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Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer

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Book cover Biotargets of Cancer in Current Clinical Practice

Part of the book series: Current Clinical Pathology ((CCPATH))

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Abstract

Prostate cancer is the most common neoplasm occurring in a solid organ in industrialized countries and a leading cause of cancer death in the same western world areas. Besides classical detection procedures like digital rectal exam, a biomarker like prostate-specific antigen serum measurement remains a milestone in the diagnosis and follow-up. Many more biomarkers have been discovered in recent times, thanks to genetics, proteomics, and metabolomics, but very few are reaching wide and universal clinical use. In this chapter, the most recent discoveries in the field are reviewed, together with the main and established themes aiding the clinical decision in the diagnosis, staging, grading, and clinical significance considerations concerning this very common neoplasm.

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Abbreviations

BPH:

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

CaPSURE:

Cancer of Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor

CRPC:

Castration-resistant prostate cancer

CTC:

Circulating tumor cells

DMAB:

(3,2′-Dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl)

DRE:

Digital rectal examination

ETS:

Erythroblastosis virus E26 transforming sequence: a family of transcription factors

GRP:

Gastrin-releasing peptide

GSTP1:

Glutathione S-transferase

HDAC:

Histone deacetylase

hK2:

Human glandular kallikrein-2

HRPCa:

Hormone-resistant prostate cancer

LH:

Luteinizing hormone

LHRH:

Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone

MMPs:

Matrix metalloproteases

NE:

Neuroendocrine

NET:

Neuroendocrine transdifferentiation

NSE:

Neuron-specific enolase

PAP:

Prostatic acid phosphatase

PCa:

Prostate cancer

PCA3:

Prostate cancer gene 3

PIN:

Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia

PSA:

Prostate-specific antigen

PSMA:

Prostate-specific membrane antigen

PSP94:

Prostate secretory protein-94

TMPRSS2:

Prostate-specific gene transmembrane protease serine 2

uPA:

Urokinase-type plasminogen acti­vator

VPA:

Valproic acid

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Experimental Medicine, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito-2, L’Aquila, 67100, Italy

    Mauro Bologna M.D.

  2. Department of Urology, University Hospital of Teramo, L’Aquila, Italy

    Carlo Vicentini M.D.

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  1. Mauro Bologna M.D.
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Correspondence to Mauro Bologna M.D. .

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  1. Chair of General Pathology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito-2, L'Aquila, 67100, Italy

    Mauro Bologna

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Bologna, M., Vicentini, C. (2012). Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer. In: Bologna, M. (eds) Biotargets of Cancer in Current Clinical Practice. Current Clinical Pathology. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-615-9_13

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