP in youth have been strongly supported. Though intervention studies demonstrate that reduced intake of sodium is beneficial for BP, it is not clear whether children and adolescents can comply with long-term efforts to reduce sodium intake. There is a growing body of evidence that increased potassium and calcium intake also reduces risk of high BP in youth, and studies suggest that some youth may be more likely to comply with these diets, which emphasize adding foods (e.g., foods containing potassium and calcium), rather than eliminating foods as in a reduced sodium diet. The purpose of this chapter is to summarize the nutritional electrolyte-related determinants of blood pressure in children and adolescents, specifically the roles of dietary sodium and potassium in regulating casual BP, BP reactivity, and circadian BP patterns in youth.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported in part by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (R01 HD072153) to Dawn K. Wilson, Ph.D., and by a grant to Sandra M. Coulon, M.A. (F31 AG039930).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Barnwell College, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA

    Dawn K. Wilson Ph.D., M.A., B.A. & Sandra M. Coulon M.A., BS

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  1. Dawn K. Wilson Ph.D., M.A., B.A.
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  2. Sandra M. Coulon M.A., BS
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Correspondence to Dawn K. Wilson Ph.D., M.A., B.A. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Washington, Division of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Sand Point Way NE. 4800, Seattle, 98105, Washington, USA

    Joseph T. Flynn

  2. Harvard Medical School, Pediatric Nephrology Unit, MassGeneral Hospital for Children at MGH, Fruit St. 55, Boston, 02114, Massachusetts, USA

    Julie R. Ingelfinger

  3. Global Clinical Research, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Provinceline Road, Princeton, 08543, New Jersey, USA

    Ronald J. Portman

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Wilson, D.K., Coulon, S.M. (2013). The Role of Dietary Electrolytes and Childhood Blood Pressure Regulation. In: Flynn, J., Ingelfinger, J., Portman, R. (eds) Pediatric Hypertension. Clinical Hypertension and Vascular Diseases. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-490-6_15

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-490-6_15

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