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CARF Regulates Cellular Senescence and Apoptosis through p53-Dependent and -Independent Pathways

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New Advances on Disease Biomarkers and Molecular Targets in Biomedicine

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Abstract

The word senescence is derived from Latin word senex, meaning old age. It is a property of all living organisms and defined as a process that leads to functional decline, and hence an increase in vulnerability to a spectrum of diseases eventually leading to death. Evolutionarily, it is understood as a condition that allows continued survival of a population without exhaustive competition for resources. Senescence is widely accepted as an indispensable outcome of life and highly influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic environmental factors that orchestrate a complex network of signaling. The senescent cells show activation of major tumor suppressor proteins (p53 and pRB) and their regulators (p14ARF and p16INK4A). They are resistance to apoptosis, a process of programmed cell death. The present review is focused on the understanding of senescence as a tumor suppressor mechanism. We discuss the regulation of p53 signaling by ARF (alternate reading frame) and CARF (collaborator of ARF) to execute either senescence or apoptosis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Central 4, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba Science City, 305-8562, Japan

    Renu Wadhwa, Rumani Singh & Sunil C. Kaul

  2. Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Cancer Center, College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA

    Zeenia Kaul

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  1. Renu Wadhwa
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  2. Rumani Singh
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  3. Zeenia Kaul
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  4. Sunil C. Kaul
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Correspondence to Sunil C. Kaul .

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  1. Faculty of Medicine Building, Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, Sassoon Road 21, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR

    Nikki P. Lee

  2. Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, York Ave. 1230, NEW YORK, 10021, New York, USA

    C.Y. Cheng

  3. Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Departmen, National University of Singapore, Medical Drive 10, Singapore, 117597, Singapore

    John M. Luk

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Wadhwa, R., Singh, R., Kaul, Z., Kaul, S.C. (2013). CARF Regulates Cellular Senescence and Apoptosis through p53-Dependent and -Independent Pathways. In: Lee, N., Cheng, C., Luk, J. (eds) New Advances on Disease Biomarkers and Molecular Targets in Biomedicine. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-456-2_8

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