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Genotyping of Periodontal Anaerobic Bacteria in Relationship to Pathogenesis

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Molecular Typing in Bacterial Infections

Part of the book series: Infectious Disease ((ID))

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Abstract

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease induced by bacterial biofilm that accumulates on the gingival margin, in which a series of aberrant inflammatory responses are initiated in periodontal tissues by a small subset of endogenous gram-negative periodontal bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia (forsythensis), and Treponema denticola Periodontitis is not a homogeneous disease, but rather intricately influenced by host susceptibility differences as well as diversities in virulence among the harbored organisms. Clonal heterogeneity of subpopulations with both high and low levels of pathogenicity likely exists among organisms harbored by individuals with negligible, slight, or even severe periodontal destruction. Therefore, specific virulent clones of periodontal pathogens may be the cause of advanced and/or aggressive periodontitis. Recent technical innovations have provided various genomic tools for profiling the whole microbial population and identification of microorganisms, as well as evaluation of the presence of virulence factors. Genotyping assays of periodontal pathogens are expected to become useful methods for periodontal examinations and diagnosis. This chapter describes currently available assay methods, including those for the most advanced microbiome analyses, which are used to elucidate disease-causing bacterial flora and genotypic variations of periodontal pathogens, as well as findings from past studies that enable the estimation of specific virulent phenotypes and genotypes related to periodontitis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan

    Masae Kuboniwa D.D.S., Ph.D. & Atsuo Amano D.D.S., Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Masae Kuboniwa D.D.S., Ph.D.
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  2. Atsuo Amano D.D.S., Ph.D.
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Atsuo Amano D.D.S., Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto Nacional de Controle de, Qualidade em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Ivano de Filippis

  2. Microbiology, BioReliance Corporation, Broschart Road 14920, Rockville, 20850, Maryland, USA

    Marian L. McKee

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Kuboniwa, M., Amano, A. (2013). Genotyping of Periodontal Anaerobic Bacteria in Relationship to Pathogenesis. In: de Filippis, I., McKee, M. (eds) Molecular Typing in Bacterial Infections. Infectious Disease. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-185-1_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-185-1_10

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  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-62703-184-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-62703-185-1

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