Abstract
Parenteral nutrition (PN) is the technique of artificial nutrition (AN) that provides the human organism with fluids, energy, and nutrients, which go directly to the circulatory system through the venous network. The main aim of AN is to recover or maintain the nutritional status, enhancing the optimal growing and development of the child. Additionally, in some cases AN enables to control the underlying disease of the patient [1, 2].
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Abbreviations
- AN:
-
Artificial nutrition
- CVC:
-
Central venous catheter
- EFA:
-
Essential fatty acids
- EN:
-
Enteral nutrition
- ICV:
-
Inferior caval vein
- PN:
-
Parenteral nutrition
- PNALD:
-
PN-associated liver disease
- REE:
-
Resting energy expenditure
- SCV:
-
Superior caval vein
References
Mascarenhas MR, Enriquez L. What is pediatric nutrition support? In: Baker SS, Baker RD, Davis AM, editors. Pediatric nutrition support. Sudbury: Jones and Bartlett Publishers; 2007. p. 123–33.
Koretz RL, Lipman TO, Klein S. AGA technical review on parenteral nutrition. Gastroenterology. 2001;121:970–1001.
Martínez Costa C, Sierra C, Pedrón Giner C, et al. Nutrición enteral y parenteral en pediatría. An Esp Pediatr. 2000;52 Suppl 3:1–33.
Mason DG, Puntis JWL, McCormick K, et al. Parenteral nutrition for neonates and children: a mixed bag. Arch Dis Child. 2011;96:209–10.
Koletzko B, Goulet O, Hunt J, et al. Guidelines on Paediatric Parenteral Nutrition of the European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) and the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN), Supported by the European Society of Paediatric Research (ESPR). J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2005;41 Suppl 2:S1–87.
Gomis Muñoz P, Gómez López L, Martínez Costa C, et al. Spanish Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition; Spanish Society of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition; Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacies. Consensus on paediatric parenteral nutrition: a document approved by SENPE/SEGHNP/SEFH. Nutr Hosp. 2007;22(6):710–9.
Braegger C, Decsi T, Amil Dias J, et al. Practical approach to paediatric enteral nutrition: a comment by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroentrol Nutr. 2010;51:110–22.
Kerner JA. Parenteral nutrition. In: Walker WA, Watkins JB, Duggan C, editors. Nutrition in pediatrics. 3rd ed. London: BC Decaer Inc.; 2003. p. 957–85.
Collier S, Gura KM, Richardson DS, et al. Parenteral nutrition. In: Hendricks KM, Duggan CH, editors. Manual of pediatric nutrition. 4th ed. London: Bc Decker; 2005. p. 317–75.
ASPEN Board of Directors and the Clinical Guidelines Task Force. Guidelines for the use of parenteral and enteral nutrition in adult and pediatric patients. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2002;26(1 Suppl):1SA–38.
Krishnamurthy G, Keller MS. Vascular access in children. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2011;34:12–24.
Lee OK, Johnston L. A systematic review for effective management of central venous catheters and catheter sites in acute care paediatric patients. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs. 2005;2:4–13. discussion 14–5.
Schofield W. Predicting basal metabolic rate, new standards and review of previous work. Hum Nutr Clin Nutr. 1985;39C Suppl 1:5–41.
Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation. Energy and protein requirements. Technical Report Series 724. Geneva: WHO; 1985.
Shulman RJ, Phillips S. Parenteral nutrition in infants and children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2003;36:587–607.
Duro D, Rising R, Cole C, et al. New equations for calculating the components of energy expenditure in infants. J Pediatr. 2002;140:534–9.
Dietz WH, Bandini LG, Schoeller D. Estimates of metabolic rate in obese and non obese adolescents. J Pediatr. 1991;118:146–9.
Hardy G, Puzovic M. Formulation, stability, and administration of parenteral nutrition with new lipid emulsions. Nutr Clin Pract. 2009;24(5):616–25.
Cober MP, Teitelbaum DH. Prevention of parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease: lipid minimization. Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 2010;15(3):330–3.
Baker SS, Baker RD. Parenteral nutrition. In: Walter WA, Goulet O, Leinman R, Herman M, Shneider L, Sanderso IR, editors. Pediatric gastrointestinal disease. 4th ed. Hamilton, Ontario: BC Decker Inc.; 2004. p. 1958–80.
Lehmann CU, Conner KG, Cox JM. Preventing provider errors: online total parenteral nutrition calculator. Pediatrics. 2004;113:748–53.
Mühlebach S, Franken C, Stanga Z. Working group for developing the guidelines for parenteral nutrition of The German Association for Nutritional Medicine. Practical handling of AIO admixtures - Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition, Chapter 10. Ger Med Sci. 2009;7:18.
Kerner Jr JA, Garcia-Careaga MG, Fisher AA, et al. Treatment of catheter occlusion in pediatric patients. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2006;30(1 Suppl):S73–81.
Blaney M, Shen V, Kerner JA, et al. CAPS Investigators. Alteplase for the treatment of central venous catheter occlusion in children: results of a prospective, open-label, single-arm study (The Cathflo Activase Pediatric Study). J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2006;17(11 Pt 1):1745–51.
Doellman D. Prevention, assessment, and treatment of central venous catheter occlusions in neonatal and young pediatric patients. J Infus Nurs. 2011;34(4):251–8.
Baskin JL, Pui CH, Reiss U, et al. Management of occlusion and thrombosis associated with long-term indwelling central venous catheters. Lancet. 2009;374(9684):159–69.
O’Grady NP, Alexander M, Dellinger EP, et al. Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections. Am J Infect Control. 2002;30(8):476–89.
Raad II, Hohn DC, Gillbreth BJ, et al. Prevention of central venous catheter-related infections by using maximal sterile barrier precautions during insertion. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1994;15:231–8.
Raad I, Hanna H, Maki D. Intravascular catheter-related infections: advances in diagnosis, prevention, and management. Lancet Infect Dis. 2007;7(10):645–57.
Bishay M, Retrosi G, Horn V, et al. Chlorhexidine antisepsis significantly reduces the incidence of sepsis and septicemia during parenteral nutrition in surgical infants. J Pediatr Surg. 2011;46(6):1064–9.
Kumpf VJ. Parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease in adult and pediatric patients. Nutr Clin Pract. 2006;21:279–90.
Arsenault DA, Potemkin AK, Robinson EM, et al. Surgical intervention in the setting of parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis may exacerbate liver injury. J Pediatr Surg. 2011;46(1):122–7.
Barnett MI, Cosslett AG, Duffield JR, et al. Parenteral nutrition. Pharmaceutical problems of compatibility and stability. Drug Saf. 1990;5:101–6.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Pedrón-Giner, C., Martínez-Costa, C., Villares, J.M.M. (2013). Parenteral Nutrition in Infants and Children. In: Watson, R., Grimble, G., Preedy, V., Zibadi, S. (eds) Nutrition in Infancy. Nutrition and Health. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-254-4_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-254-4_18
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-1-62703-253-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-62703-254-4
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)