Skip to main content
Book cover

Studies on Women's Health pp 149–167Cite as

Endometriosis and Oxidative Stress

Part of the Oxidative Stress in Applied Basic Research and Clinical Practice book series (OXISTRESS)

Abstract

Endometriosis is a chronic gynecologic disease process with multifactorial etiology. Increased oxidative stress, a result of increased production of free radicals or depletion of the body’s endogenous antioxidant defense, has been implicated in its pathogenesis. Oxidative stress is thought to promote angiogenesis and the growth and proliferation of endometriotic implants. Oxidative stress in the reproductive tract microenvironment is known to negatively affect sperm count and quality and may also arrest fertilized egg division leading to embryo death. Increased DNA damage in sperm, oocytes, and resultant embryos may account for the increase in miscarriages and fertilization and implantation failures seen in patients with endometriosis. The evidence linking endometriosis and infertility to endogenous pro-oxidant imbalance provides a rationale for the empiric use of antioxidant therapy. Vitamin C and E deficiency has been demonstrated in women with endometriosis. Observational and randomized controlled studies have shown vitamin C and E combination therapy to decrease markers of oxidative stress.

Keywords

  • Endometriosis
  • Oxidative stress
  • OS induced infertility
  • Antioxidant treatment
  • Curcumin
  • Melatonin
  • Pentoxifylline

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-041-0_9
  • Chapter length: 19 pages
  • Instant PDF download
  • Readable on all devices
  • Own it forever
  • Exclusive offer for individuals only
  • Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout
eBook
USD   169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • ISBN: 978-1-62703-041-0
  • Instant PDF download
  • Readable on all devices
  • Own it forever
  • Exclusive offer for individuals only
  • Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout
Softcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
Hardcover Book
USD   249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
Learn about institutional subscriptions
Fig. 9.1
Fig. 9.2

References

  1. Snesky TE, Liu DT (1980) Endometriosis: associations with menorrhagia, infertility, and oral contraceptives. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 17:573–576

    Google Scholar 

  2. Cramer DW (1987) Epidemiology of endometriosis in adolescents. In: Wilson EA (ed) Endometriosis, vol 1. Alan Liss, New York, pp 5–8

    Google Scholar 

  3. Giudice L, Kao L (2004) Endometriosis. Lancet 364:1789–1799

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Koninckx PR (1999) The physiopathology of endometriosis: pollution and dioxin. Gynecol Obstet Invest 47:47–49

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Donnez J, Chantraine F, Nisolle M (2002) The efficacy of medical and surgical treatment of endometriosis-associated infertility: arguments in favour of a medico-surgical approach. Hum Reprod Update 8:89–94

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Nisolle M, Donnez J (1997) Peritoneal endometriosis, ovarian endometriosis, and adenomyotic nodules of the rectovaginal septum are three different entities. Fertil Steril 68:585–596

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Van Langendonckt A, Casanas-Roux F, Dolmans MM, Donnez J (2002) Potential involvement of hemoglobin and heme in the pathogenesis of peritoneal endometriosis. Fertil Steril 77:561–570

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Heilier JF, Donnez J, Lison D (2008) Organochlorines and endometriosis: a mini-review. Chemosphere 71:203–210

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Halme J, Hammond MG, Hulka JF, Raj SG, Talbert LM (1984) Retrograde menstruation in healthy women and in patients with endometriosis. Obstet Gynecol 64:151–154

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Nap AW, Groothuis PG, Demir AY, Evers JL, Dunselman GA (2004) Pathogenesis of endometriosis. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 18:233–244

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Van Langendonckt A, Casanas-Roux F, Donnez J (2002) Iron overload in the peritoneal cavity of women with pelvic endometriosis. Fertil Steril 78:712–718

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Yamaguchi K, Mandai M, Toyokuni S, Hamanishi J, Higuchi T, Takakura K, Fujii S (2008) Contents of endometriotic cysts, especially the high concentration of free iron, are a possible cause of carcinogenesis in the cysts through the iron-induced persistent oxidative stress. Hum Cancer Biol 14(1):32–40

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Templeton DM, Liu Y (2003) Genetic regulation of cell function in response to iron overload or chelation. Biochim Biophys Acta 1619:113–124

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Lachapelle MH, Hemmings R, Roy DC, Falcone T, Miron P (1996) Flow cytometric evaluation of leukocyte subpopulations in the follicular fluids of infertile patients. Fertil Steril 65:1135–1140

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Seli E, Arici A (2003) Endometriosis: interaction of immune and endocrine systems. Semin Reprod Med 21:135–144

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Pellicer A, Albert C, Mercader A, Bonilla-Musoles F, Remohi J, Simon C (1998) The follicular and endocrine environment in women with endometriosis: local and systemic cytokine production. Fertil Steril 70:425–431

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Garrido N, Navarro J, Remohi J, Simon C, Pellicer A (2000) Follicular hormonal environment and embryo quality in women with endometriosis. Hum Reprod Update 6:67–74

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Wunder DM, Mueller MD, Birkhauser MH, Bersinger NA (2006) Increased ENA-78 in the follicular fluid of patients with endometriosis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 85:336–342

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Bedaiwy MA, Falcone T, Sharma RK, Goldberg JM, Attaran M, Nelson DR, Agarwal A (2002) Prediction of endometriosis with serum and peritoneal fluid markers: a prospective controlled trial. Hum Reprod 17:426–431

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Darai E, Detchev R, Hugol D, Quang NT (2003) Serum and cyst fluid levels of interleukin (IL) -6, IL-8 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha in women with endometriomas and benign and malignant cystic ovarian tumours. Hum Reprod 18:1681–1685

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Ulukus M, Ulukus EC, Seval Y, Zheng W, Arici A (2005) Expression of interleukin-8 receptors in endometriosis. Hum Reprod 20:794–801

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Agarwal A, Gupta S (2005) Role of reactive oxygen species in female reproduction. Part I. Oxidative stress: a general overview. Women Health 1:21–25

    Google Scholar 

  23. de Lamirande E, Gagnon C (1995) Impact of reactive oxygen species on spermatozoa: a balancing act between beneficial and detrimental effects. Hum Reprod 10:15–21

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Alul RH, Wood M, Longo J, Marcotte AL, Campione AL, Moore MK, Lynch SM (2003) Vitamin C protects low-density lipoproteins from homocysteine-mediated oxidation. Free Radic Biol Med 34(7):881–891

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Olek RA, Ziolkowski W, Kaczor JJ, Greci L, Popinigis J, Antosiewicz J (2004) Antioxidant activity of NADH and its analogue––an in vivo study. J Biochem Mol Biol 37:416–421

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Reubinoff BE, Har-El R, Kitrossky N, Friedler S, Levi R, Lewin A, Chevion M (1996) Increased levels of redox-active iron in follicular fluid: a possible cause of free radical mediated infertility in beta-thalassemia major. Am J Obstet Gynecol 174(3):914–918

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Arumugam K, Yip YC (1995) De novo formation of adhesions in endometriosis: the role of iron and free radical reactions. Fertil Steril 64(1):62–64

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Murphy AA, Palinski W, Rankin S, Morales AJ, Parthasarathy S (1998) Evidence for oxidatively modified lipid-protein complexes in endometrium and endometriosis. Fertil Steril 69(6):1092–1094

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Donnez J, Van Langendonckt A, Casanas-Roux F et al (2002) Current thinking on the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Gynecol Obstet Invest 54(Suppl 1):52–58. Discussion 9–62

    Google Scholar 

  30. Foyouzi N, Berkkanoglu M, Arici A, Kwintkiewicz J, Izquierdo D, Duleba AJ (2004) Effects of oxidants and antioxidants on proliferation of endometrial stromal cells. Fertil Steril 82(3):1019–1022

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Park JK, Song M, Dominguez CE, Walter MF, Santanam N, Parthasarathy S, Murphy AA (2006) Glycodelin mediates the increase in vascular endothelial growth factor in response to oxidative stress in the endometrium. Am J Obstet Gynecol 195(6):1772–1777

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Wu Y, Kajdacsy-Balla A, Strawn E, Basir Z, Halverson G, Jailwala P, Wang Y, Wang X, Ghosh S, Guo SW (2006) Transcriptional characterizations of differences between eutopic and ectopic endometrium. Endocrinology 147(1):232–246

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Seo SK, Yang HI, Lee KE, Kim HY, Cho S, Choi YS, Lee BS (2010) The roles of thioredoxin and thioredoxin-binding protein-2 in endometriosis. Hum Reprod 25(5):1251–1258

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Zeller JM, Henig I, Radwanska E, Dmowski WP (1987) Enhancement of human monocyte and peritoneal macrophage chemiluminescence activities in women with endometriosis. Am J Reprod Immunol Microbiol 13:78–82

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Ota H, Igarashi S, Tanaka T (2001) Xanthine oxidase in eutopic and ectopic endometrium in endometriosis and adenomyosis. Fertil Steril 75:785–790

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Saito H, Seino T, Kaneko T, Nakahara K, Toya M, Kurachi H (2002) Endometriosis and oocyte quality. Gynecol Obstet Invest 53(1):46–51

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Szczepanska M, Kozlik J, Skrzypczak J, Mikolajczyk M (2003) Oxidative stress may be a piece in the endometriosis puzzle. Fertil Steril 79:1288–1293

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Gupta S, Agarwal A, Krajcir N, Alvarez JG (2006) Role of oxidative stress in endometriosis. Reprod Biomed Online 13(1):126–134

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Polak G, Koziol-Montewka M, Gogacz M, Blaszkowska I, Kotarski J (2001) Total antioxidant status of peritoneal fluid in infertile women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 94(2):261–263

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Dong M, Shi Y, Cheng Q, Hao M (2001) Increased nitric oxide in peritoneal fluid from women with idiopathic infertility and endometriosis. J Reprod Med 46:887–891

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Lambrinoudaki IV, Augoulea A, Christodoulakos GE, Economou EV, Kaparos G, Kontoravdis A, Papadias C, Creatsas G (2009) Measurable serum markers of oxidative stress response in women with endometriosis. Fertil Steril 91(1):46–50

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Wang Y, Sharma RK, Falcone T, Goldberg J, Agarwal A (1997) Importance of reactive oxygen species in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis or idiopathic infertility. Fertil Steril 68:826–830

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Ho HN, Wu MY, Chen SU, Chao KH, Chen CD, Yang YS (1997) Total antioxidant status and nitric oxide do not increase in peritoneal fluids from women with endometriosis. Hum Reprod 12:2810–2815

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Ota H, Igarashi S, Hatazawa J, Tanaka T (1999) Endometriosis and free radicals. Gynecol Obstet Invest 48:29–35

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Murphy AA, Santanam N, Morales AJ, Parthasarathy S (1998) Lysophosphatidyl choline, a chemotactic factor for monocytes/T-lymphocytes is elevated in endometriosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol 83:2110–2113

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Ota H, Igarashi S, Hatazawa J, Tanaka T (1999) Immunohistochemical assessment of superoxide dismutase expression in the endometrium in endometriosis and adenomyosis. Fertil Steril 72:129–134

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Ota H, Igarashi S, Kato N, Tanaka T (2000) Aberrant expression of glutathione peroxidase in eutopic and ectopic endometrium in endometriosis and adenomyosis. Fertil Steril 74:313–318

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Jackson L, Schisterman E, Day-Rao R, Browne R, Armstrong D (2005) Oxidative stress and endometriosis. Hum Reprod 20:2014–2020

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Portz DM, Elkins TE, White R, Warren J, Adadevoh S, Randolph J (1991) Oxygen free radicals and pelvic adhesion formation: I. Blocking oxygen free radical toxicity to prevent adhesion formation in an endometriosis model. Int J Fertil 36:39–42

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. ASRM (2004) Endometriosis and infertility. Fertil Steril 82(1):S40–S45

    Google Scholar 

  51. Mahutte NG, Arici A (2002) New advances in the understanding of endometriosis related infertility. J Reprod Immunol 55:73–83

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Alpay Z, Saed GM, Diamond MP (2006) Female infertility and free radicals: potential role in adhesions and endometriosis. J Soc Gynecol Investig 13(6):390–398

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Doody MC, Gibbons WE, Buttram VC Jr (1988) Linear regression analysis of ultrasound follicular growth series: evidence for an abnormality of follicular growth in endometriosis patients. Fertil Steril 49:47–51

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Grant A (1966) Additional sterility factors in endometriosis. Fertil Steril 17:514–519

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Wardle PG, Mitchell JD, McLaughlin EA, Ray BD, McDermott A, Hull MG (1985) Endometriosis and ovulatory disorder: reduced fertilisation in vitro compared with tubal and unexplained infertility. Lancet 2:236–239

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Garrido N, Navarro J, Garcia-Velasco J, Remoh J, Pellice A, Simon C (2002) The endometrium versus embryonic quality in endometriosis-related infertility. Hum Reprod Update 8:95–103

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Osborn B, Haney AF, Misukonis M, Weinberg JB (2002) Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by peritoneal macrophages in endometriosis-associated infertility. Fertil Steril 77:46–51

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Curtis P, Lindsay P, Jackson AE, Shaw RW (1993) Adverse effects on sperm movement characteristic in women with minimal and mild endometriosis. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 100:165–169

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Oak MK, Chantler EN, Wiliams CA, Elstein M (1985) Sperm survival studies in peritoneal fluid from infertile women with endometriosis and unexplained infertility. Clin Reprod Fertil 3:297–303

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Mansour G, Aziz N, Sharma R, Falcone T, Goldberg J, Agarwal A (2009) The impact of peritoneal fluid from healthy women and from women with endometriosis on sperm DNA and its relationship to the sperm deformity index. Fertil Steril 92:61–67

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Mansour G, Agarwal A, Radwan E, Sharma R, Goldberg J, Falcone T (2007) DNA damage in metaphase II oocytes is induced by peritoneal fluid from endometriosis patients. ASRM 63rd annual meeting

    Google Scholar 

  62. Mansour G, Radwan E, Sharma R, Agarwal A, Falcone T, Goldberg J (2007) DNA damage to embryos incubated in the peritoneal fluid of patients with endometriosis: role in infertility. ASRM 63rd annual meeting

    Google Scholar 

  63. Agarwal A, Gupta S, Sikka S (2006) The role of free radicals and antioxidants in reproduction. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 18:325–332

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Polak G, Rola R, Gogacz M, Koziol-Montewka M, Kotarski J (1999) Malonyldialdehyde and total antioxidant status in the peritoneal fluid of infertile women. Ginecol PII 70:135–140

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Toya M, Saito H, Ohta N, Saito T, Kaneko T, Hiroi M (2000) Moderate and severe endometriosis is associated with alterations in the cell cycle of granulosa cells in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Fertil Steril 73:344–350

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Nakahara K, Saito H, Saito T, Ito M, Ohta N, Sakai N et al (1997) Incidence of apoptotic bodies in membrana granulosa of the patients participating in an in vitro fertilization program. Fertil Steril 67:302–308

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Sifer C, Benifla JL, Bringuier AF, Porcher R, Blanc-Layrac G, Madelenat P, Feldman G (2002) Could induced apoptosis of human granulosa cells predict in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer outcome? A preliminary study of 25 women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 103:150–153

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Cahill DJ, Wardle PG, Maile LA, Harlow CR, Hull MG (1997) Ovarian dysfunction in endometriosis-associated and unexplained infertility. J Assist Reprod Genet 14:554–557

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Tummon IS, Maclin VM, Radwanska E, Binor Z, Dmowski WP (1988) Occult ovulatory dysfunction in women with minimal endometriosis or unexplained infertility. Fertil Steril 50:716–720

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Trinder J, Cahill DJ (2002) Endometriosis and infertility: the debate continues. Hum Fertil 5:S21–S27

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  71. Mahmood TA, Templeton A (1991) Folliculogenesis and ovulation in infertile women with mild endometriosis. Hum Reprod 6:227–231

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Marcoux S, Maheux R, Berube S (1997) Laparoscopic surgery in infertile women with minimal or mild endometriosis. Canadian collaborative group on endometriosis. N Engl J Med 337:217–222

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Parazzini F (1999) Ablation of lesions or no treatment in minimal–mild endometriosis in infertile women: a randomized trial. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio dell’Endometriosi. Hum Reprod 14:1332–1334

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Garcia-Velasco JA, Arici A (2004) Surgery for the removal of endometriomas before in vitro fertilization does not increase implantation and pregnancy rates. Fertil Steril 81:1206

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Suzuki T, Izumi S, Matsubayashi H, Awaji H, Yoshikata K, Makino T (2005) Impact of ovarian endometrioma on oocytes and pregnancy outcome in in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 83:908–913

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Parazzini F, Chiaffarino F, Surace M, Chatenoud L, Cipriani S, Chiantera V et al (2004) Selected food intake and risk of endometriosis. Hum Reprod 19:1755–1759

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Mier-Cabrera J, Genera-Garcia M, De la Jara-Diaz J, Perichart-Perera O, Vadillo-Ortega F, Hernandez-Guerrero C (2008) Effect of vitamins C and E supplementation on peripherals oxidative stress markers and pregnancy rate in women with endometriosis. Int J Gynecol Obstet 100:252–256

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Westphal LM, Polan ML, Trant AS, Mooney SB (2004) A nutritional supplement for improving fertility in women: a pilot study. J Reprod Med 49:289–293

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. National Academy of Sciences (1989) Recommended dietary allowances. 10th edn. National Academy Press, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  80. Ehrenkranz R (1980) Vitamin E and the neonate. Am J Dis Child 134:1157–1168

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Palamanda JR, Kehrer JR (1993) Involvement of vitamin E and protein thiols in the inhibition of microsomal lipid peroxidation by glutathione. Lipids 28:427–431

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Burton GW, Traber MG (1990) Vitamin E: antioxidant activity, biokinetics, and bioavailability. Annu Rev Nutr 10:357–382

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Hernandez-Guerrero CA, Bujalil-Montenegro L, De la Jara-Diaz J, Mier-Cabrera J, Bouchan-Valencia P (2006) Endometriosis and deficient intake of antioxidant molecules related to peripherals and peritoneal oxidative stress. Ginecol Obstet Mex 74:20–28

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Jackson D, Craven RA, Hutson RC, Graze I, Lueth P, Tonge RP, Hartley JL, Nickson JA, Rayner SJ, Johnston C, Dieplinger B, Hubalek M, Wilkinson N, Perren TJ, Kehoe S, Hall GD, Daxenbichler G, Dieplinger H, Selby PJ, Banks RE (2007) Proteomic profiling identifies afamin as a potential biomarker for ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res 13:7370–7379

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Dieplinger H, Ankerst DP, Burges A, Lenhard M, Lingenhel A, Fineder L, Buchner H, Stieber P (2009) Afamin and apolipoprotein A-IV: novel protein markers for ovarian cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 18:1127–1133

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. de Muñoz CM, Antonio RJ, Angel LJ, Eduardo M, Adolfo C, Fernando P-G, Sonia H, Alejandra C (1996) Tablas de valor nutritivo de los alimentos. Editorial Pax México, México D.F.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Gao X, Martin A, Lin H, Bermudez OI, Tucker KL (2006) α-tocopherol intake and plasma concentrations of hispanic and non-hispanic white elders is associated with dietary intake patters. J Nutr 136:2574–2579

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Dennehy CE (2006) The use of herbs and dietary supplements in gynecology: an evidence-based review. J Midwifery Womens Health 51:402–409

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Ziaei S, Faghihzadeh S, Sohrabvand F, Lamyian M, Emamgholy T (2001) A randomised placebo-controlled trial to determine the effect of vitamin E in treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea. Br J Obstet Gynecol 108:1181–1183

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Bruno RS, Leonard SW, Atkinson J, Montine TJ, Ramakrishnan R, Bray TM, Traber MG (2006) Faster plasma vitamin E disappearance in smokers is normalized by vitamin C supplementation. Free Radic Biol Med 40:689–697

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Zhang X, Sharma RK, Agarwal A, Falcone T (2005) Effect of pentoxifylline in reducing oxidative stress-induced embryotoxicity. J Assist Reprod Genet 22(11–12):415–417

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Lv D, Song H, Clarke J, Shi G (2009) Pentoxifylline versus medical therapies for subfertile women with endometriosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 8(3):CD007677

    Google Scholar 

  93. Swarnaker S, Paul S (2009) Curcumin arrests endometriosis by downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity. Indian J Biochem Biophys 46(1):59–65

    Google Scholar 

  94. Paul S, Sharma AV, Mahapatra PS, Bhattacharya P, Reiter RJ, Swarnakar S (2008) Role of melatonin in regulating matrix metalloproteinase-9 via tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 during protection against endometriosis. J Pineal Res 44(4):439–449

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Guney M, Oral B, Karahan N, Mungan T (2008) Regression of endometrial explants in a rat model of endometriosis treated with melatonin. Fertil Steril 89(4):934–942

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Xu H, Liu WT, Chu CY, Ng PS, Wang CC, Rogers MS (2009) Antiangiogenic effects of green tea catechin on an experimental endometriosis mouse model. Hum Reprod 24(3):608–618

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Defre`re S, Van Langendonckt A, Vaesen S, Jouret M, Gonza′lez Ramos R, Gonzalez D, Donnez J (2006) Iron overload enhances epithelial cell proliferation in endometriotic lesions induced in a murine model. Hum Reprod 21:2810–2816

    Google Scholar 

  98. Sanfilippo JS, Wakim NG, Schikler KN, Yussman MA (1986) Endometriosis in association with uterine anomaly. Am J Obstet Gynecol 154:39–43

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Arumugam K, Lim JM (1997) Menstrual characteristics associated with endometriosis. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 104:948–950

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Guney M, Nasir S, Oral B, Karahan N, Mungan T (2007) Effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on the regression of endometrial explants in an experimental rat model. Reprod Sci 14(3):270–279

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Murphy AA, Zhou MH, Malkapuram S, Santanam N, Parthasarathy S, Sidell N (2000) RU486-induced growth inhibition of human endometrial cells. Fertil Steril 71:1014–1019

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1176 5th Ave Klingenstein Pavilion, 9th Floor, New York, NY, 10029, USA

    Lucky H. Sekhon

  2. Center for Reproductive Medicine, Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA

    Ashok Agarwal

Authors
  1. Lucky H. Sekhon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ashok Agarwal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ashok Agarwal .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic, Euclid Avenue 9500, Cleveland, 44195, Ohio, USA

    Ashok Agarwal

  2. Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Liverpool Women's Hospital, Crown Street, Liverpool, L8 7SS, United Kingdom

    Nabil Aziz

  3. College of Medicine, OB/Gyn Department, University of South Alabama, Cox Street, Suite A 251, Mobile, 36604, Alabama, USA

    Botros Rizk

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Sekhon, L.H., Agarwal, A. (2013). Endometriosis and Oxidative Stress. In: Agarwal, A., Aziz, N., Rizk, B. (eds) Studies on Women's Health. Oxidative Stress in Applied Basic Research and Clinical Practice. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-041-0_9

Download citation