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Vitamin D and the Lung pp 59–84Cite as

Vitamin D and the Innate Immune Response

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Part of the Respiratory Medicine book series (RM,volume 3)

Abstract

Active vitamin D metabolites play a major role in key functions of the innate immune response. Triggering of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) by those metabolites has been demonstrated to mediate the expression of antimicrobial peptides, induction of autophagy, as well as the production of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species as mechanisms of host defense. The role of vitamin D has been well characterized in the context of tuberculosis from both a molecular and epidemiological standpoint. Activation of Toll-like receptors, a family of innate immune pattern recognition receptors, on human macrophages with Mycobacterium tuberculosis-derived ligands results in activation of the vitamin D pathway, including (1) the conversion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), (2) activation of the VDR, and (3) antimicrobial activity against intracellular M. tuberculosis infection. This provides a potential explanation for the association between the host vitamin D status with susceptibility to tuberculosis infection and disease.

Keywords

  • Innate immunity
  • Toll-like receptors
  • Tuberculosis
  • Infection
  • Antimicrobial activity
  • Oxidative stress
  • Macrophages

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Fig. 4.1

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA

    Aria Vazirnia

  2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of California at Los Angeles, 615 Charles E. Young Drive South, Room 410, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA

    Philip T. Liu

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  1. Channing Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Wome, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts, USA

    Augusto A. Litonjua

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Vazirnia, A., Liu, P.T. (2012). Vitamin D and the Innate Immune Response. In: Litonjua, A. (eds) Vitamin D and the Lung. Respiratory Medicine, vol 3. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-888-7_4

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